Портфолио по дисциплине Лексикология

Модуль 5

ТЕСТОВЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Task I. Classify the given words into:

homonyms proper band (n) - band (nO), fall (n) - fall (v), base (n) - base (v)

homophones made (Adj) - maid (n), week (n) -- weak (adj), bread (n) - bred (adj), sum (n) - some (pron), hare (n) - hair (n)

homographs row (n) - row (n), seal (n) – seal, tear (v) - tear (n), wind (n) - wind (v), desert (v) - desert (n), sewer (n) - sewer (n)

Made (Adj) - maid (n), row (n) - row (n), week (n) -- weak (adj), seal (n) - seal (n), tear (v) - tear (n), bread (n) - bred (adj), band (n) - band (nO), sum

(n) - some (pron), fall (n) - fall (v), wind (n) - wind (v), base (n) - base (v), desert

(v) - desert (n), hare (n) - hair (n), sewer (n) - sewer (n)

Task II. Give antonyms to the following words:

ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Task I, Point out the synonymous words in the contexts and explain the difference between them. Use an explanatory dictionary or a dictionary of synonyms if necessary.

I tried not to bore you with my love (stronger and deeper feeling than affection, which is the part of love); I knew I couldn't afford to do that and I was always on the lookout for the first sign that you were impatient with my affection

(can exist without love and not so deep feeling as love, it’s the first step towards love) (W.S. Maugham).

I butted (by head) one cop (informal) in the behind, with all my might I dragged on one of his legs. “Get that kid out of here,” one of them said, and somebody tried to grab me, but I kicked (in general) and bit again. I tumbled headlong down the steps and grabbed the policeman's (formal) leg again (J. Baldwin).

I understood then why I had been attracted by him. I had thought he reminded me of Beau because of a faint resemblance which I had thought was merely that of one dandy for another. I thought of the button I had found in Ender by Hall; the lingering odour (bad smell) of musk. Eleau's son, of course, who perhaps had been wearing a coat with gold buttons which had belonged to

his father - who had been brought up with a taste for the musk scent (good smell) (Ph. Carr).

She thought about it. “I could hardly give you all that money (neutral) for something that doesn't belong to you, ’’she said, and smiled. "Please give them to me. Please, Philip. Leila ought to have them back.” “For how much dough (slang) ?” (R. Chandler).

She is the kind of woman who doesn't mind if she looks plain, or odd; I don't suppose she would even care if she knew how strange she looks when her whole face is out of proportion with urgent uncertainty (N. Gordimer).

Task II. Fill in the blanks in these proverbs and sayings with suitable antonyms.

If youth but knew, if age but could.

Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet. East or West, home is best.

Better a lean peace than a fat victory.

The morning to the mountain, the evening to the fountain. A light purse is a heavy curse.

To cry with one eye and laugh with the other. Good fame sleeps, bad fame creeps.

Nothing seek, nothing find.

An old dog will learn no new tricks. Time passes away, but sayings ....

Nothing is secret, that shall not be made manifest. Love is blind as well as hatred

Better a live ass than a dead lion.

If my aunt had been a man, she'd have been my uncle The faire the paper, the fouler the blot.

To know everything is to know nothing Art is long, life is short.

As a man sows, so he shall reap To go through thick and thin

Better an egg today than a hen tomorrow Be slow to promise and quick to perform. False friends are worse than open enemies. Little strokes fell great oaks.

Like teacher, like puipl.

A good beginning makes a good ending

Task III. Give derivational antonyms to the following:

Task IV. Point out the homonyms:

1. In a few moments, he had frantically excavated a hole into which he could insert his head and shoulders (W. Morris). He could create whole worlds with one hand (So Sheldon).

2. I had been trying to identify the sensation, and thought it was like the sudden lull in a heavy wind which has been beating against the trees and the windows for hours, and then stops (Sh. Jackson). I merely said I had been called to New York to wind up some details of my financial settlement with the Harrises and told him I would call him by long distance every night (J.M. Cain).

Модуль 6

ТЕСТОВЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Task I. Fill in the gaps in the following definitions:

1. Word groups consisting of two or more words whose combination is integrated as a unit with a specialized meaning of the whole are called phraseological unit

2.The semantic criterion is of great help in stating the semantic difference/similarity between free word-groups and phraseological units and between phraseological units and words.

3.The actual meaning of a phraseological unit is figurative

4.The characteristic features of phraseological units are ready-made reproduction, structural divisibility, morphological stability, permanence of lexical composition, semantic unity, syntactic fixity

5.Phraseological units can be divided into coordinative and subordinative

6Phraseological collocations are not only motivated but contain one component used in its direct meaning, while the other is used metaphorically.

7Phraseological fusions are completely non-motivated word-groups,

8Phraseological unities are not only motivated but contain one com-

ponent used in its direct meaning, while the other is used metaphorically.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Task

1. The word-combination a bitter pill meaning 'something veryunpleasant that one must accept' is ... .

a)completely motivated;

b)completely non-motivated;

c)partially motivated.

2.The phraseological unit to get smb's back up means ....

a)to be popular with smb;

b)to annoy smb;

c)to sympathize with smb.

