книги / Обучение аннотированию научных статей на английском языке
..pdfand high electrical conductivity during deformation. Although many methods have been proposed for these electrodes, none of them has managed to simultaneously achieve high stretchability for the electrodes and have a scalable manufacturing process.
Professor Park solved such issues using a conductive polymer composite, composed of Jabuticaba-like hybrid carbon fillers containing carbon nanotubes and carbon black in a simple solution process. The shape of this structure resembled that of a Jabuticaba tree, the Brazilian grapetree.
The research team observed that the HCP composite is found to effectively retain its electrical conductivity, even under high strain rates. This makes it suitable for use in highly stretchable aqueous Liion batteries.
"Our findings are expected to expand the number of stretchable nanocomposites with electrochemical and mechanical properties available for use in a wide variety of applications," says Professor Seo, who was in charge of the fabrication of stretchable current collectors.
A detailed analysis of the percolation behaviors of the conductive filler within the composite was done using an in situ SAXS measurement under stretching, which revealed that the different types of carbon in the filler led to a formation of highly interconnected cosupporting networks. Professor So Youn Kim led the in situ SAXS experiments. SAXS is a highly useful technique for measuring the behavior of nanofillers in polymer matrices. Besides, the research team has, for the first time, developed stretchable ARLB as a stretchable power source, using the HCP composite as a stretchable current collector and they have delivered stable power to a LED even under 100 % strain.
"This study is expected to facilitate the design of stretchable nanocomposites with optimized electrochemical and mechanical properties for use in energy storage devices and stretchable electronics," says Professor Kim.
41
СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
1.Ильичева Н.В., Горелова А.В., Бочкарева Н.Ю. Аннотирование и реферирование: учеб. пособие для слушателей доп. образов. программы «Переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации». – Самара, 2003. – 100 с.
2.Маркушевская Л.П., Цапаева Ю.А. Аннотирование и реферирование: метод. рекомендации для самостоят. работы студ. – СПб.: Изд-во ГУИТМО, 2008. – 51 с.
3.Реферирование и аннотирование специальных текстов на иностранном языке: учеб.-метод. пособие / сост. Т.Р. Шаповалова, Г.В. Титяева. – Южно-Сахалинск: Изд-во СахГУ, 2012. – 122 с.
4.Кузьмина Е.В. Современные проблемы промышленного и гражданского строительства на занятиях английского языка: учеб. пособие. – Ульяновск: Изд-во УлГТУ, 2010. – 63 с.
5.Унифицированный учебно-методический комплекс дисциплины «Деловой (профессиональный) иностранный язык». – Пермь: Изд-во Перм. нац. исслед. политехн. ун-та, 2016. – 36 с.
6.Мартынова Л.И. Учимся пересказывать кратко, ясно, логично: учеб.-метод. пособие по англ. языку. – Н. Новгород: Изд-во Нижегор. акад. МВД России, 2008. – 171 с.
7.Science Daily [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/01/180129160506.htm. (дата обращения: 22.01.2018).
8.How to Summarize a Journal Article [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: https://www.wikihow.com/Summarize-a-Journal-Article#/Image: Summarize-a-Journal-Article-Step-14-Version-2.jpg (дата обращения: 19.02.2018).
42
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ЧТЕНИЯ
Supplementary reading
How to Summarize a Journal Article
Four Parts:
1.Reading the Article.
2.Planning a Draft.
3.Writing Your Summary.
4.Sample Summaries.
Summarizing a journal article is the process of presenting a focused overview of a completed research study that is published in a peerreviewed, scholarly source. A journal article summary provides potential readers with a short descriptive commentary, giving them some insight into the article's focus. Writing and summarizing a journal article is a common task for college students and research assistants alike. With a little practice, you can learn to read the article effectively with an eye for summary, plan a successful summary, and write it to completion.
Part 1
1. Reading the Article
43
Read the abstract. Abstracts are short paragraphs written by the author to summarize research articles. Abstracts are usually included in most academic journals and are generally no more than 100-200 words. The abstract provides a short summary of the content of the journal article, providing you with important highlights of the research study.
The purpose of an abstract is to allow researchers to quickly scan a journal and see if specific research articles are applicable to the work they are doing. If you're collecting research on immune system responses in rodents, you'll be able to know in 100 words not only whether or not the research is in your field, but whether the conclusions back up your own findings, or differ from it.
