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В таком вопросительном предложении порядок слов прямой. Вопросительное слово: Who? What? (кто – что). В настоящем времени употребляем глагол в третьем лице и единственном числе. Примеры:

What makes you feel upset? – Что заставляет тебя грустить?

Who invites guests for the party? – Кто приглашает гостей на вечеринку

Ex.7 Ask all types of questions to these sentences.

1.The lives in developing countries become more difficult.

2.Consumption of natural resources in all industrialized countries is permanently growing.

Speaking

Ex.8 Discuss in pairs the following questions.

1. Why is the environment getting worse as the population grows? What ecological problems are connected to the population growth?

2.Why does the world need to do a better job of forecasting the possible outcomes of current human activities, including population trends, per capita resource use, and the wealth distribution?

3.What can be done to reduce the impact of large cities on the environment?

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Using the Net

Ex.9 Find the information and answer the questions:

What economist was the first to put forward the theory of the overcrowded world? In what century did he live?

How do you assess the implications of dramatic changes in the world’s population?

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UNIT 3

"A Double-edged Sword" of Chemistry and Environmental

Problems

GETTING STARTED

In small groups discuss the following questions.

1.What people are called technocrats and what are called technophobes?

2.What are the implications of technical progress for the environment?

3.What are moving forces behind development of science and engineering?

Кеу vocabulary

Sustainable(adj.), abundant(adj.), cause(v.), occur(v.), human activity, vary(v.), public concern, nonpolluting, threaten(v.), natural resources, waste(n.), irreversibly(adv.), solution, be due to, due to, a great deal, inherently(adv.), neither ... nor, destroy (v.), matter (v.), preserve (v.)

WORD STUDY

Ex.1 Find in the text the English equivalents of the words and phrases:

1.делать нашу жизнь безопаснее и проще (1)

2.источники энергии (1)

3.быть недальновидным (2)

4.отдаленные результаты (2)

5.тип мышления (2)

6.понять (2)

7.растущий общественный интерес (3)

8.решение экологических проблем (4)

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Ex. 2 Find in the paragraphs (indicated by the number) the word or phrase that best fits the meaning given.

1.at the core (1)

2.ecologically friendly (1)

3.are likely to harm (1)

4.a strong evidence can be given (1)

5.illiterate(2)

6.harm (2)

7.take place (2)

8.a feeling of worry (3)

9.influence (3)

10.accumulation (3)

11.include (4)

12.difficulties or problems (4)

TEXT

"A Double-edged Sword" of Chemistry and Environmental Problems

1. Chemistry is important - there is no doubt about that. It lies at the heart of our efforts to produce new materials that make our lives safer and easier, to produce new sources of energy that are abundant and nonpolluting and to understand and control the many diseases that threaten us and our food supplies. Although a strong case can be made that the use of chemistry has greatly enriched all of our lives, there is also a dark side of the story. Our society has used its knowledge of chemistry to kill and destroy. It is important to understand that the principles of chemistry are inherently neither good nor bad - it's what we do with knowledge that really matters.

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2. Although humans are clever, resourceful, and concerned about others, they also can be greedy, selfish, and ignorant. In addition we tend to be shortsighted, we concentrate too much on the present and do not think enough about a long-range implication of our actions. This type of thinking has already caused us a great deal of trouble - severe environmental damage has occurred on many fronts. However, it is less important to lay blame than to figure out how to solve these problems.

3.The environment excites growing public concern due to realizing that at present time human activity has become varied and complex that it effects not only at local and national level, but the whole world. Ways of producing energy, using natural resources and build up of waste threaten to destroy Nature irreversibly. To preserve the environment of our planet development and growth in the world must be sustainable. Sustainable means not sacrificing tomorrow's prospects for a largely illusory gain today.

4.Solution to environmental problems cannot be found without their scientific understanding. An important part of the answer must rely on chemistry. One of the hottest fields in the chemical sciences is environmental chemistry - an area that involves studying our environmental ills and discovering creative ways to address them.

After Reading

Ex. 3 Read the text more carefully and answer the questions.

1.How do you understand the title of the text?

2.What other titles could you suggest?

