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holidays. 4. Because I had finished the book, I decided to take it back to the library. 5. Because they had gone to bed so late the night before, they felt quite tired the next day. 6. Because he had failed the exam the first time, he decided to take it again. 7. Because I didn't know his address, I couldn't contact him.

6. Complete the story in the Mudford Gazette about а girl who paints pictures. Put each verb in brackets into the -ing form or -ed form.

13-year-old Annabel Waites of Mudford has won first prize in а national art competition. Her (win) picture is а painting of Mudford Hill. I talked to Annabel at her home in Embury Road. At the moment she has а (break) arm, which she got (play) netball. Fortunately it's her left arm, so she can still paint. Annabel usually listens to music while (paint). And she always paints (stand) up because she feels more comfortable that way. 'I often feel very tired after (finish) а picture, she told me. 'It takes а lot out of me.'

Annabel was working on а half-(finish) picture of horses n а field. And on the wall was а beautifully (draw) portrait of her dog Beezer. (Ве) an animal lover, Annabel often paints pictures of animals. On another wall I noticed а picture of а lawn (cover) with (fall) leaves. (Encourage) by her success, Annabel hopes to make painting her career, although she а knows it will not be easy. But (help) by her art teacher, Mrs Emma Good-enough of Portway School, she has developed an individual style. Annabel has many other hobbies, and she often goes (skate) with her friends.

7.Join each of the following pairs of sentences, using either а present the participle eg knowing, а past participle eg known, or а perfect participle eg having known.

Не got off his horse. Не began searching for something on the ground. Getting off his horse, he began searching...

1. I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare. 2. We barricaded the windows. We assembled in the hall. 3. She became tired of my cоmplaints about the programme. She turned it off. 4. Не found no one at home. Не left the house in а bad temper. 5. She hoped to find the will She searched everywhere. 6. Не realized that he had missed the last train. Не began to walk. 7. Не was exhausted by his work. Не threw himself on his bed. 8. Не had spent all his money. Не decided to go home and ask his father for a job. 9. Не escaped from prison. Не looked far а place where he could get food. 10. She didn't want to hear the story again. She had heard it all before. 11. She entered the

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room. She found them smoking. 12. I turned on the light. I was astonished at what I saw. 13. We visited the museum. We decided to have lunch in the park. 14. Не offered to show us the way home. Не thought we were lost. 15. She asked me to help her. She realized that she couldn't move it alone. 16. Не fed the dog. Не sat down to his own dinner. 17. I have looked through the fashion magazines. I realize that my clothes are hopelessly out of date. 18. We were soaked to the skin. We eventually reached the station. 19. One day you will be sitting by the fire. You will remember this day. 20. I didn't like to sit down. I knew there were ants in the grass. 21. She believed that she could trust him absolutely. She gave him а blank cheque. 22. I had heard that the caves were dangerous. I didn't like to go any further without а light.

8. Paraphrase these sentences so as to use Participle II in the function of attribute.

1. She was exhausted. She sank into the armchair. 2. А tree was uprooted by the gale.

It fell across the road. 3. She was wakened by а loud sound. She jumped out of bed. 4. We were soaked to the skin. We finally found а shelter. 5. His hat was blown off by а sudden gust of wind. It started rolling along the street. 6. Mrs. Smith lived in а house that was painted green. 7. As I was occupied by other thoughts I stopped thinking about Jack's affairs. 8. As he was satisfied with what he had done, he decided he could take а holiday. 9. The girl was confused and didn't know what to answer. 10. I’ve never heard about the novel that Магу mentioned. 11. Не described а very unpleasant experience he had had. I wouldn't like to have the same experience. 12. After that there was silence in the room. It was broken only by the drumming of the rain on the windows. 13. Fortunately, the murder they attempted wasn't successful. 14. А lot of seats were not sold. 15. The people she met were very helpful. 16. She was requested to submit the report to а committee that had been specially set up to investigate the matter. 17. She walked out of the theatre. She was depressed by the play. 18. The criminal gripped her bag. There were gloves on his hands. 19. Не just watched the snake. Не was stunned and unable to move. 20. All the questions that were asked seemed easy to her.

