Concepts of Leader and Manager
Leader
•Is visionary in identifying need change
•Is a role model
•Is sensitive to timing initiatives
•Is creative in identifying solutions
•Individual efforts
Manager
•Assess the driving and restricting forces
•Identifies and implements strategies
•Seek subordinates input
•Supports and rewards
•Understands future directions
Comparison bet. Leadership and Management
Management |
Leadership |
•Management is responsible for various functions such as planning, organizing, leading and controlling, which are related to the total organization
•Management is concerned
with the promotion of the welfare of the entire organization without giving scope to vested interest.
• Leadership is the ability to influence the group in achieving the goals set by the management
•Leadership influence individual which will contribute to the attainment of group goals
•Leadership used informal
power to influence the group
• Leadership is necessary to create change
Comparison bet. Administration & Management
Administration
•Determination of Objectives
•Thinking and determinative functions.
•Take major decisions about over enterprise.
•Planning and organizing functions involved.
•It coordinate finance, production and distribution
Management
•Plans and actions
•Doing and executive function
•Takes decisions within the framework set by the admin.
•Motivating and controlling functions also involved.
•It uses organization for the achievement of the targets fixed by administration.
Administration Versus Management
Administration |
Management |
• The process and agency |
• The process and agency, |
which is responsible for the |
which directs and guides the |
determination of aims for |
operations as an organization |
which an organization and its |
in the realizing of established |
management are to strive, |
aims. |
which establishes the broad |
• Higher functions of |
policies under which they are |
management includes |
to operate and which gives |
administration. |
general oversight to be |
• Two types of management |
continuing effectiveness of |
are there: administrative and |
the total operation in |
operative management. |
reaching the objectives |
|
sought. |
|
Contd.
• Management can be defined categorizing under orientations.
1.Productivity orientation
2.Human relation orientation
3.Process orientation
4.Decision-Making orientation
5.Systems approach
Productivity Orientation
•Management is the art of knowing “what you want to do ….in the best and cheapest way.” – Frederick W. Taylor (1914), profounder of this approach
•Management is to conduct the affairs of a business, moving towards its objectives through a continuous improvement and optimization of resources via the essential management functions.
–Henri Fayol (1917)
•Critics: definition ignores the human side, which is the most important element of management, and also silent about the process of management.
Human Relation Orientation
•Management is the art of getting things done through and with informally organized groups, and it is the art of creating the environment in which people can perform and individuals could cooperate towards attaining group goals.
•Critics: management thinkers put primary focus on people and their feelings, not on productivity or functions. The chief concerns are individuals, group process, interpersonal relations, leadership, and communication.
Process Orientation
• Management is the process by which managers create, direct, maintain and operate purposive organizations through systematic coordinated cooperative human efforts. – Dalton McFarland (1976)
•The distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling to determine and accomplish the stated objectives by the use of human and other resources. – Terry & Franklin (1988)
•Critics: this approach embraces human element: the most important aspect of management, clarifies about what a manager has to do and why and also clearly indicates how it is done. The management thinkers believe that management does not do; it gets others to do.
Decision-Making Orientation
• Management is simply the process of decision making and control over the action of human beings for the express purpose of attaining pre determined goals.
•The management quality is judged by the quality of decision in diverse situation in the economic front and amid risks and uncertainties. – Banerjee (1996)
Contd.
•Focuses on managerial decisions. It views management as a series of decision making. Concentrates on rational approach to decision making.
•Critics: this orientation is silent about the process part, a it provides no clues at all as what the manager needs to know and do. – Ernest Dale (1973)