Инновационные процессы в исследовательской и образовательной деятел

By means of adding, removing and recombining modules CNC machine can be modified to carry out a task in the best possible way. CNC machine can be changed for changing tasks thus replacing a number of specialized machine tools.

The technology can be developed in a few possible directions.

Firstly, it is developing of new and upgrading of the existing modules for CNC machine. Secondly, it is developing of the system that would allow for a simultaneous multi-tool manufacturing. Thirdly, specialized CAD software may be developed to facilitate programming of CNC with modular multi-tool architecture. Another option is to apply an advanced 3D-scanning technology that will make it possible to reproduce almost any object. It is also possible to develop a set of modules and software that would enable CNC machine to assemble the produced objects into larger complex systems and to build complex devices in a completely automatic operating mode.

Finally, it is of no little interest that modular machine can follow the

RepRap ‘doctrine’ and produce CNC machine modules by means of similar machines thus allowing for commercial production at larger factories.

References

1.An approach to building specialized CNC systems for non-traditional processes / G.M. Martinov [et al.] // Procedia CIRP. – 2014. – 14 – P. 511–516.

2.Wei-chen Lee, Ching-chih Wei, Shan-Chen Chung. Development of a hybrid rapid prototyping system using low-cost fused deposition modeling and five-axis machining // Journal of Materials Processing Technology. – 2014. –

214.– P. 2366–2374.

3.Frank M.C., Wysk R.A., Joshi S.B. Rapid planning for CNC milling – a new approach for rapid prototyping // Journal of Manufacturing Systems. – 2004. – Vol. 23, no. 3. – P. 242–256.

101

A.Yu. Plotnikova

Perm National Research Polytechnic University

APPROACH TO THE SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION OF LOGIC FUNCTIONS IN THE REDUNDANT BASIS

In order to ensure a highly reliable operation of digital devices, you should use a variety of methods to improve the fault-tolerance of integrated circuits. One such method is the use of elements with redundant basis. This paper presents an approach to the system implementation of logic functions in the redundant bases. There are two main approaches to the synthesis of the function system.

Key words: minimizing system, basis, implementation, scheme of functions in a given basis, redundant basis.

Introduction

Minimizing and representing Boolean functions in arbitrary bases and systems of Boolean functions are considered a combinatorial problem [1–3]. Authorsin [4–6] shows a method of representing Boolean functions in redundant basis [7–12] by transforming truth tables. The algorithms and software for automated synthesis of digital devices (combinational automaton) are developed

in basis and in remainder bases. In certain cases, the remainder bases should be used to ensure active fault-tolerance for critical applications of programmable logics for condition of relevant reconfiguration. In the real systems, the systems of Boolean functions should be implemented, whereas existing algorithms and programs are oriented on separate implementation.

The use of such algorithms and programmes may result in the non-optimal implementations, because of the system effects, such as possible common subschemas, sub-functions. In such a case, the schemas would be more complicated, the reliability would decrease the power consumption, chip area, weight and dimensions of the equipment would increase. So it makes sense to consider the modification of the synthesis method in the redundant bases in order to take into account that the systems of the Boolean functions should be implemented.

Redundancy and saving of the basis

The basis is redundant related to the classical bases (Sheffer stroke (NAND) and Logical NOR (NEITHER-NOR)), if it saves its features within the Post's criterion [13] even after modification of original function.

Use of mixed bases

If the mixed bases are used, the advantages of all bases may be combined and the problem may be set to find the optimum compromise of different bases elements taking into account notional value, such as the complexity and speed (delay).

102

Main principles of the system implementation

Obviously, if the Boolean functions of the system depend on different variables, the system minimization in the structure that cannot be rebuilt nor reconfigured is out of question.