3.The phraseological transference in the idiom to be all ears meaning

“to be very eager to hear what someone is going to say” is

based on ... .

a)synecdoche;

b)simile;

c)metaphor.

4.The phraseological unit to get one's daws into smb. meaning "to find a way of influencing or controlling someone” is a ... .

a)phraseological Fusion;

b)phraseological collocation;

c)phraseological unity.

5.Choose the correct answer: to be sick and tired of somebody is:

a)A free word combination;

b)A phraseological unit;

c)A set non-phraseological unite.

6.Choose the correct answer: small girl is:

a)A free word combination;

b)A phraseological unit;

c)A set non-phraseological unite.

7.Choose the correct answer: small talk is:

a)A free word combination;

b)A phraseological unit;

c)A set non-phraseological unite.

8.Choose the correct answer: to do one's best is:

a)A free word combination;

b)A phraseological unit;

c)A set non-phraseological unite.

9.Choose the correct answer: to beat about the bush is:

a)A free word combination;

b)A phraseological unit;

c)A set non-phraseological unite.

10.Choose the correct answer: poor man is:

a)A free word-combination;

b)A phraseological unit;

c)A set non-phraseological unite.

Модуль 7

ТЕСТОВЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Task I. Write whether this assumption is true or false:

(T)1. Informal style is relaxed, free-and-easy, familiar and unpretentious.

(T)2. Slang is a matter of stylistic choice.

(T)3. Slang tends to originate in subcultures within a society.

(F)4. Slang is the main group of standard language and consisting either of new words or of current words employed in some special sense.

(F)5. The borderline between the literary and familiar colloquial is clearly

marked.

Task II. Fill in the gaps in the following definitions:

1.Functional style is a system of expressive means peculiar to a specific sphere of communication.

2.Slang is a main group of non-standard speech.

3.The informal words that are used in everyday conversational speech both by cultivated and uneducated people of all age group are called

colloquialisms.

3. The circumstances attending the process of speech in each particular case: professional communication, a lecture, an informal talk, a formal letter, an intimate letter, a speech in court are defined as sphere of communication.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Task I. Translate the following text and underline tthe colloquial words:

Bob is a great guy. He never blows his stack. He hardly ever flies off the handle. Well, of course, he is actually getting on, too. But he always knows how to make up for the lost time by taking it easy. He gets up early, works out, and turns in early. He knows how to get away with things. Bob's got it made. This is it for him. He is a cool cat.

Боб отличный парень. Он никогда не теряет самообладания. Он едва может сорваться. Ну, конечно, он тоже стареет, на самом деле. Но он всегда знает как наверстать упущенное время, ленясь. Он встает рано, работает и рано возвращается. Он знает как проворачивать дела. Боб добился успеха. Это для него. Он клёвый парень.

Task II. Agree or disagree with the following assumptions.

Support your arguments:

1.Slang makes the language more colorful and lively and it is widely used not only by uneducated people, criminals, and professional groups , but also it is met in literary works, as well as among “the most respectable companies”.

(I agree that slang makes the language more colorful but it’s used below the level of standard English speech.)

2. Slang is a distortion of the standard language.

(I disagree because slang makes the language more vivid and colorful. And it sounds more natural with it reflecting all the sides of the language.)

3.Slang is a peculiar kind of vagabond language, always hanging on the outskirts of legitimate speech but continually straying or forcing its way into the most respectable company. [J. B. Greenough and C. L. Kitteridge].

(I agree because slang is called slang because it is used by special kinds of people. So it’s on the outskirts but at the same time I disagree that it’s forcing its way into the most respectable company. I think it’s on its place and it doesn’t search a way to be higher in the language system.)

4.Slang is a modern, but not long-living language.

(I agree because slang is the most vivid and changeable part of any language. Slang reflects modern situation in the language. But within 5 years we will see other popular words with teenagers. Only 5 years and the result will be represented.)

Task III. Write down informal words to the following:

Stylish, eyes, keep silent, how do you do, behaviour, to tease, to be in love, friend, to study, a student, a principle, to go for a walk, mon- ey, a drunkard, prostitute, etc.

Stylish – to turn smb out, eyes - peepers, – shut up,

how do you do - hi, behavior – goings-on, to tease – to kid smb., to be in

love – to have a crush on smb., friend – pal/chum, to study – to pick up,

a student – a co-ed, a principle - ism, to go for a walk – to go out, money - dough, a drunkard – a boozer, prostitute – a hooker, etc.

Task IV. Find 10 interesting slang words related to the student's

life.

“Dorm” is short for dormitory – the place where students live.

“slack off”, it means that you get lazy and don’t work hard.

“flunk” a test or a class is means to fail.

A “pop quiz” is means a surprise quiz.

“hit the books” is means to study.

“cut class,” it means you don’t go to class.

“cram,” it means you study a lot in a short period of time.

“ace a test” is to get a very good grade.

Many students gain weight when they start college. People often say that first-year students (freshmen) gain 15 extra pounds during their first year of school – this is called the “freshman 15”

“Froomie” is someone who is not only your roommate but also your friend.