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STUDY OF THE FRENCH LAW OF SECURITY INTERESTS ON

MOVABLES

Hanna Chalhoub

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the

COLLEGE OF LAW, INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND BUSINESS LAW PROGRAM

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree of

MASTER OF LAWS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW

THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA

2 0 0 9

[Non-copyrighted thesis]

STATEMENT BY AUTHOR

This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the International Trade and Business Law Program to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Program.

Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the Director of the International Trade Law Program when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author.

SIGNED: ________________________________

APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR

This thesis has been approved on the date shown below:

_________________________________ _________________________

Boris Kozolchyk Date Evo de Concini Professor of Law

Acknowledgments

To those who have made this thesis possible:

especially my friend and old classmate Micheline Mouawad for her generous assistance with materials and sources; Marek Dubovec whose advice and criticism have been invaluable, and Djurdja Lazic for her insight and comments.

Dedication

To my Professor Boris Kozolchyk from whom I learned valuable subjects in business and comparative law; and my parents, Gloria and Malek Chalhoub for their care, enthusiasm and support.

-- Hanna Chalhoub

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................				3
DEDICATION...............................................................................................................................				4
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .......................................................................................................				8
PRELIMINARY NOTE, TERMS & ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................				11
ABSTRACT			.................................................................................................................................	12
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................				13
CHAPTER 1: PLEDGE OF CORPOREAL MOVABLES (GAGE DE MEUBLES
CORPORELS)..............................................................................................................................				17
I. THE POSSESSORY PLEDGES (GAGES AVEC DÉPOSSESSION )...................................................				18
A.	The general possessory pledge.......................................................................................			19
	a.		Creation.............................................................................................................................................	19
	b.		Perfection ..........................................................................................................................................	19
B.	The special possessory pledges ......................................................................................			21
	1.	The Commercial Pledge .....................................................................................................		21
	a.		Creation and perfection.....................................................................................................................	21
	2.	Pledge of Motor Vehicles ...................................................................................................		22
	a.		Creation and Perfection ....................................................................................................................	22
	b.		The issue of prohibition of successive pledges on the same vehicle ..................................................	23
II.	NON-POSSESSORY PLEDGE ..............................................................................................			23
A.	The general non-possessory pledge ...............................................................................			25
	a.		Creation.............................................................................................................................................	25
	b.		Perfection ..........................................................................................................................................	25
		i.	Paper filing: ..................................................................................................................................	26
		ii.	Electronic filing ............................................................................................................................	28
	c.		Modification of the registration.........................................................................................................	30
	d.		Order of priorities .............................................................................................................................	31
	e.		Deletion of the registration ...............................................................................................................	33
	f.		Rejection of the request of registration, modification or cancellation ..............................................	34

B.	The non-possessory pledge of stocks..............................................................................		34
	a.	Creation.............................................................................................................................................	35
	a.	Perfection ..........................................................................................................................................	36
	i.	Paper filing ...................................................................................................................................	36
	ii.	Electronic filing ............................................................................................................................	38
	b. Modification of the registration.........................................................................................................		38
	c. Cancellation or deletion of the registration ......................................................................................		39
	d. Rejection of the request of registration, modification or cancellation ..............................................		39
	e. Reduction of the stocks’ value ...........................................................................................................		39
CHAPTER 2: PLEDGE OF INCORPOREAL MOVABLES (NANTISSEMENT DE
MEUBLES INCORPORELS) .....................................................................................................			41
I. PLEDGE OF INCORPOREAL MOVABLES OTHER THAN RECEIVABLES......................................			42
II.	PLEDGE ATTACHED TO AN ACCOUNT ...............................................................................		42
	a.	Scope .................................................................................................................................................	44
	b.	Creation.............................................................................................................................................	45
	c.	Perfection ..........................................................................................................................................	45
III.	PLEDGE OF RECEIVABLES ................................................................................................		46
	a.	Scope .................................................................................................................................................	48
	b.	Creation.............................................................................................................................................	48
	c.	Perfection ..........................................................................................................................................	49
IV.	COMPARISON OF THE PLEDGE OF RECEIVABLES WITH SIMILAR DEVICES..........................		50
1)	The assignment of receivables of the general law (du droit commun)...........................		50
2)	Distinction with the delegation of receivables ...............................................................		51
3)	The assignment of receivables as a security (cession de créance à titre de garantie) ..		51
A.	The fiducie .........................................................................................................................		57
	a.	Scope of application ..........................................................................................................................	58
	b.	Creation.............................................................................................................................................	59
	c.	Perfection ..........................................................................................................................................	60
	d.	Effects ................................................................................................................................................	62
	e.	The rechargeable fiducie...................................................................................................................	62
B. The assignment Dailly as a security interest........................................................................			63
	a.	Scope of application ..........................................................................................................................	64

b.	Creation of the advice note bordereau ..............................................................................................	65
c.	Perfection ..........................................................................................................................................	66
d.	Priority of creditors...........................................................................................................................	67