In such a case, firstly the domain of M variables of different functions i, j of the system of functions depending on n quantity of the variables should be checked:

Obviously, at least two common variables may be implemented in the system, not considering exotic cases when one variable or its inverse covers the whole system. In general, the minimal quantity of variables should correlate with complexity of basis implementation, basis logic element. Stages of the synthetic analysis are as follows:

1.Determination of the intersection of variables, if the system functions are predetermined by different tables;

2.Comparison and distinguishing of common sub-functions and subschemas. Fan-out rate should be considered (to how many schemes the last system element output is connected).

There are two approaches to distinguish the common subschemas:

1.Full synthesis of all functions to create a subdomain of the elementary sub-functions implemented by the same element of selected basis. By doing so, the synthesis should be performed in various forms, for instance, if there are several decoupling variables, the sets of elementary functions will be different. The derived domain of sub-functions should be compared and the common schema branches should be distinguished. The advantage of this approach is its simplicity, but its disadvantage is that the algorithm cannot be implemented in a large system, because it represents an exhaustive search for all possible synthesis variants.

2.Distinguishing all common sub-functions prior to synthesis. The system functions should be synthesized based on common sub-functions in the form of a pseudo-function including all features of all system functions.

For instance, in some cases, if there is a system of one-type intercrossed functions, they can be unified into a pseudo-function. The pseudo-function will have common variables of all functions and several multi-variables as a variables domain. The multi-variables will define the rest of variables that behave similar to each other.

103

Obviously, these functions should have implicants, that will have at least two common variables, while other variables should behave similar to each other. The functions have analogous variables, when they have the same domain of implicants, if the variables values are the same.

3. Minimizing functions. There may be two variants. In variant 1 there is separate minimization of all functions:

3.1.Building a forest of trees of separate functions;

3.2.Searching a minimum spanning graph for this forest considering links of subtrees;

3.3.Converting function by sub-functions producing and effect in certain cases, but decreasing speed.

As for the second variant, we shall work on it in the future.

Conclusions

The fundamental factors of the system synthesis are considered in this article. Selecting basis function optimally covering function during the synthesis is very important. Several approaches to minimization and systems synthesis, the problem of synthesis passage to distinguishing common subschemas have been considered here.

References

1.Чебурахин И.Ф. Математическое моделирование и синтез вычислительных и управляющих логических устройств [Электронный ресурс]: дис. …

канд. техн. наук. – М., 2004. – URL: http://www.dslib.net/matmodelirovanie/cheburahin.html (дата обращения: 29.09.2013).

2.Лупанов О.Б. Асимптотические оценки сложности управляющих систем. – М.: Изд-во Моск. гос. ун-та, 1984.

3.Минимизация функций в произвольном базисе [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: http://www.cyberforum.ru/mathematical-logic-sets/ thread443495.html (дата обращения: 29.9.2013).

4.Тюрин С.Ф., Громов О.А., Гладышева П.В. Автоматизированный синтез цифровых комбинационных схем в функционально-полном

104

толерантном базисе и в остаточных базисах // Дискуссия теоретиков и практиков. – 2010. – № 2. – С. 181–196.

5.Тюрин С.Ф., Греков А.В., Громов О.А. Программа автоматизированного синтеза цифровых комбинационных схем в функциональнополном толерантном базисе и в нетривиальном остаточном базисе // Народное хозяйство. Вопросы инновационного развития. – 2011. – № 2. – С. 258–263.

6.Тюрин С.Ф. Проблема сохранения функциональной полноты булевых функций при «отказах» аргументов // Автоматика и телемеханика. – 1999. – № 9. – С. 176–186.

7.Тюрин С.Ф. Логические элементы с избыточным базисом // Вестник Перм. ун-та. Математика. Механика. Информатика. – 2013. – № 4. – С. 42–59.

8.Тюрин С.Ф., Громов О.А. Базисный элемент программируемых логических интегральных схем // Вестник Ижевск. гос. техн. ун-та. – 2010. –

№3. – С. 122–126.

9.Функционально-полный толерантный элемент: пат. Рос. Федерация

№2010123392.2011. Бюл. № 36.

