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106.Japan’s prime minister, is said to have taken bribes in return for favours to Nomura, Japan’s biggest securities firm.

107.U.S. officials were said to consider that uncertainty was bound to continue unless some drastic measures were taken.

108.Kyoto, the ancient capital of Japan, may be said to have been the birthplace of the first properly organized attempt at a general system of academic instruction in Japan.

109.In matters of sleaze and waste, the EU parliament is commonly said to possess within its own ranks a concentration of practical expertise rivaling any on earth.

110.The Secretary of State was said to have demanded written ground rules laying out foreign policy authority in the administration.

111.The meeting which was said to have lasted several hours on Thursday night, was confirmed Saturday. However, little more than the fact that it had taken place was revealed in the apparently coordinated statements provided by foreign policy spokesmen in the three countries involved.

112.Turkey’s rulers were said to fear that expulsion from the Council of Europe might make it more difficult to obtain necessary economic credits and aid.

113.The Titan 4A rocket was said to be carrying an eavesdropping satellite that would have listened in on military and government communications over the Middle East, India, Pakistan and China.

114.There are said to be indications that unless “new information” is obtained, the proof is unlikely to uncover sufficient evidence for legal action.

115.The police arrested a man who is stated to have been trying to sell the miniature and is said to have confessed to having stolen it. He is slated to have kept it for more than two years in the hope that the theft would be forgotten.

116.His detention without trial is claimed to have been a violation of the European Convention of Human Rights.

117.The experts were felt to have little hope of reducing the differences even if an attempt were made to bring the two parties together.

118.Mexico’s worst mine disaster, which is feared to have killed 177 men, claimed another victim today when a distraught relative of a trapped miner ran into the gas-filled pit.

119.The warnings are now shown to have been fully justified: thousands of workers will get the sack.

120.When the Bill reaches Tory peers next week they will either reject it or amend it in a manner certain to be unacceptable to the Government.

121.The German Chancellor is known to feel that Germany has maintained a high level of security spending while many smaller European governments are cutting back their security contributions.

122.The shadow cabinet, most of it strongly opposed to the Brighton decisions, is certain to be granted full weight for its views, and backbenchers will be

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invited to serve on the sub-committees of the inquiry dealing with the various fields it is investigating.

123.Previously, scholars had believed that the forbidding interior of Chukotka was uninhabited in those ancient times. Chukotka, the area directly across the Bering Strait from Alaska, was found to have a number of sites in its interior which were excavated by the Russian archaeologists. They found a wealth of different types of stone tools and weapons at the sites, including arrowheads, knives and scrapers.

124.It was unbearable to hear this man speak of friendship with Britain as if nothing of importance had happened.

125.About 1 million farmers flooded the capital to hear the prime minister caution them against pressing for more government aid at the expense of the rest of the country.

126.Some Western officials expected the toughest negotiations on distribution of powers to be left until the very end of the talks.

127.The Premier said he expected other delegations to support the draft resolution before it was debated and voted upon in the General Assembly.

128.The analysts expect the next government in Turkey to continue policy reforms and drive down real interest rates.

129.The rapidity with which people are arming themselves with tear gas worries a number of law enforcement officials. Some officials say that they expect the disabling spray to be used increasingly by criminals bent on robbery, rape or assault.

130.At the opening, OPEC’s public information director told the journalists: “We don’t want to manipulate you, but we need you, the media, to help us get our message across to the man in the street”.

131.A private fund-raising group headed by close friends of the new President may disband following a published report that it used “strong-arm tactics” to get corporations to contribute $50,000 each for a televised gala featuring the President.

132.The crisis is hitting Western Europe several months later than the United States. This will react on the U.S. economy. It will tend to cause the crisis and depression to go deeper and last longer than most economists expect.

133.The United Nations General Assembly, defeating all Western opposition,

declared the use of nuclear weapons to be a direct violation of the U.N. Charter.

134.The Spanish prime minister wants Spain to throw off the sense of inferiority caused by its past century’s history, and not least by the Franco period.

135.The President now says he wants negotiations on trade to open markets in once off-limits areas including services, manufacturing and farming.

136.The prime minister says that he wants Britain to emerge from the fringes and play a leading role in the European Union.

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137.It seems that the Right Wing in the Labour and trade union movement is not prepared to consider anyone who disagrees with them a human being.

138.In a document released today a Harvard University Professor discloses that studies he made in one medium-sized U.S. city showed mayors, police chiefs and other officials to have been on a gambling syndicate’s payroll for many years.

139.An association of lawyers says that many owners prefer their own property rather than nearby land to be swallowed by a motorway.

140.Polls repeatedly show that many Britons believe the EU to be remote and democratically unaccountable.

141.Time and again the Prime Minister has assured them that the Government doesn’t want to hinder the making of profits. He has done his damnedest to get the trade unions to agree to wage restraint, which would put still more profits into the pockets of the employers.

142.The Prime Minister has decided to get the Cabinet to make an earlier than expected decision on the budget.

143.Public opinion compelled the Government to get the German leaders to arrive at a settlement.

144.The issue is how to make the institutions of democracy work properly, not whether they should exist. Trade barriers are being pulled down, internal markets freed, state industries and services privatized.

145.The report calls for the monarchy in the UK to become professional and accountable.

146.Classification of political systems allows for qualitative judgements to be made in relation to political structures and governmental forms.

147.A National Security Council official said last week that “the NATO theologians are codifying fresh visions for their favorite organization, and the spin doctors see colossal opportunities for the president to bestride TV screens”.

148.“Whilst we read the report with interest, any issues of constitutional reform would be a matter for Parliament to decide”.

