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2./did/find/my/not/watch/I/on/the table/

3./home/yesterday/they/not were/at/

4./when shines/hot/the sun/it/very/here/is/

5./achievements/spoke/everybody/about/your/new/

Упражнение 6. Выберите нужную форму глагола (Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Simple или Past Simple).

1.I (not to meet) Peter since Monday.

2.My watch (to stop). There (to be) something wrong with it.

3.Nina just (to finish) her work.

4.What the weather (to be) like? It still (to rain)? – No, it (to stop) raining.

5.The train already (to arrive). I (to stand) at the platform and (to look) at the passengers.

6.I (to be) in a hurry. My friend (to wait) for me.

7.I already (to do) my homework. Now I can (to go) for a walk.

8.I (not to write) a report now.

Упражнение 7. Перепишите предложения, изменив прямую речь на косвенную.

1.She said, “I am going to book the tickets tomorrow.”

2.Alice asked me, “Did you spend much time there?”

3.The mother said to her son, “You have spent too much money on sweets.”

4.Mary said, “I feel bad today.”

5.The student said, “I can’t answer this question.”

6.The teacher said to the pupils, “Next year we will have six hours of English a week.”

7.He said, “I haven’t seen my cousin today.”

8.“I am waiting for my friends”, said James.

Упражнение 8. Кратко изложите содержание текста на языке обучения.

Вариант 5

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите данный текст.

Storage of seeds

Seeds are complete living organisms, and as such they must be stored to preserve viability. Seeds of different species vary in the length of time they remain viable in storage. Oak seeds do not usually remain viable for more than a year; others can be stored for more than 30 years without much loss of viability. A good general rule is to obtain a fresh seed supply every year or as often as good seed

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crops are available. The appropriate moisture content of stored seed varies for each type of seed.

The three most important physical factors in seed storage are temperature, relative humidity and oxygen. Seeds are usually stored at room temperature (21 ºC), refrigerator temperature (5 ºC), or freezer temperature ( - 20 ºC). Dry seeds have low physiological activity and can therefore be stored successfully over a wide temperature range.

For dry seeds relative humidity must be kept low. The duration of storage can often be extended by reducing the oxygen content, which can be easily accomplished by storing the seed in sealed containers.

Seeds that require high moisture content cannot tolerate subfreezing temperatures but can be kept well at temperatures just above freezing.

Пояснения к тексту: Seed supply – запас семян

Crop – урожай

Relative humidity – относительная влажность

Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1.Why must seeds be carefully stored?

2.What is a general rule concerning storage of seeds?

3.What are the three most important factors in seed storage?

4.What temperature are seeds usually stored at?

5.What is the role of oxygen in the duration of storage?

Упражнение 3. Найдите в тексте предложение, сказуемое которого стоит в отрицательной форме, выпишите его и переведите на русский язык. Определите время и залог в предложении.

Упражнение 4. Выпишите из текста два предложения с модальными глаголами и переведите их на русский язык.

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки и составьте предложения, соблюдая правильный порядок слов.

1./you/to/tomorrow/go/will/the Institute?/

2./was/it/beautiful/of/the most/the city/part/formerly/

3./meat/is/them/some/vegetables/brining/he/and/

4./she/an interesting/told/story/me/has/

5.the evening/often/in/go/to see/I/my friends/

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Упражнение 6. Выберите нужную форму глагола (Present Continuous или

Present Simple).

1.We (to have) a party next Saturday. Would you like to come?

2.We (to drink) coffee every morning.

3.The concert this evening (to start) at 7.30.

4.Tom (to read) at the moment.

5.How long it (to take) you to get to the Institute, usually?

6.You (to eat) too much, so of course you (to get) fat.

7.You (to like) what you (to do) now?

8.How Peter (to get) on? – Very well. He (to seem) to like the life.

Упражнение 7. Перепишите предложения, изменив прямую речь на косвенную.

1.Tom said, “I like my tea strong and very hot.”

2.Ben asked me, “When did you join our circle?”

3.He said, “My wife has just been made a judge.”

4.Diana said, “I am going to the theatre tonight.”

5.Susan said, “I usually spend my holidays in the south.”

6.I said to them, “I can give you my uncle’s address.”

7.Nick said, “I shall travel a lot next year.”

8.He said, “I have just received a letter from my relatives.”

Упражнение 8. Кратко изложите содержание текста на языке обучения.

Контрольная работа № 4.

Для выполнения контрольной работы № 4 следует повторить грамматический и лексический материал предыдущих заданий и изучить следующие темы:

1.Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

2.Причастия I и II. Функции причастий в предложении.

3.Действительный и страдательный залог:

-особенности употребления страдательного залога в английском языке по сравнению с русским языком

-значение сочетаний глагола to be с Participle II

-способы перевода на русский язык предложений в страдательном залоге.