10.Функционально-полный толерантный элемент: пат. Рос. Федерация

№2449469 / С.Ф. Тюрин, О.А. Громов, А.В. Греков. – 2012. Бюл. № 12.

11.Функционально-полный толерантный элемент: пат. Рос. Федерация

№2496227 / С.Ф. Тюрин, О.А. Громов, А.В. Греков, А.А. Сулейманов. – 2013. Бюл. № 29.

12.Программируемое логическое устройство: пат. Рос. Федерация

№ 2503993 / С.Ф. Тюрин, А.В. Набатов, О.А. Громов, А.В. Греков, Д.А. Карлов. – 2014. Бюл. № 1.

13. Аляев Ю.А., Тюрин С.Ф. Дискретная математика и математическая логика: учеб. для студ. высш. учеб. завед., обуч. по спец. «Прикладная информатика (по областям)» и др. эконом. спец. – М., 2006. – 366 c.

105

Yu.K. Papulova

Perm National Research Polytechnic University

HISTORICAL PASTICHE IN NEO-VICTORIAN NOVELS:

CHALLENGES OF TRANSLATION

This paper examines neo-victorian fiction characteristics, various postmodern literary devices used by neo-victorian writers and challenges in translating neo-victorian pastiche.

Key words: neo-victorian novel, postmodern literature, pastiche, translation strategy.

Neo-victorian fiction, first appeared half a century ago, has just begun to attract critical attention. D. Shiller, one of the first critics to define the genre, specifies that neo-victorian novels aim to re-think and re-vision the past, in particular the Victorian age and to combine the Victorian and contemporary literary devices [1, с. 9]. Irony and nostalgia for the Victorian era often quoted as the Golden Age of Britain are the main features of the neo-victorian literature

[2, с. 56]. As O.A. Tolstykh points out, numerous gifted writers and poets of the

19th century fascinate contemporary British writers who return to the contents and forms of the Victorian literature, reinterpreting, transforming and using famous Victorian novels to create new literary texts. As a result, a neo-victorian novel is often called a collection of Victorian literature [3, с. 89].

Neo-victorian novels can be considered a subgenre of historical fiction, more specifically historiographic metafiction which questions the certitude of our historical knowledge, shifts attention from the actual events of the past toward the interpretation of those events, repudiates the traditional boundaries between historical fact and fiction [3, с. 90].

Postmodern writers use a number of literary devices to express their concept of the past: marked intertextuality (quotes, reminiscences, allusions, etc.), interdiscursivity (a mixture of different genres, styles and discourses within a text), parody, pastiche, bricolage, irony, playfulness, etc. In particular, neo-victorian writers often mimic Victorian literary style and language and borrow elements from famous Victorian novels.

This paper focuses mostly on challenges in translating neo-victorian pastiche: 1) identification of intertextual markers and their adequate translation into Russian, 2) reconstruction of stylistic features of the original text (source text), its stylistic heterogeneity. For purposes of illustration, we have analysed P. Ackroyd’s novel «The Lambs of London», A. Bayett’s novel «Possession» and their translations into Russian.

106

References

1.Поваляева Н.С. Образ мюзик-холла в неовикторианском романе. – Минск: Четыре четверти, 2015.

2.Скороходько Ю.С. Эволюция английского неовикторианского романа [Электронный ресурс] // Вопросы духовной культуры филологические науки. – URL: http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/xmlui/bitstream/ handle/123456789/52259/ 16-Skorokhod%E2%80%99ko.pdf?sequence=1 (дата обращения: 5.03.2015).

3.Толстых О.А. Неовикторианский постмодернизм Антонии Байетт (на примере романа «Possession») // Вестник ЮУрГУ. Сер. Лингвистика. –

2005. – № 11. – С. 89–93.

107

S.V. Polygalov, G.V. Ilinykh

Perm National Research Polytechnic University

SELECTING THE BEST METHOD TO USE RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

The methods to use resource potential of municipal solid waste are analyzed. The most important criteria (environmental, economic, and technological) Pareto analysis are detected and weight coefficients are determined. A ranking methods is conducted to pairwise comparison based on the weight coefficients of the criterion. According to the results of ranking the best method used resource potential of municipal solid waste is sorting (automatic, manual).