Remember that an abstract and an article summary are two dif-
ferent things, so an article summary that looks just like the abstract is a poor summary.[1] An abstract is highly condensed and cannot pro-
vide the same level of detail regarding the research and its conclusions that a summary can.[2]
2. Understand the context of the research
Make sure you know what specifically the authors will be discussing or analyzing, why the research or the topic matters, whether or not the article is written in response to another article on the topic, etc. By doing this, you'll learn what arguments, quotes, and data to pick out and analyze in your summary.
44
3. Skip to the conclusion
Skip ahead to the conclusion and find out where the proposed research ends up to learn more about the topic and to understand where the complicated outlines and arguments will be leading. It's much easier to comprehend the information if you read the researchers' conclusions first.
You still need to go back and actually read the article after coming to the conclusion, but only if the research is still applicable. If you're collecting research, you may not need to digest another source that backs up your own if you're looking for some dissenting opinions.
45
4. Identify the main argument or position of the article
To avoid having to read through the whole thing twice to remind yourself of the main idea, make sure you get it right the first time. Take notes as you read and highlight or underline main ideas.
Pay special attention to the beginning paragraph or two of the article. This is where the author will most likely lay out their thesis for the entire article. Figure out what the thesis is and determine the main argument or idea that the author or authors are trying to prove with the research.
Look for words like hypothesis, results, typically, generally, or clearly to give you hints about which sentence is the thesis.
Underline, highlight, or rewrite the main argument of the research in the margins. Keep yourself focused on this main point, so you'll be able to connect the rest of the article back to that idea and see how it works together.
In the humanities, it's sometimes more difficult to get a clear and concise thesis for an article because they are often about complex, abstract ideas (like class in post-modern poetics, or feminist film, for example). If it's unclear, try to articulate it for yourself, as best as you can understand the author's ideas and what they're attempting to prove with their analysis.
46
5. Scan the argument
Continue reading through the various segments of the journal article, highlighting main points discussed by the authors. Focus on key concepts and ideas that have been proposed, trying to connect them back to that main idea the authors have put forward in the beginning of the article.
Different areas of focus within a journal article will usually be marked with sub-section titles that target a specific step or development during the course of the research study. The titles for these subsections are usually bold and in a larger font than the remaining text.
Keep in mind that academic journals are often dry reading. Is it absolutely necessary to read through the author's 500 word proof of the formulas used in the glycerine solution fed to the frogs in the research study? Maybe, but probably not. It's usually not essential to read research articles word-for-word, as long as you're picking out the main idea, and why the content is there in the first place.
6. Take notes while you read
Efficiency is key when you're doing research and collecting information from academic journals. Read actively as you comb through the material. Circle or highlight each individual portion of the journal article, focusing on the sub-section titles.
These segments will usually include an introduction, methodology, research results, and a conclusion in addition to a listing of references.
47
Part 2. Planning a Draft
1. Write down a brief description of the research.
In a quick free write, describe the academic journey of the article, listing the steps taken from starting point to concluding results, describing methodology and the form of the study undertaken. There is no need to be too specific; that's what the actual summary will be for.
When you're first getting started, it's helpful to turn your filter off and just quickly write out what you remember from the article. These will help you discover the main points necessary to summarize.
2. Decide what aspects of the article are most important.
48
You might refer to these as the main supporting ideas, or sections, of the article. While these may be marked clearly with subheadings, they may require more work to uncover. Anything that's a major point used to support the main argument of the author needs to be present in the summary.
Depending on the research, you may want to describe the theoretical background of the research, or the assumptions of the researchers. In scientific writing, it's important to clearly summarize the hypotheses the researchers outlined before undertaking the research, as well as the procedures used in following through with the project. Summarize briefly any statistical results and include a rudimentary interpretation of the data for your summary.
In humanities articles, it's usually good to summarize the fundamental assumptions and the school of thought from which the author comes, as well as the examples and the ideas presented throughout the article.
3. Identify key vocabulary to use in the summary.
Make sure all the major keywords that are used in the article make it into your summary. It's important that you fully examine the meanings of these more complicated terms so that your summary reader can grasp the content as you move forward with the summary.
Any words or terms that the author coins need to be included and discussed in your summary.
49
4. Aim to keep it brief.
Journal summaries don't need to be anywhere close to the length of the articles themselves. The purpose of the summary is to provide a condensed but separate description of the research, either for use for the primary research collector, or to help you redigest the information at a later date in the research process.
As a general rule of thumb, you can probably make one paragraph per main point, ending up with no more than 500-1000 words, for most academic articles. For most journal summaries, you'll be writing several short paragraphs that summarize each separate portion of the journal article.
Part 3. Writing Your Summary
1.Do not use personal pronouns (I, you, us, we, our, your, my).
2.Keep the tone as objective as possible. You're not critiquing the article, you're giving an overview of it.
50