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Вариант 1

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите данный текст.

Sowing

Seedbed preparation is critical to the successful establishment of a uniform stand of seedlings. The site should have a well-drained, medium-textured soil. Sometimes it is necessary to add a soil amendment such as sand or peat moss. When you have prepared the seedbed in texture and layout, take measures to control weeds. Weeds are always a major problem in seed propagation.

Successful establishment of seedlings depends on the sowing operation. The depth of sowing is important and is determined by the size of the seed and the time of year. Large seeds should be placed deeper in the bed than small ones. Sow fall-sown seed, which is not expected to germinate until spring, slightly deeper than spring-sown seed. Pack the seedbed firmly and cover it with a thin layer of sand. The firm packing ensures good seed contact with the moist soil. The seed’s greatest requirement is to be maintained uniformly moist between the time of sowing and germination. Irrigation may be necessary if there is low rainfall. A straw, sawdust, or sand mulch that is free of weed seeds helps to converse moisture and prevents crusting of the soil surface. Fall-sown seeds need protection against predation by rodents.

Пояснения к тексту:

Seedbed – почва, подготовленная для посева

A uniform stand – единообразное (однородное) насаждение

Peat – торф

Weed – сорняк

Propagation – разведение

Predation – вредительство

Rodent – грызун Straw – солома Sawdust - опилки

Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1.What is important for the successful establishment of a uniform stand of seedlings?

2.What is a major problem in seed propagation?

3.What does successful establishment of seedlings depend on?

4.What is the depth of sowing determined by?

5.In what cases is irrigation necessary for seeds?

6.What seeds need protection against rodents?

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Упражнение 3. Выпишите из текста второе предложение, найдите в нем причастия, подчеркните их, переведите предложение на русский язык. Определите формы причастий и их функции в предложении.

Упражнение 4. Выпишите из текста любое предложение в страдательном залоге, подчеркните сказуемое и переведите предложение на русский язык. Укажите, какое время употреблено в предложении.

Упражнение 5. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление времен в страдательном залоге.

1.Bread is sold at the baker’s.

2.I am being invited by my cousins now.

3.The first book was printed in Germany.

4.The new school will have been built by the first of September.

5.The film is much spoken about.

6.Your house will be taken care of.

7.The light has not been switched off.

8.Who is the article written by?

Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки и употребите глагол в нужном залоге

(Active или Passive).

1.The documents for my business trip (to prepare) now.

2.Peter was late for the party, so when he came into the room all the guests (to introduce) to each other.

3.I am sure I (to ask) at the lesson tomorrow.

4.Yesterday I (to ask) the teacher to help me.

5.Nick (to send) to Moscow next week.

6.We (to meet) many difficulties, but all the same we finished the work in time.

7.I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday.

8.A taxi (to call) fifteen minutes ago, so we (to expect) it any moment.

Упражнение 7. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами can, may, must, need.

1.I … not go out today: it is too cold.

2.… I take your pen? – Yes, please.

3.We … not carry the bookcase upstairs: it is too heavy.

4.We … not carry the bookcase upstairs ourselves: the workers will come and do it.

5.Peter … return the book to the library. We all want to read it.

6.Shall I write a letter to him? – No, you … not, it is not necessary.

7.… you cut something without a knife?

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Упражнение 4. Выпишите из текста любое предложение в страдательном залоге, подчеркните сказуемое и переведите предложение на русский язык. Укажите, какое время употреблено в предложении.

Упражнение 5. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление времен в страдательном залоге.

1.Newspapers are delivered in the morning.

2.Dinner was served at six.

3.This book is often referred to.

4.I was not invited to the party.

5.The letter has just been sent off.

6.The article will be translated tomorrow.

7.She showed me the article which had been translated by her brother.

8.Before I returned home the dinner had been cooked.

Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки и употребите глагол в нужном залоге (Active

или Passive).

1.When I went into the cinema, a new film (to show).

2.The experiment (to watch) by the students now.

3.A new school (to build) opposite our house lately.

4.The boy (to tell) that he (not to allow) to go out until his homework (to do) carefully.

5.Nobody (to see) him yesterday.

6.The articles (to discuss) at the next conference.

7.The question (to settle) as soon as they arrived.

8.You can (to find) interesting information in this newspaper.

Упражнение 7. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами should, must, to have to, to be to.

1.It is a very important meeting and we … attend it.

2.The lecture … to begin at eight.

3.She … to send a telegram because it was too late to send a letter.

4.We … to go to the theatre this afternoon.

5.You … speak English at the English lessons.

6.It is raining. You … put on your raincoat.

7.I … to help my friends with this work now, so I cannot go with you.

Упражнение 8. Кратко изложите содержание текста на языке обучения.

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Вариант 3

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите данный текст.

