ИГПЗС учебный год 2023 / Civil war (main battles)

The Civil War began April 12, 1861 – it was Battle of Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, which, after a 34-hour bombardment was forced to surrender. In response, Lincoln declared the southern states in rebellion, declared a naval blockade of the coast, called in the army of volunteers, and later entered military service.

The first major battle took place in Virginia at the railway station of Manassas July 21, 1861, when a poorly trained army of northerners by clicking the stream Bull Run, attacked Confederative army, but were forced to start the retreat turned into rout.

In February-April 1862 Army Gen. William C. Grant, capturing several forts, ousted from southern Kentucky, and after hard-won victory at Shiloh cleared them of Tennessee. By the summer, Missouri was released, and the troops of Grant went to northern Mississippi and Alabama.

The first period of the war was good for the southerners. Union troops had carried out several operations, which, for the most part, failed due to brilliant actions of General Lee, who was one of the greatest commanders of this war. Because of the constant failures, there have been many times removals of incompetent generals and the appointment of new ones.

Campaign 1863 was a turning point in the war, although its beginning was a failure for the northerners. Having yet another brilliant victory at the Battle of Chancellorsville, General Lee decided to take a decisive offensive against the north, smash the Union army in a decisive battle to the enemy, and to propose a peace treaty. The decisive battle was in July 1-3 1863 at the small town of Gettysburg. The battle was very hard and bloody. Southerners sought to achieve a success, but the northerners, the first time defending their homeland, have shown exceptional courage and fortitude. As a result, the south troops retreated after suffering heavy losses.

During 1864-1865 Sherman and Grant, talented generals of armies of the Union, made several successful attacks on enemy territory. Southerners were defeated in the Battle of Atlanta, by the siege of Petersberg, as well as the Battle of the Five-Fox.

The battle took place May 12-13 1865 at the Palmityl ranch - the last battle of the Civil War (won, however, by the Southerners). The surrender of the remaining parts of the Confederate Army continued until the end of June. The last of the CSA generals capitulated was Stand Watie with their Indian units. This happened on June 23.

During the Civil War battles were first used machine guns, barbed wire, combat tactics of the extended order. There also was the first battle of ironclads near the coast of Virginia.