149.The United States and Britain on Friday set a month-long deadline for Libya to surrender two suspects wanted for the 1988 Lockerbie bombing.

150.For the reform forces to pull off a majority on council, all their incumbents will have to hang onto their seats.

151.Mr. Tao says it would be “technically feasible” for the Hong Kong government to declare overnight that all Hong Kong dollars held in banks and in circulation would be converted into US dollars.

152.To say that the wages fight is not the only issue, or that higher pay will not on its own solve the crisis, only emphasizes the need for unions like the engineers’ to get stuck into the all-round fight for the alternative strategy now developed within the movement.

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153.The President was closeted in the White House today preparing his so called “Economic Renewal” package, as pressure from unemployed millions across the nation continues to build for federal action to provide jobs.

154.Chips are harder for hackers to modify than software.

155.Elitists highlight the tendency for political power to be concentrated in the hands of a priviliged minority.

156.In Japan, the ultimate way for a student to repay his teacher is to beat him at his own game. And having learned so well from the West, it is flattering to the Japanese to be told that the West may now have something to learn from them.

157.For Europe to drive forward it needs leadership.

158.For Egypt to get anywhere near its growth target, it will have to persuade Egyptians to save and foreigners to invest.

159.The rise of homeless emphasizes the desperate need for the Government to fulfil its pledge to meet the problem with a lower rate of interest for housing.

160.Although the Minister of Health yesterday did not accept the conditions described as typical, the revelations made it hard for reassuring phrases like “best in the world” and “tremendous step forward” to avoid having a slightly hollow ring.

161.In these circumstances the party leaders had no plan for the Prime Minister to make a unity appeal when he attends today’s party meeting.

162.An Atomic Energy Authority spokesman said it was not unusual for one or two reactors to be shut down at weekends under normal conditions. But in view of possible staff shortages it had been decided to close down three.

163.And having made this guess, he thought it completely in order for an MP to announce it, as if it were a hard fact provided by a government official.

164.There is too much slackness in many key industries. Too many employers complain of short order books and too many firms give notice of redundancy for there to be any complacency among trade unionists.

165.A first group of more than 50 immigrants was freed from detention centers in Sicily yesterday, hundreds more to follow in the next few days.

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СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

1.Гуманова, Ю. Л. Английский для юристов. Just English / Ю. Л. Гуманова, В. А. Королева, М. Л. Свешникова, Е. В. Тихомирова. – М. : Ассоциация «Гуманитарное знание», «Теис», 1996.

2.Гуськова, Т. И. Трудности перевода общественно-политического текста с английского языка на русский / Т. И. Гуськова, Г. М. Зиборова. – М. : РОССПЭН, 2000.

3.Тенсон И. А. Habits and ways in Great Britain and the United States /

И. А. Тенсон, Р. А. Войтова. – М. : Международные отношения, 1978.

4.Трибунская, В. Н. Учебное пособие по переводу текстов общественнополитического содержания / В. Н. Трибунская. – М. : МГИМОУниверситет, 2007.

5.Smith, Tricia. Business Law / Tricia Smith. – Longman : Pearson Education Limited, 2003.

6.Blanke, H.-J. Theteaty of European Union (TEU). A Commentary / H.-J. Blanke, St. Mangiamely. – Longman : Pearson Education Limited, 2005.

7.European Administrative Law in Constitutional Treaty. – Oxford, 2007.

8.Trybus M. The Treaty of Lisbon and the future of European Law and Policy / M. Trybus, L. Rubini, Ed. Elgar. – Longman : Pearson Education Limited, 2008.

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CONTENTS

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ………………………………………………………………………………………… 3

PART I. EUROPEAN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS……………………………………..…. 4

Topical Vocabulary……………………………….………………………………….…………………… 4 Unit 1. The royal family…………………………………………………………………………………………… 4

Unit 2. The system of government in Great Britain………………………………..………………. 7 Unit 3. Elections in Great Britain…………………………………………………………….………… 11 Unit 4. The European institutions and bodies………………………………………………………… 16 Unit 5. The European Parliament………………………………………………………………….…… 18 Unit 6. Fundamental human rights……………………………………………………………………… 19

SUPPLEMENTARY READING…………………………………………………………………….… 26

PART II. THE EUROPEAN JUDICIAL SYSTEM

AND THE LAW-MAKING PROCESS…………………………………………………………… 31

Topical Vocabulary………………………………………………………………………………………… 31

Unit 1. The legal system of the UK…………………………………………………………….……… 32 Unit 2. The European Union legal system……………………………………………………….…… 33 Unit 3. Making new laws in Great Britain: Bills and Acts………………………………………… 35 Unit 4. The law-making process in the European Union…………………………………………… 37 Unit 5. The European judicial bodies……………………………………………………….…………. 40

SUPPLEMENTARY READING……………………………………………………………….……… 43

PART III. GLOBAL ECONOMIC TRENDS…………………………………………….……… 49

Topical Vocabulary…………………………………………………………………………………..…… 49

Unit 1. A common European market…………………………………………………………………… 50

Unit 2. Global communication……………………………………………………………………..…… 52

Unit 3. International marketing………………………………………………………………….……… 53

Unit 4. Jobs and careers………………………………………………………………………….……….. 54 Unit 5. Management styles………………………………………………………………………..……… 55 Unit 6. Fraud and corruption………………………………………………………………………….…. 56 Unit 7. E-commerce……………………………………………………………………………………… 57

SUPPLEMENTARY READING…………………………………………………………………..…… 60

SUPPLEMENTARY READING FOR RENDERING……………………………….…………… 63

СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ………………………………..………… 94

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