Cuttings

Portions of stems, roots, or leaves from the stock plant can be induced to form the necessary parts of a new plant when they are placed under favorable environmental conditions. The use of cuttings is the most common method of propagating ornamental trees and shrubs. For species that can be propagated from this method, numerous plants can be produced from a new stock plants in a limited space. There are several types of cuttings classified according to the plant part and its maturity.

Deciduous hardwood stem cutting is the easiest and least expensive method of vegetative propagation. Cuttings are prepared during the fall or early spring from the current season’s growth. Cuttings planted directly into the field under irrigation will quickly produce rooted plants.

Cuttings from coniferous trees are usually taken at the beginning of November and kept in a cool, moist place until mid-December, when they are propagated in the greenhouse.

Softwood cuttings are prepared early in the growing season from the new growing stems of woody or herbaceous plants.

Leaf-bud cuttings consist of a leaf, stem piece, and auxiliary bud. The stem piece creates new roots and the bud grows to form the shoot.

Root cuttings are taken from well-developed roots during the dormant season. Later on it is necessary to plant root cuttings in the greenhouse or outdoors under irrigation.

Пояснения к тексту:

Cutting – черенкование, черенок Stock plant – материнское растение

Ornamental trees – декоративные деревья Shrub – кустарник

Greenhouse – теплица

Hardwood cutting – одревесневевший черенок Softwood cutting – травянистый черенок Stem cutting – стеблевой черенок

Shoot – побег

Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1.What can be induced to form the necessary parts of a new plant?

2.What are the main types of cutting?

3.What is the easiest and least expensive method of vegetative propagation?

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4.Cuttings from what trees are usually taken at the beginning of November?

5.When are softwood cuttings prepared?

6.What do leaf-bud cuttings consist of?

Упражнение 3. Выпишите из текста 4-е предложение, найдите в нем причастие, подчеркните его, переведите предложение на русский язык. Определите форму причастия и его функцию в предложении.

Упражнение 4. Выпишите из текста любое предложение в страдательном залоге, подчеркните сказуемое и переведите предложение на русский язык. Укажите, какое время употреблено в предложении.

Упражнение 5. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление времен в страдательном залоге.

1.The letter has just been typed.

2.The boy was punished for something.

3.When will this book be read?

4.I was told that 8.15. train would get me to London in time.

5.A new law on smoking in public places has been introduced.

6.The diploma paper will have been written by the end of the week.

7.She is liked by everybody.

8.This question is not connected with the problem which is being discussed now.

Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки и употребите глагол в нужном залоге (Active

или Passive).

1.When we rang them up the plan still (to discuss).

2.The teacher told the student to look up the rule himself as it (to explain) many times.

3.Bread (to eat) every day.

4.The teacher (to send) for the pupil’s parents.

5.I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday.

6.At the last competition the first prize (to win) by our team.

7.At the station they (to meet) by a man from the travel bureau.

8.You (to promise) me these books long ago.

Упражнение 7. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами must, can, need.

1.If you want to improve your English, you … work very hard.

2.… I take this book? - Certainly, but you … not give it to anybody.

3.The doctor says you … stay at home for a day or two.

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4.There is something wrong with your TV-set. You … call a repair-man. – Oh, we … not do it! My brother … fix it himself.

5.… we bring these textbooks every day? – No, you … not. You … take them from the library.

6.… you go to the country with us? – No, I am afraid I … not: I … go to the office.

Упражнение 8. Кратко изложите содержание текста на языке обучения.

Вариант 4

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите данный текст.

Pruning

By pruning is meant the removal of branches from standing trees by natural or artificial means. The clearing of the stem through the death and fall of branches for want of light is known as natural pruning. The pruning process is essential to the production of clear saw logs. Otherwise dead branches persist and the lumber produced is full of knots. The size and number of knots in a board are factors taken into account when lumber is graded; the cleaner the board, the higher its grade and consequently its selling price.

In stands where the trees are close together natural pruning takes place, but these conditions of density make for slow diameter growth. In order to make possible the maximum development of trees in a forest stand, the numbers are reduced and more light is admitted; and as a result the side branches tend to persist. Therefore, the practice of artificially pruning the lower branches is sometimes undertaken. In particular, pruning is carried on in coniferous stands, especially in forest plantations, where the numbers of trees planted are far fewer per acre than is usual in a self-seeded stand.

Artificial pruning, if properly done, will not do any harm to the tree. The cut should be clean, close to the stem, and the bark must not be torn or otherwise injured. The freshly cut wood should be covered with a protective paint.

The pruning is restricted to the limited number of the best and dominant trees that are to form the final stand.

Пояснения к тексту: Pruning – обрезка сучьев

Natural pruning – естественное очищение сучьев Standing trees – растущие деревья

Knot – сучок

Lumber – пиломатериалы, лесоматериалы Stand - древостой, насаждение