9370

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Tires. The Bridgestone Group delivers a wide range of tires to customers around the world, such as tires for passenger cars, trucks and buses, aircraft, construction and mining vehicles, motorcycles.

2.2 Chemical Industry in Nizhny Novgorod

Figure 1. Chemical Industry in the Nizhny Novgorod Region

What is produced here? Resin chemistry: cellulose, paper, roofing. Pharmaceuticals: cream, unguents, pills. Agricultural chemistry: pesticides, repellents, fertilizers.

Location factors in the Nizhny Novgorod region. Different chemical areas mean different major location factors. For agricultural chemistry it is important to be close to customers. Their customers are from the agricultural sector. For pharmaceutical industry the most important factor is staff qualification. The resin industry needs a lot of materials near by. Such companies have private forests.

An example of the chemical industry in the region is Nizhpharm-Stada. Nizhpharm history: the enterprise was founded in1919; powders, pills, ointments and patches are produced. Nizhpharm today: 17 countries exporting, 360 mln pills/year, 1200 employees, 11,5 k working area m2, about 1% of the Russian pharmaceutical market, the second highest sales volume in Russia.

What major location factors of Nizhpharm can we see? Nizhpharm: major location factors.

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•Chemical science is developed. Favorable scientific environment.

•Support of the regional administration – there is an idea of creating a chemical-pharmaceutical cluster.

•Agglomeration advantage – Nizhny Novgorod agglomeration (2 million people) is the third in Russia.

The location is more historical than a well-thought strategy. The production of this company is popular in Russia and certified according to the international standards, thus Stada just came on the market bying Nizhpharm.

Is there any influence from the qualified staff availability factor?

There are always many employees in the chemical industry, because there are specialized higher schools in Nizhny Novgorod. There is a pharmacology department in the medical academy, there is a chemical faculty in Lobachevsky Nizhny

specific needs of the industry.

2.3 Chemical Industry in the Lower Rhine Area

Facts & Figures.

NRW: leading position as the most important region for the chemical industry in Germany, No. 5 in the EU, No. 11 worldwide, around 500 chemical companies, major global manufacturers in the Lower Rhine Area (Bayer, Lanxess, Evonik, Solvay), many Industrial/Chemical Parks (Chemparks Krefeld-Uerdingen, Dormagen,Leverkusen, Solvay Rheinberg: chemical-based industrial park).

highImportance low

Figure 2. Location Factors in Germany/NRW

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Research & Development

Qualification

Infrastructure

Market Attractiveness

Political & Legal Situation

Availability of Raw Materials

Labor costs

Taxes

Energy costs

Figure 3. How do you evaluate Germany concerning the following location factors?

Table 2. Location factors in Germany – Pros and Cons

Case Study.

Research: medium sizedenterprises (family-run concerns, historical reasons, no relevant information about location factors), major global enterprises (e.g. Bayer, Lanxess, Evonik, Henkel), through the medium of Bayer: contact to CURRENTA.

CURRENTA: Chempark – Europe’s Chemical Park, service provider for the chemical industry, manager and operator of CHEMPARK. 3 locations: Krefeld Uerdingen, Leverkusen, Dormagen. Aim: creating an inspirational and attractive environment for realising the companie’s full market potential.

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Some characteristics:

-Germany’s biggest chemical park,

-more than 70 companies, e.g. Bayer AG, Lanxess & Evonik,

-1/3 of the total chemical production of North Rhine-Westphalia,

-access via waterways, railways & an extensive freeway network, close to the international airports Köln-Bonn and Düsseldorf,

-around 900 Services, e.g.: supply of materials, waste disposal, safety concepts

etc.

-total area: 11km²,

-employees: 48.000,

-site roads, canals networks, pipeline connections.

CHEMPARK: “Selecting the right location isn’t a matter of chance”

•Infrastructure

traffic infrastructure: extensive freeway network of NRW, waterways (Rhine-river), railways, international airports,

communication infrastructure: network of companies, research institutes and organizations,

security: service package covering all aspects of health protection, occupational safety, fire protection and site security,

waste disposal.

