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Exercise 10. Match the English clichés with their Russian equivalents. Which of them can be used in the introduction, the body or the conclusion of an abstract for communication?

Exercise 11. Read the abstract for communication and fill in the gaps with the clichés below the passage. Give their Russian equivalents.

(1) ___________________ of the implementation of Information Technologies (IT) on transport in some EU countries (2) ___________________ similar processes in the transportation industry of the Russian Federation.

(3) ___________________ of the development of high-speed rail transportation in our country within the Strategy for Developing Rail Transport to 2030 is (4) ___________________: to develop technical rules and national standards oriented to positive global experience in highspeed railway management and construction. Some positive experience in the development of IT of the DLR (UK), the SNCF (France), the Deutsche Bahn (Germany)

(5) ___________________.

The Docklands Light Railway (DLR) is an automated light metro or light rail system opened in 1987 to serve the redeveloped Docklands area of London. The DLR trains are monitored by a central computer, which compares the position of each vehicle with a stored schedule. All DLR trains are equipped with Automatic Train Protection (ATP) systems. Each train runs within its own safety zone that no other train can enter. ATP also regulates the maximum speed at which trains may operate.

(6)___________________, the SNCF – a France’s national state-owned railway company – uses Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) system. This railway signalling system establishes communication between the track equipment on a train with the traffic management and infrastructure control centre to define the location of a train.

(7)___________________, a cab signalling and train protection system – the LZB – is used in Germany. It is also applied for Austrian and Spanish railway lines.

(8)___________________ there are automatic systems which include not only technological,

but also human and organizational components in railway traffic supervision,

(9)___________________ modern automatic train supervision systems (ATS).

a.will be considered further

b.Among the major tasks

c.The analysis of the problem

d.the following

e.help to improve

f.Finally

g.In conclusion it should be noted that

h.Alternatively

i.for example

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Exercise 3. Give appropriate translation to the sayings. Remember four of them:

1.A nation's treasure is its scholars.

2.Experience is a hard teacher because she gives the test first, the lesson after.

3.A book gives knowledge, but it is life that gives understanding.

4.Science is a cemetery of dead ideas (Miguel de Unamuno).

5.Research is what I'm doing when I don't know what I'm doing (Wernher Von Braun).

Exercise 4*. Make up a small sayings-based dialogue.

Exercise 5. Listen to the numbers and quantities. Then read them in pairs.

Lead-in

Exercise 6. Discuss the following questions.

1.Why do presenters use visual aids?

2.What types of visuals can you name? What visuals have you used?

3.What computer programmes will help you to create visuals?

Exercise 7. Look at the visuals. What are they called in English? Match the pictures with the definitions.

Exercise 9. Study the graph. Read the description and fill in the gaps:

Trends in GDP & Air Cargo growth rates

(1)_____________________. (2) _____________________ trends in GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and Air Cargo growth rates.

(3) __________________________________the rates of GDP, domestic cargo and international freight respectively.

(4)__________________________________. (5)_____________________, the slowdown in cargo seems to be preceding the slowdown of the economic growth. That is why air cargo sector is known to be the barometer of the economic health of a country.

(6) ______________________________ India’s GDP at constant prices has almost quadrupled in the last two decades. (7) _________________________ of 5.6% in the 1990s

(8) _________________________ of 7.7% in the first decade of 2000, the growth journey has excited many investors both in India and abroad. The latter part of 2000s particularly in the period 2008-09 to 2010-11 recorded (9) ________________ of 8.3%.

(10) ________________ in 2011-12 is expected to be temporary as the fundamentals of Indian economy are evaluated to be strong with high investment rate of 36% and growing domestic demand. Analysts forecast the Indian GDP to be growing at 7.5% in 2012 and at 8.1% subsequently till 2016.

a.If you look at the lines more closely, you'll notice that

b.The graph shows

c.Let’s now look at the next slide

d.I'd like you to focus your attention on the significance of these figures here.

e.The current slowdown

f.As you can see,

g.From a slower average annual growth rate …

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h.to a moderately faster average annual growth rate…

i.The blue, red and green lines on the graph indicate

j.an average annual growth

Exercise 10. Listen to the report about the use of plastics and complete the chart.

UK consumption of plastics by type

Exercise 11. Listen again. Which clichés does the speaker use to explain the pie-chart? Exercise 12. Read the interview given below and answer the questions:

1.What numbers are mentioned by the speaker?

2.What visual aid does the speaker use to illustrate his findings?

3.What clichés does he use while speaking?