3.What is a main reason to think that Nature is certainly under threat?

4.What kinds of human activities threaten to change fundamentally the balance of our global environment?

5.What is sustainable development?

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6. Why does scientific knowledge play an important part in searching solutions to environmental problems?

Ex. 4 Select the statement that best expresses the main idea of paragraph.

Paragraph 1

1.Chemistry is one of the fundamental sciences.

2.Chemistry has greatly enriched our lives.

3.The principles of chemistry are neither good nor:bad.itfs what we do with this knowledge that really matters.

4.Knowledge of chemistry may be used for the benefit of

mankind as well as for destroying the life on the Earth.

Paragraph 2

1.Mankind has always been capable of great good and great evil.

2.We should avoid activities, which secure benefits in the short term at expense of dangerous implications for the environment and human health in the future.

3.It's more important to find out solutions to ecological problems than to figure out who are responsible for environmental damage.

4.Racing for short-term benefits without thinking about long-range consequences gave rise to serious environmental problems, to solve them is a task of vital importance.

Paragraph 3

1.The ways in which human activities affect the environment are complex and can cause damage to Nature.

2.To preserve the environment of our planet development and growth in the world must be sustainable.

3.The impact of human activity on the environment has changed greatly and can threaten the live on the Earth.

4.The environment excites growing public concern.

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Paragraph 4

1.Environmental chemistry can help to find the answers for many environmental problems.

2.Environmental chemistry is one of the "hottest" fields in the chemical sciences.

3.Finding solutions to environmental problems is based on their

scientific understanding, environmental chemistry playing an important part in the process.

VOCABULARY REVIEW

Ex. 5 Give a definition of each of the words or phrases below. This exercise can be done orally or in writing.

2.disease (1)

3.to enrich (1)

4.there is a dark side of the story (1)

5.inherently (1)

6.don't think about long range implications (2) 1

7.to be short-sighted (2)

8.a great deal of trouble (2)

9.to figure out (2)

10.growing public concern (3)

11.to destroy Nature irreversibly (3)

12.to preserve the environment (3)

13.sustainable (3)

14.environmental ills (4)

15.creative ways (4)

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Ex. 6. Which word is different? Why?

Ex. 7 Match English expressions with their Russian equivalents.

Ex. 8 Fill in the gaps using words in Italics.

damage threat problems environmental effort cause

1. The world’s ecological … are the aggregate of local and regional pressures on the environment.

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2. The … to the Nature can only be overcome if all n ations work together.

3.Greenpeace is an international organization that aims to protect the … to make governments change their policy.

4.Experience has taught us that actions and processes can … the environment.

5.Actions taken to protect one aspect of the environment can sometimes themselves … other damage .

6. There needs to be a major and growing scientific … to understand the effect of

human activities on the environment and our health.

Focus grammar

Present Perfect Tense. (Настоящее свершенное время).

В собственном значении the Present Perfect употребляется для выражения действий, которые в момент речи воспринимаются как свершившиеся. В этом случае в центре внимания находится само свершившееся действие.

have

+ V3

has (3л. ед. ч.)

+ He has dressed himself.

- He has not dressed himself.

? Has he dressed himself?

Yes, he has. No, he has not. (No, he hasn't.)

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Ex. 9 Look through the text and find the structure with the Present Perfect.

Ex. 10 Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect.

1.We( to have) many major problems while working on this project.

2.She (to talk) to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick

3.Doctors (to cure) many deadly diseases.

4.Scientists (to split) the atom.

5.Ecologists (not find) solution to environmental problems .

6.Knowledge (to play) an important part in searching solutions to environmental problems

Speaking

Discuss in pairs the following questions.

1.What are the most promising lines of research in environmental chemistry?

2.How do you see the part of science in saving the environment? Give your reasons.

3.In what way has our view on Nature changed as compared with the view of previous generations?

4.What makes the main difference in perception of the world nowadays and in the past?

5. What is the field of environmental chemistry?

Learning strategy

Generalizing information and sharing your point of view with someone else help you to develop such skills as critical thinking and active learning and abilities of oral expression and speech clarity.