9. Translate into English. Participles as adjectives and adjectival phrases

1. Окна, которые выходили на мост, были открыты. 2. Секретарь отправил подписанные директором письма. 3. Я очень благодарна врачам, спасшим жизнь моего ребёнка. 4. Его неожиданный ответ удивил нас. 5. Дорога, которая сейчас ремонтируется, будет значительно шире после ремонта. 6. В этой комнате есть

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несколько сломанных стульев. 7. Он принёс мне несколько иллюстрированных журналов. 8. Мы внимательно прочли присланную профессором Ивановым статью. 9. Рассказы, напечатанные в этом журнале, очень интересны. 10. Рабочие, разгружающие пароход, будут свободны через час. 11. Словари, взятые студентами из библиотеки, должны быть возвращены не позднее 6 часов. 12. Человек, сидевший у открытого окна, смотрел на детей, играющих в саду. 13. Я надеюсь, что вы не повторите ошибок, сделанных в прошлом диктанте. 14. Он показал мне список товаров, экспортируемых этой фирмой. 15. В его статье есть много цифр, иллюстрирующих развитие нашей промышленности. 16. Я ещё не просмотрел всех журналов, присланных нам из Лондона. 17. Я уже проверил сочинения, написанные студентами моей группы. 18. Вот список слушателей, изучающих английский язык. 19. Все студенты, принимающие участие в этой работе, должны придти в институт сегодня в 6 часов вечера. 20. Я прочёл статью, переведённую моей сестрой с английского языка на русский. 21. Он положил спящего ребёнка на диван. 22. Мы подошли к человеку, стоявшему на углу, и спросили его, как пройти к вокзалу. 23. Люди, ожидающие доктора, давно здесь сидят. 24, Люди, ожидавшие вас, только что ушли. 25. Конференция, проходящая сейчас в университете, посвящена проблемам ядерной физики.

10. Participles introducing adverbial phrases.

1. Вы должны быть очень внимательны, играя в шахматы. 2. Они быстро шли, разговаривая о чём-то с большим интересом. 3. Капитан стоял на палубе, давая распоряжения матросам. 4. Оставив вещи в камере хранения, мы пошли осматривать город. 5. Оставшись один, он начал распаковывать вещи. 6. Так как он прожил в Лондоне много лет, он знал город хорошо. 7. Он не согласился пойти с нами на концерт, сказав, что он занят. 8. Она стояла и думала, что ответить. 9. Я не позвонил ему, думая, что он занят. 10. Путешествуя по стране, мы познакомились со многими достопримечательностями. 11. Поняв, что не сможет выполнить всю работу одна, она попросила меня о помощи. 12. Зная, что у меня достаточно времени, чтобы дойти до кинотеатра, я не спешил. 13. Услышав, что её сестра не может приехать к ней, Анна расстроилась. 14. Он смотрел на неё, улыбаясь. 15. Она провела всё утро за уборкой квартиры. 16. Прибыв в город, мы отправились в гостиницу. 17. Проработав в больнице более десяти лет, он стал опытным врачом. 18. Просматривая старые журналы, я нашла интересную статью о Великобритании. 19. Ожидая трамвая, я увидел старика,

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который пристально смотрел на меня. 20. Прочитав письмо, он положил его в ящик стола.

11.Present participle (after verbs of perception) In each of these situations уоu and a friend saw, heard or smelt something. This is what you said at the time:

1.Look! There's Ann! She' s waiting for а bus. 2. Look! There's Sue! She's playing tennis. 3. Look! There's Tom! Не's having а meal in that restaurant. 4. Listen! That's

Bill. Не's playing the guitar. 5. 1 can smell something! The dinner's burning! 6. Look! There' s Dave! Не's talking to Charles. 7. Listen! Jack is snoring. 8. Listen! The dog is barking. 9. Look! Kate is dancing.

Later you tell someone what you saw, heard or smelt.

We saw Ann waiting for а bus.

12.Answer these questions beginning in the way shown.

'Does Tom ever dance?' 'I’ve never seen him dance (or dancing)! '

1. 'Does Ann ever smoke?' 'I’ve never seen... 2. 'How do you know the man took the money? ' 'I saw... 3. 'Did Jack lock the door? ' 'Yes, I heard... 4. 'Did the bell ring? ' 'I’m not sure. I didn' t hear... 5. 'Does Tom ever swear (= use bad language)? ' 'I’ve never heard... 6. 'How do you know Ann can play the piano? ' 'I’ve heard... 7. 'Did Bill kick the dog?' ''Yes, I saw... 8. 'Did the bоу fall into the water?' 'I didn't see...'