•Raw materials and energy supply:

10.000 basic materials/products offered,

supply of key basic materials: connected to the European pipeline system for naphtha, natural gas, ethylene and other petrochemical products,

•Research and Development/ Qualification/ Innovation:

69 institutes of higher education, over 48 technology centres and 50 independent research institutes,

cooperation with universities, e.g.: Cologne, Aachen, Düsseldorf & Niederrhein University of Applied Scienes Krefeld: faculty of Chemical Engineering.

•Political & Legal Stability:

stable political situation of Germany in general,

less administrative effort in the CHEMPARKs (services): shorter time to Market,

•Attractiveness of NRW as an important global market:

important role in Germany’s success story as a leading export nation,

17,8 million inhabitants, bussiness + cultural centre,

19 HQ of the top 50 German companies, 763.000 small & medium sized enterprises,

> 13,100 companies from other European and non-European countries operate from bases in NRW.

•Customers on site:

proximity to customers from the chemical and pharmaceutical industries,

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1/3 of all consumers in the European Union live within a 500-kilometer radius of CHEMPARK (around 150 million people),

within three hours by plane of all Europe’s major cities,

production of lakes for the automotive industry.

Conclusion: supply convenience, time to market, concentration on core business, customers on site, synergy effects, know-how transfer, good infrastructure, low investment.

3. Comparison

Table 3. Comparison of three regions

References

Chempark (n.d.) (2017). Der Chempark: Europas Chemiepark. http://www.chempark.de/de/chempark.html [16.05.2017].

Chempark (n.d.) (2017). Für Investoren. http://www.investoren.chempark.de [20.05.2017].

Currenta GmbH und Co. OHG, Leverkusen (n.d.) (2017). Leistungen. http://www.currenta.de/leistungen.html [15.05.17].

Currenta GmbH und Co. OHG, Leverkusen (n.d.) (2017). Unternehmen, http://www.currenta.de/unternehmen.html [15.05.17].

Dr. Wieselhuber und Partner GmbH Unternehmensberatung (2015). Die

Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Chemiestandortes Deutschland, München.

Invest in Niederrhein: Wirtschaft: Chemie (n.d.) (2017). http://www.invest-in- niederrhein.de/de/chemie.html [18.05.2017].

Statista (2015). Standortfaktoren für die Chemiebranche in Deutschland 2015. https://printkr.hs-niederrhein.de:2654/statistik/daten/studie/411171/umfrage/ standortfaktoren-fuer-die-chemiebranche-in-deutschland [19.05.2017].

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Verband der Chemischen Industrie e.V. (2017). Die Branche. https://www.vci.de/die-branche/uebersichtsseite.jsp [18.05.2017].

The chemical industry (2017). http://essentialchemicalindustry.org/the- chemical-industry/the-chemical-industry.html [3.05.2017].

Wikipedia (2017). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_industry [3.05.2017].

Factors influencing the location of industries (2017). http:// www. yourarticle library.com/industries/factors-influencing-the-location-of-industries-geographical- and-non-geographical-factors/19695 [4.05.2017].

Cogent (2017). Topic guide «Factors affecting the location of a chemical plant».

The importance of start-ups and SMEs in Russia and Germany (2017). Alekseeva T.S. et al. Ulyanovsk: UlSU.

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Regional location factors in the IT-Sector

1. Introduction

Defintion: IT-Sector is the application of computers to store, study, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data or information, often in the context of a business or other enterprise.

Hardware

TC - Services

Figure 1. IT-Sector

2. Facts and Figures

2.1. Situation in Russia

Figure 2. Sowtware export volume, $-billion

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Figure 5. IT-vacancies in the overall economy

Concentration of IT Companies in Areas like Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Stuttgart. North-Rhine-Westfalia state with a great number of IT-companies

Figure 6. Middle-sized IT-companies in postal code areas