Interviewer: Many scientists advise us to get out of our cars if we want to help reduce global warming. Could you explain us the situation in the U.S.?

Reporter: Take a look at this table. Here you can see the rising environmental cost of driving alone in the U.S. The first line shows that transportation accounts for more than 30 percent of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions. The next two lines give us figures according to the American Public Transportation Association. As you can see, public transportation saves approximately 1.4 billion gallons of gasoline and about 1.5 million tons of carbon dioxide annually. And the last line explains that 88 percent of all trips in the United States are made by car – and many of those

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cars carry only one person! I'd like you to focus your attention to the fact that only 14 million Americans use public transportation daily. I think the conclusion to be drawn from this table is clear to us.

Interviewer: And how can public transportation help us to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

Reporter: Please look at this chart. It represents some benefits of public transportation. I’d like to point out some interesting details. If one in ten Americans used public transportation daily, U.S. reliance on foreign oil would decrease 40 %. Riding a train is 79 times safer than riding in an automobile. People who use public transportation regularly tend to be 50 % healthier than people who don’t. And finally, families that use public transportation can reduce their household expenses by $6,200 annually.

Interviewer: That’s interesting. But which mode of transport is most efficient?

Reporter: Take a look at this slide. This picture gives us some information about public transportation system in the U.S. Train systems are the most efficient in many ways, typically emitting less carbon and using less fuel per passenger than buses, but they are often more expensive to implement. Also, the traditional advantages of trains can be mitigated to a large extent by using hybrids or buses that run on natural gas. Another promising alternative is bus rapid transit, which runs extralong buses in dedicated lanes.

I'm sure the results of my presentation are obvious. If you live in an area with good public transportation, do something good for the planet today. Park your car, and take the subway or the bus.

Exercise 13. Read the interview again and draw the table illustrating the interviewer’s findings. Describe it to your partner.

Exercise 14. Think about your project. What visuals can you use to support your ideas? Write a short description for one of them. Useful expressions in Appendix 7 may help.

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Unit 3. PRESENTING A PROJECT

When a doctor doctors a doctor, does the doctor doing the doctoring doctor as the doctor being doctored wants to be doctored or does the doctor doing the doctoring doctor as he wants to doctor?

Exercise 3. Give appropriate translation to the sayings and remember them:

1.Better to ask a question than to remain ignorant.

2.Questioning is the door of knowledge.

3.The scientist is not a person who gives the right answers, he's one who asks the right questions.

4.Knowledge is like a garden: if it is not cultivated, it cannot be harvested.

5.Nothing is more dangerous than the combination of ignorance and enthusiasm.

Exercise 4*. Make up a small sayings-based dialogue.

Exercise 5. a) Read out the numbers. Then listen and check.

Exercise 6. Listen and write down the currency you hear.

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Lead-in

Exercise 7. Look at the extracts below. Which one is a conference report? Explain your choice.

A.Can I have your attention, please? Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.

Let me introduce myself. My name is Dmitry Bodrov and I am the Head of Economics Department in ABC Company.

My presentation is devoted to my project in macroeconomics. It deals with the problem of creation of Financial-Industrial Groups – in my presentation I will use the abbreviation FIGs – in Russia.

The project in general discloses the present state and prospects of FIGs in this country. It has three chapters. Chapter one deals with the theoretical issues of FIGs.

B.RAY LAHOOD: The day will come when you can see travel from Los Angeles to San Francisco in under three hours going 220 miles per hour.

JOHN RISCH: Yes, in California alone, it is estimated that 160,000 construction jobs would be created just to build those two high-speed rail corridors.

STEVE KULM: There is a difference between, you know, high-speed in Europe and Asia and highspeed in America. In Europe and Asia, they are dedicated tracks where only high-speed trains operate on. Here in America, our passenger trains share tracks with slower freight trains.

C.On behalf of the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry, I am honored to be the guest speaker and inducting officer for this year’s induction of officers and board of directors of the Distribution

Management Association of the Philippines.

With the aid of your competent leaders, I look forward to your association’s continuing efforts to provide dependable education, innovation, and service to your members. Rest assured that you can count on PCCI’s support in our mutual commitment and goal of attaining sustainable growth and development for our nation.

Exercise 8. Discuss the following questions.

1.What skills does a speaker need to prepare a good presentation?

2.What techniques may you use to be impressive and persuasive?

3.What makes a speaker less nervous while preparing a project or conference speech?

Exercise 9. Read the English clichés. Match them with their Russian equivalents below the table. What stages of a presentation do they refer to:

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