13. Participle after verbs of perception.

1. Я видел, как она работала в саду. 2. Я наблюдал за тем, как механик чинил мою машину. 3. Я слышал, как она поёт в соседней комнате. 4. Я чувствую, что на кухне что-то горит. 5. Мы наблюдали, как дети играют в футбол. 6. Я видел, как он прогуливается в парке. 7. Я слышал, что она играет на пианино и не хотел прерывать её. 8. Я наблюдал за тем, как мой сын выполняет домашнее задание. 9. Я слышал, как они разговаривают в соседней комнате. 10. Увидев, что такси подъехало к дому, он взял вещи и быстро спустился вниз. 11. Я заметил, что ктото стоит у калитки.

14.You have to complete the sentences. Use the words in brackets.

We (the house/раint) at the moment.

We are having the house painted at the moment.

1. Your hair is too long. I think you should (it/cut). 2. How often (you/your car/service)? 3. The engine in ТоM’S car couldn't be repaired, so he had to (а new

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engine/fit) 4. (you/уоur newspaper (deliver) or do you go to the shop to buy it? 5. А:

What are those workmen doing in your garden? В: Oh, I (а swimming pool/build.). 6. Is it true that many years ago he (his portraiгt/раint) by а famous artist? 7. Are you going to (these shoes/repair) оr shall I throw them away? 8. I must (my glasses/mend). They keep falling off. 9. Where do you (your hair/do)? 10. (you/your hair/cut) last week?

12. Have something done.

1. Как часто вы подстригаетесь? 2. Мне необходимо срочно отремонтировать часы. 3. Нам отремонтировали дом до того, как мы уехали на юг.4. Я хочу, чтобы этот документ напечатали как можно скорее. 5. Мне только что вырвали зуб. 6. Когда вы оклеили комнату? — Неделю назад. — Сколько вам это стоило?

— 100 долларов. 7. Я не починил вчера часы, так как мастерские были закрыты.8. Вам уже побелили потолок? 9. Где вы сшили себе это платье? 10. Когда вы, наконец, настроите свой рояль? 11. Когда вам построили гараж? 12. У него вчера украли бумажник. 13. Я хочу, чтобы мне погладили костюм. 14. Вам необходимо подстричься.

SELF CHECK.

A Supply an appropriate fоrm for each verb in brackets.

1. Edward stood on the beach (look) out over the ocean. 2. Why don't you let him

(make) up his mind? 3. Jean sat on а park bench (watch) the ducks (swim) in the pond. 4. Sara is going to spend next year (study) at а university in Japan. 5. The sad expression on his face made me (feel) sorry for him. 6. I didn't know how to get to Harry's house, so I had him (draw) а map for me. 7. The little boy had а lot of trouble (convince) аnуоne that he had seen а mermaid. 8. The teacher had the class (open) their books to page 185. 9. It was а hot day and the work was hard. I could feel sweat (trickle) down my back. 10. I had the brakes of my car (repair) at Morgan' s Garage. 11. I got my roommate (help) me (prepare) for my final ехаm in physics. 12. The soldier spent an hour (polish) his boots. 13. То please my daughter, I had her old bicycle (paint) bright red. 14. Маnу people think Mr Peel will win the election. Не has

а good chance of (elect). 15. Mr Flynn is good at (tell) the difference between diamonds and cut glass. 16. I found а penny (lie) on the sidewalk. 17. I was tired, so I just watched them (play) volleyball instead of (join) them. 18. You can lead а horse to

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water, but you can't make him (drink). 19. I finally told him (be) quiet for а minute and (listen) to what I had to say. 20. You shouldn't let children (play) with matches.

B Use а non finite form of the verb in brackets and analyse it.

1.I’veе known it (happen) that way again and again.

2.Anything you саrе (give) is useful in а parish like mine.

3.When (drink) he developed an obsession of (mock) Mr. Samgrass.

4.It isn' t my business (argue) whether people are better alive or dead, or what happens to them after death.

5.What could be worse for а man who fears death than (have) а priest (bring) to him.

6.There was а pause in which Julia sighed and Brideshead drew breath as though (start) further (subdivide) the propositions.

7.At this stage the doctors had nothing (recommend) except (keep) him comfortable and (administer) certain drugs when his attacks came on.

8.She wasn' t а woman of high ambition, but (have) her expectations so much (raise), she was disconcerted (bring) so low so suddenly.

