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It is allowed to provide separate stairs for communication between the basement or basement floor and the first floor.

These stairs are not taken into account when calculating escape routes from the basement or basement.

At least two evacuation exits must have basement and basement floors with an area of more than 300 m2 or designed for the simultaneous stay of more than 15 people. From the premises of the basement floor with an area of up to 300 m2, one evacuation exit is required, if the number of people constantly staying in the basement is no more than 15 people. Second evacuation center the exit can be arranged through a hatch measuring 0.6 ×

0.8 m with a vertical ladder to the pit or through a window of 0.75 × 1.5 m with an exit device. From the premises of the basement floor with an area of more than 300 m2, it is necessary to provide, in addition to one exit, another exits at the rate of one for each subsequent(over 300 m2) 2000 m2.

SCHOOL BUILDINGS

There are the following types of education institutions :

•secondary education schools;

•gymnasiums;

•lycées;

•colleges;

•boarding schools;

•specialized schools and boarding schools for the indepth training of children;

•health and sanatorium-forestry schools;

•Special schools for children with physical and mental disabilities.

•General education institutions include primary, primary and secondary schools; secondary school with in-depth study of individual subjects; gymnasium and lyceum.

•According to the level of education, general education schools have three stages of study:

•Stage I includes students in grades 1-4;

•Stage II includes students in grades 5-9;

•Stage III includes students in grades 10-11.

School in Donau City, Vienna, Archpriest H. Hollein

School building in Gelsenkirchen-Bismarck, Arch. P. Hübner

MASTERPLAN OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS

Secondary education schools are located in the micro-district

with a maximum radius of accessibility from housing of 500 m. School Building must be removed from the red line not less than 25 m.

Functional zones of school areas:

•physical education and health,

•experimental zone,

•lounge zone,

•storing zone.

Sports grounds for playing with the ball and throwing must be removed from the windows of the building not less than 25 m and have a perimeter fence with a height not less than 2.5-3 m; other sites must be not less than 10 m away from the windows of the building.

Sections must be designed so that to ensure the possibility of a ring detour of fire engines.

SPACE PLANNING SOLUTION

The height of the building of a secondary education institution should not exceed three floors. In conditions of dense urban development, the construction of institutions with a height of four floors is allowed. When placing secondary education institutions in previously built 4-5-storey buildings, the fourth and fifth floors should be reserved for rooms rarely visited by students.

All school premises are divided into two main groups.

1. Training rooms:

- classrooms for grades 1-4 (I stage of training);

- study rooms and laboratories with laboratory assistants for 5-11th grades (II and III training);

- Premises for labour training and vocational guidance. 2. Secondary school premises:

- assembly and gym;

- Food court; - workshops;

- administrative and storing premises; - library, etc.