Пособие по английскому языку

1. The exploration of space produces no practical bene­ fits. 2. Space exploration contributes to improving life on Earth. 3. The exploration of space is producing only one benefit — technological progress. 4. Spacecraft are being used for but one purpose — Earth environmental surveys.

5. Nobody thinks that the landing on the moon was a great achievement on behalf of the US airmen.

Ex. 8b. Rephrase the sentences using the model.

M o d e l :

I have taken the medicine and feel better.

Now that I have taken the medicine I feel better.

1. I have read many articles on space research and I know what has been planned for the near future. 2. We have re­ mote sensing techniques and can study the oceanbed more effectively. 3. The communications sputniks «Molniya» and «Orbita» stations are orbiting the Earth and we can watch the intervision programmes. 4. The space programme has stimulated technological progress and we can observe advan­ ces in medicine, electronics, and other fields of human activity. 5. We are aware of practical benefits produced by the exploration of space and cannot say it is a waste of money. 6. The USSR and the USA are planning to create in the future giant space stations and we can expect great progress in space research.

Ex. 9. Listen and repeat after the speaker.

Now that we have practical benefits-produced by the

of life on Earth. Two other forms of space research bene­

programmes to be a waste of money. Here are two viewpo­

Ex. 10. Listen to Text 1 and retell it.

Ex. 11. Ask another student if

1. he knows what the applications of the exploration of space are. 2. he is of the same opinion on space research as Mr. B. was in 1969. 3. he agrees with Mr. A. 4. he knows what Earth environmental surveys are. 5. he remembers the history of space exploration. 6. he knows who was the first man to land on the moon.

Ex. 12. Listen to the dialogue. What is the subject discussed? (The dialogue takes place in England in 1969)

A:Well, as a matter of fact I agree with Mr. B. The landing on the moon was a great achievement on behalf of the

US airmen. But it was useless.

В: I can’t agree with you that it was useless.

A:But it was. Nobody benefited from the achievement but scientists.

В: I don’t think you’re right. We are all in need of knowled­ ge, not only scientists.

A:Knowledge! People I have spoken to about it think it was a great waste of money.

B:We’ll have the benefits of space research in the future.

A:In the future! We don’t want a pie in the sky, dust and

A: We want a society that guarantees a regular job to the workers.

B:J3o you mean...

А: ГП finish my thought if you don’t mind; job to the wor­ kers and decent homes where families can be raised in health and happiness. This is what I mean.

B:And I mean that the exploration of space is useful but US space planners could save money.

A:Of course they could. They could use the money more rationally.

B:They could land automatic stations on the moon.

A:They could do even better, they could land nothing on the moon. There is a cure waiting to be found for can­ cer and arthritis and so much more. Machines cannot

do these jobs. It’s a human effort.

В: I hope we’ll continue discussing the topic a little later.

Ex. 13. Read the dialogue. Whose view on the benefits of space research was right?

Ex. 14. Translate into English.

1. Теперь лишь немногие спрашивают, почему мы ис­ следуем космос. 2. Космические программы стимулируют технический прогресс. 3. Благодаря техническому про­ грессу человек добивается успеха почти во всех областях своей деятельности. 4. Космические аппараты исполь­ зуются во всех космических исследованиях. 5. Космичес­ кие аппараты используются для связи, наблюдений за погодой, для наблюдения за окружающей средой. 6. Прак­ тические выгоды от космических исследований выражают­ ся в форме расширения знаний, прикладных исследований и технических усовершенствований.

Ех. 15. 1. Answer the question: What are the benefits of space exploration? 2. Give a brief summary of Text 1.

Ex. 16. Retell the text.

BENEFITS RECEIVED FROM

THE SPACE PROGRAMME

Benefits may be tangible and intangible. The latter in­ clude such things as the stimulus to learning, new technology, scientific discoveries, national pride, and improved inter­ national relations.

Tangible and direct benefits now taken for granted are world-wide satellite communications and a global operatio­ nal weather satellite system making possible more accurate

tellites that will mean increased safety in the air and on the sea, as well as additional economic benefits.

