ИГПЗС учебный год 2023 / Civil_War_Main_battles

The Civil War began on the 12^th of April in 1861 with the Battle of Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, and, after a 34-hour bombardment, Fort Sumter was forced to surrender. In response, Lincoln declared the southern states in rebellion, gathered an army of volunteers and imposed a naval blockade.

The first major battle took place in Virginia at the railway station of Manassas July 21, 1861, when a poorly trained army of northerners by clicking the stream Bull Run, attacked Confederative army, but were forced to retreat.

In February-April 1862 General William Grant, capturing several forts, won a battle at Shiloh and then cleared Tennessee of southerners. By the summer Missouri was released, and the troops of Grant moved on to northern Mississippi and Alabama.

The first period of the war was good for the southerners. Union troops lost several battles due to the brilliant skills of General Lee, who was one of the greatest commanders of this war. Because of the constant failures, many northern generals were replaced by new ones.

Campaign of the 1863 was a turning point in the war, although its beginning was a failure for the northerners. After a victory at the Battle of Chancellorsville, General Lee decided to smash the Union army and to propose a peace treaty. The decisive battle took place in July 1-3 1863 in the small town of Gettysburg. The battle was very bloody. Southerners were quite resourceful, but the northerners, for the first time defending their homeland, have shown exceptional courage and fortitude. As a result, the south suffered great losses and retreated/ 

During 1864-1865 Sherman and Grant, talented generals of the Union army, made several successful attacks on the territory of the South. Southerners were defeated at the Battle of Atlanta, and at the Battle of the Five-Fox.

The last battle of the Civil war took place May 12-13 1865 at the Palmityl ranch (won, however, by the Southerners). Nevertheless, the surrender of the remaining parts of the Confederate Army continued until the end of June. The last of the CSA generals that capitulated was Stand Watie with his Indian units. This happened on June 23.

During the Civil War were used for the 1^st time machine guns, barbed wire, and combat tactics of the extended order. There was also the first battle, where were used ironclads, near the coast of Virginia.