Key words: municipal solid waste, resource potential, sorting of municipal solid waste, the method of pairwise comparison, Pareto analysis.

Over the last decade, both in foreign countries and in Russia are more problems arise in the management of municipal solid waste (MSW), which contributes to environmental pollution and the negative impact on public health.

However, in order to minimize these problems can use methods of extraction of the resource potential, which reduces the amount of municipal solid waste and re-use in economic circulation.

While the resource potential of municipal solid waste consist of material, energy and biological potentials, he serves as the basis for the selection of technologies for processing and disposal of waste [1].

Each method performs certain technologies, equipment, depends on the performance of the process, cost parameters, yield, etc. This article describes the following methods used resource potential of municipal solid waste:

–stratified combustion in furnaces with boiler stoker grate with gas cleaning device;

–pyrolysis, which is carried out in the gasification of reactor of the shaft

type;

–burial of waste on landfill, which provides impervious screen, drainage collection and removal of leachate, treatment system for leachate, radiation control and pressing;

–fermentation of waste that is produced in the biogas plant;

–field composting;

–manual and automatic sorting of municipal solid waste. The main equipment manual sorting is sorting cabin and conveyors and automatic sorting is optical identification system (sensors) and conveyors [2].

108

Choosing the best method is made taking into account the environmental, economic, technological, organizational and legal criteria and is based on peer assessment, i.e. prioritizing criteria.

Environmental criteria aimed at identifying the impacts of the natural and the environment, as well as causing harm to public health. Economic criteria determining the cost-effectiveness and feasibility of technologies include capital and operating costs. Technological criteria focusing on the implementation process, consist of the performance of the process equipment, staffing requirements, pre-treatment of waste, etc. Organizational and legal criteria intending to identify violations, inappropriate regulatory framework (certificates, regulations, instructions, etc.) [3].

Identification of the most important criteria by the method of pairwise comparison, and selected Pareto analysis are ranked (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. The results of Pareto analysis criteria:

1 – universal of method used resource potential; 2 – ability to produce useful products for future use; 3 – Performance of process equipment; 4 – Capital expenditures; 5 – Operating

costs; 6 – The need for personnel to implement the technology; 7 – Impact on the air;

8 – Easy operation and maintenance process; 9 – Ability to emergencies; 10 – The impact on the soil; 11 – The impact on water bodies; 12 – Legal restrictions;

13 – The need for pre–treatment of waste for implementation

Final results of the ranking methods used resource potential of municipal solid waste are presented in Table.

109

Summary results ranking

On the basis of pairwise comparisons is revealed that the best method, taking into account technological, economic and environmental criterias are to sorting: automatic sorting (Rank – 1, ranking factor – 20.97); manual sorting (rank – 2, rank ratio – 18.51).

Pairwise comparison reveals major aspects of the methods of resource potential for aggregate economic, environmental and technological parameters, but does not provide a quantitative estimate of cash, so you need to use the method functional and cost analysis. With this method it is possible to evaluate the functional significance of both manual and automatic sorting, as well as their cost parameters.

References

1.Ильиных Г.В., Устьянцев Е.А., Вайсман Я.И. Ресурсный потенциал хвостов ручной сортировки твердых бытовых отходов // Урбанистика. – 2012. – № 4. – С. 143–152.

2.Шубов Л.Я., Ставронский М.Е., Шехирев Д.В. Технологии отходов (Технологические процессы в сервисе): учебник / ГОУВПО МГУС. – М.,

2006.

3Коротаев В.Н., Жилинская Я.А., Слюсарь Н.Н. Методика ранжирования и выбора наилучших технологий обращения с отходами // Защита окружающей среды в нефтегазовом комплексе. – 2012. – № 7. –

С. 21–25.

110