Practical everyday benefits include fireproof fabrics and paint, smaller and longer lasting radios and TV-s, tougher

II. MANNED AND UNMANNED MISSIONS

Read the space terms (Russian equivalents are on p. 131).

S p a c e t e r m s : astronaut, space vehicle, (unman­ ned mission, instrumented mission, orbiting space labo­ ratory, the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS).

Read the key words. Find their Russian equivalents in «Active vocabulary» if necessary.

K e y w o r d s : exploration, natural resources, tech­ niques, to complement, advantages, to eliminate threat, environment.

Ex. 1. Listen to the space terms and the key words, and repeat them after the speaker.

Ex. 2. Listen to the word combinations and their Russian equi­ valents, repeat them after the speaker.

home planet, manned flight, human input, on-the-scene judgements, unexpected developments, long-lived orbi­ ting laboratory, atmospheric pollution.

R u s s i a n e q u i v a l e n t s : наша (родная) планета, пилотируемый полет, участие человека (в кос­ мическом полете), оценка происходящего, непредви­ денные результаты, долгосрочная орбитальная лабо­ ратория, загрязнение атмосферы.

Ех. 3. Listen to the sentences and repeat them after the speaker.

1. Spacecraft can he designed for manned and unmanned missions. 2. Both are designed to help us learn more about Earth's environment. 3. The knowledge of distant planets can be expanded as a result of instrumented missions.

4. There is a place in space exploration for both manned and unmanned techniques. 5. Unmanned and manned missions complement each other. 6. Salyut can work both as manned and unmanned space laboratory. 7. The ERTS obtains data

about crops, atmospheric pullution and many other things. 0. The ERTS data help us use our natural resources pru­ dently.

Ex. 4. Make up questions for which the following would be the answers.

1. There is a place in space exploration for both manned and unmanned technique. 2. The knowledge of distant pla­ nets can be expanded due to instrumented missions. 3. Salyut can work equally well as manned Ъг unmanned space laboratory

manned flight; unmanned instrumented mission; longlived orbiting laboratory; home planet; manned and un­ manned techniques; next-door neighbour.

Ex. 6a. Recast the word groups using the model.

M o d e l : the depth of snow — snow depth

the temperatures of surface, the pressure of ice, the cur­ rents of ocean, the bed of ocean, the salinity of ocean.

6. What do we call an experimental orbiting space labora­ tory?

TEXT 2

Unmanned and manned space missions complement each other. Both are designed to help us learn more about the environment of our home planet. But the scope of each is

different. Because of the human input, a manned mission can expand its scope far beyond that of an'runmannedjinstrumented mission. The significant advantage of manned flight is that astronauts can interpret their findings, make on-the-scene judgements, and deal with unexpected deve­ lopments.

There is a place in space exploration generally and moon exploration in particular, for both manned and unmanned techniques. Such devices as «Luna-16» offer their greatest promise, however, in bringing back to Earth material from Mars, Venus and other planets much more distant from this Earth than its next-door neighbour, the Moon.

Salyut is a space vehicle that can work as a manned and unmanned long-lived orbiting-space laboratory equally well, while ERTS — the Earth Resources Technology Satellite — functions as an unmanned spacecraft only. The ERTS, using television and radiometric scanners, obtains data about such things as crops, forests, types of rocks and soil, snow depth, surface temperatures, ocean salinity, ice pressure, ocean currents, and atmospheric pollution. These data help us use our natural resources prudently and elimi­ nate threats to our enviroment.

1. Unmanned and manned space missions do not comple­ ment each other. 2. The scope of each is the same. 3. A man­ ned mission can expand its scope far beyond that of an un­ manned mission. 4 / Instrumented missions cost less than manned flights. 5. Astronauts cannot interpret their fin­ dings. 6. The astronaut today does not need any education.

7. Astronauts must have experience in flying. 8. Skylab was designed for scientific, technological and biomedical investigations. 9. The Earth Resources Technology Satel­ lite cannot obtain any data about crops, forests and types of rocks and soil. 10.*The data obtained by the ERTS help us use our natural resources prudently.

each other. Both are designed to help us learn more about the environment of our home planet. But the scope of each is different. Because of the human input, a manned mission can expand its scope-far beyond that of an unmanned