2.1Comparative chart between the types of assignment of receivables under the French law:

Dailly and the Fiducie ................................................................................................................		68
CHAPTER 3: RETENTION OF TITLE AS A SECURITY ..................................................		69
a.	Scope of application ..........................................................................................................................	70
b.	Creation.............................................................................................................................................	73
c.	Perfection ..........................................................................................................................................	74
d. Priority of creditors and effects.........................................................................................................		76
CHAPTER 4: ORDER OF PRIORITIES OF THE PRIVILEGES AND SECURITY
INTERESTS ON MOVABLES .................................................................................................		79
CONCLUSION ...........................................................................................................................		85
APPENDIX A ..............................................................................................................................		86
APPENDIX B ..............................................................................................................................		91
APPENDIX C ..............................................................................................................................		94

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
Statutes
Civil Code......................................................................................................................................	passim
Article 566 C. civ. .................................................................................................................................	76
Article 2011 C. civ. ...............................................................................................................................	58
Article 2019 C. civ ..........................................................................................................................	61, 62
Article 2020 C. civ. ...............................................................................................................................	60
Old Art. 2071 C. civ. .............................................................................................................................	14
Old Art. 2072 C. civ. .............................................................................................................................	14
Old Art. 2073 C. civ. .............................................................................................................................	14
Article 2076 C. civ. ...............................................................................................................................	18
Article 2280 C. civ. ...............................................................................................................................	77
Article 2329 C. civ ................................................................................................................................	16
Article 2329 C.civ. ................................................................................................................................	17
Article 2331 C. civ. ...............................................................................................................................	16
Article 2332 C. civ ................................................................................................................................	16
Article 2332-1 C. civ. ............................................................................................................................	17
Article 2333 C. civ. ...............................................................................................................................	18
Article 2355 para. 1 C. civ. ....................................................................................................................	18
Article 2367 C. civ. ...............................................................................................................................	69
Article 2368 C.civ. .....................................................................................................................	73, 74, 75
Article 2372 C. civ. ...............................................................................................................................	70
Article 2372 C.civ. ................................................................................................................................	78
Article 2372-1 C. civ. ......................................................................................................................	56, 62
Article 2372-2 C. civ. ......................................................................................................................	59, 62

Article 2372-3 para. 2 C. civ..................................................................................................................	61
Article 2372-5 C. civ. ............................................................................................................................	62
Article 2372-6 C. civ. ............................................................................................................................	59
Articles 2011 to 2030 C. civ. .................................................................................................................	56
Articles 2075 and 2078 C. civ................................................................................................................	55
Articles 2279 and 2280 C. civ................................................................................................................	77
Articles 2330 to 2332 C. civ. .................................................................................................................	16
Articles 2330 to 2332-3 C. civ. ..............................................................................................................	16
Articles 2332-1 to 2332-3 C. civ. ...........................................................................................................	17
Articles 2336 and 2356 C.civ.................................................................................................................	74
Article 24 of the law “for the confidence and moder nization of the economy” ........................................	15
Monetary and Financial Code .........................................................................................................	passim
Article L. 313-23 C. mon.fin..................................................................................................................	64
Article L. 313-24 C.mon.fin. .................................................................................................................	63
Article. L. 313-28 C. mon. fin................................................................................................................	66
Articles L. 313-23 to L. 313-34 C.mon.fin. ......................................................................................	65, 66
Commercial Code.................................................................................................................	12, 14, 16, 79
Article L. 624-16 C. com. ......................................................................................................................	73
Article L. 624-18 C. com. ......................................................................................................................	78
Article L. 632-1 C. com...................................................................................................................	60, 75
Article L. 624-10 C. com. ......................................................................................................................	75
Article R. 624-15 C. com.......................................................................................................................	75
Book IV of the Civil Code ..........................................................................................................	14, 15, 16
Code of Intellectual Property .................................................................................................................	14
Decree of October 21, 1994 ...................................................................................................................	75

Law. n° 2005-842 ..................................................................................................................................	15
Law n° 2007-211 .............................................................................................................................	57, 58
Law of February 19, 2007......................................................................................................................	56
Law n° 2008-776 .............................................................................................................................	58, 60
Law of August 4, 2008 ..........................................................................................................................	58
Order n° 2006-346 .........................................................................................................................	passim
Order of January 30, 2009 .....................................................................................................................	56

Cases
Cass. com., 19 déc. 2006.......................................................................................................................	53
Cass. com., May 29, 2001......................................................................................................................	71
Cass. com., Nov. 22, 2005 .....................................................................................................................	63

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