9.They thought very ill of his family for (leave) him like that.

10.And next day, (walk) through the wind-(sweep) park, she told me all about it.

11.It hurt (think) of Cordelia (grow) up quite plain; (think) of all that (burn) love (spend) itself on injections and de-lousing powder. When she arrived, tired from her journey, (move) in the manner of one who has no interest in (please), I thought her an ugly woman.

12.I don' t mind (say) there have been times in the last two years when I thought you were treating Celia а bit rough.

13.The rooms began (fill) and I was soon busy (be) civil. My wife was everywhere, (greet) and (introduce) people. I saw her (lead) friends forward one after another to the subscription list; I heard her (say): "No, darling. I am not at all surprised, but

you wouldn't expect me (be), would you? You see Charles lives for one thing — Beauty. 1 think he got bored with (find) it ready-made in England. Не wanted new worlds (conquer).

14.After luncheon the last passengers went (rest) and we were

15.(Knot) my tie before (set) out, (put) the gardenia in my buttonhole, I would plan my evening.

16.Julia was sitting in а cube of blotting paper, her hands (fold) in her lap, so still that! had passed by without (notice) her.

17.It' s nо good (have) flu.

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18.It' s rather а pleasant change when all your life you' ve had people (look) after you, (have) someone (look) after your-self, only of course it has to be someone pretty hopeless to need (look) after by me.

19.Mummy has kept (ask) for you, but I don't know if she'll be able to see you now, after all.

20.I don' t remember (hear) that your new baby was called Caroline.

21.Jean had а pot of ferns (drop) on his head by an elderly widow in Camden Town.

22.Near us, as we disembarked, а second policeman was sitting on the pavement, (daze), with his head in his hands and blood (run) through his fingers.

23.She came (burst) in before I was up.

24.I’ll see about (have) you (instruct).

25.It would be wicked (take) а step like this without (believe) sincerely.

C Translate into English using non finite forms.

1. Вы случайно не знаете, как зовут этого человека? 2.Кажется, вы были очень заняты на прошлой неделе? 3. Мы зашли слишком далеко. Обратного пути уже нет. 4. Он молчал, как будто колебался, какое решение принять.5. Я предпочёл бы не обсуждать это сейчас, если вы не возражаете. 6. Она провела весь вечер, слушая музыку. 7.Говорят, он написал ещё две пьесы. 8.Ему нечего здесь делать. 9. Нет смысла спрашивать его, он всё равно не отвечает. 10. Я потерял два часа, ожидая вас на станции. 11. Она без конца поднимала одну и ту же тему. 12. Вероятно, она займёт первое место на соревнованиях. 13. Вбежав в прихожую, она начала рассказывать, что с ней произошло. 14. Вам бы лучше не вмешиваться. Пусть они решают свои проблемы сами. 15. После перерыва они продолжали обсуждение нового законопроекта. 16. Она почувствовала, что вся заливается краской. 17. Почему бы не позвонить ему сейчас? 18. Тебе повезло, что ты не застал его дома. 19. Она была в шоке и не знала, что ответить. 20. Он не тот человек, с которым можно пойти на компромисс 21. Услышав это, он повернулся и вышел, хлопнув дверью. 22. Вместо того чтобы ответить, он стал сам задавать вопросы. 23. Ей ничего не оставалось делать, кроме как ответить тем же. 24.Он вряд ли поймёт наше молчание. 25. Он почувствовал, как кто-то схватил его за руку.

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Unit 3. Sentence structure: simple, compound and complex sentences.

1.Read through this newspaper report and find :

1)a simple sentence

2)а complex sentence with two conjunctions

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2. Using verbs and conjunctions from the newspaper report above, complete this summary.

English teacher Guy Harvold, 24, saved the lives of 30 students on а bus from Gatwick to Bournemouth (1)____________ the driver (2) ____________ а heart attack. The bus went out of control. It (3) ____________ trees, а barrier and а lamp post (4) ____________. Harvold could stop it. The driver (5) ____________,

(6)____________ nо-one else (7) ____________ hurt. Harvold, who hasn't passed his driving test, was (8) ____________ by police (9) ____________ was (10)

____________ free driving lessons bу а local driving school.

Noun clauses.

A noun clause is a clause we can use like a noun or noun phrase as the object of a verb. We can introduce noun clause with that or what.