Пособие по английскому языку

vided about half of the electrical power •used in Skylab, - was also registered.

Ex. 10. Listen to Text 7 and retell it.

Ex. 11. Ask another student if

1. he remembers the parameters of the initial orbit of Sky­ lab. 2. he remembers the cause of high temperature inside Skylab. 3. he knows the names of the astronauts of the first Skylab crew 4. he knows what Kervin said at a postflight press-conference. 5. he can say where the first Skylab crew splashed down.

Ex. 12. Listen to the conversation. What is the subject discussed?

A:I’d like to kliow a few more facts about Skylab. To begin with, why do we call Skylab «the Saturn Workshop» (SWS)?

B:Maybe because it was launched by a two-stage rocket Saturn or as the empty second stage of the Saturn V was used for Skylab.

C:That rocket was used to launch both the unmanned

workshop and the first Skylab crew, wasn’ t it?

B:That’s right. First the unmanned workshop was launched, containing all consumables for the whole mission in­

cluding oxygen, water, food, and clothing.

C:You mean the mission of the first Skylab crew, don’t you?

B:Not only that, I mean the whole Skylab programme, which was planned as 4 flights.

A: So the first Skylab crew Was to enter the workshop and activate it for habitation?

В: To be more precise, to complete activation of the SWS for habitation.

C:Was Skylab active in between crew visits?

B:No, it wasn’t. Before leaving the SWS the crew de-ac- tivated experiments, and closed down the SWS systems for a nonoperational, unmanned period of about two

flights.

C:As far as I remember it was at that time that experi­ ments on solar astronomy and earth resources started.

В: I also know that they carried on some extravehicular activity.

A:Was it at the very beginning of the first Skylab crew flight?

C:It was after docking.

A:As compared to the previous record-breaking flight the first Skylab crew flight was 10 days longer. The dura­ tion of the flight was one more biological experiment.

B:I’d like to add that together with prolonged flights of Soviet cosmonauts it paved the way to the record flights of the two Salyut—Soyuz orbital complex crews

Yu. Romanenko — G. Grechko, V. Kovalionok — A. Ivanchenkov and V. Lyakhov — V. Ryumin.

Ex. 14. Read the text and retell it in English.

Читатели нашей газеты уже знают о запуске на орбиту

с А. Г. Николаевым в 1970 году успешно выполнил 18суточную программу научно-технических и медико-био­ логических исследований на борту корабля «Союз-9». В то время это был самый длительный пилотируемый по­ лет.

А Петр Ильич полтора года назад на корабле «Союз-13» вместе с В. В. Лебедевым проводил астрофизические на­ блюдения звезд и съемку участков земной поверхности для решения народнохозяйственных задач.

Солйдный летный опы! йм сейчас прнгодйлся. Онй снова в космическом полете, снова над планетой. Чуть больше суток космический корабль «Союз-18» совершал ав­ тономный полет. За это время Петр Климук и Виталий Се­ вастьянов проверили работоспособность всех систем ко­ рабля в космических условиях и доложили в Центр уп­ равления полетом о готовности к стыковке со станцией «Салют-4». Вчера, в воскресенье, когда в Москве уже был вечер, корабль вошел в зону автоматического сближения с небесной лабораторией.

Мы уже привыкли к стыковкам аппаратов на орбите. Эта операция освоена и в нашей стране, и в США. Первые примеры встречи и стыковки летательных аппаратов можно почерпнуть из авиации, где широко применяется заправка самолетов топливом во время полета. Но в кос­ монавтике такие операции значительно сложнее, да и важность их неизмеримо больше.

И, готовясь к полету на корабле «Союз-18», к стыковке со станцией и работе на ней, Петр Ильич и Виталий Ива­ нович старательно изучали опыт своих товарищей. Да, они не новички в космонавтике. Имеют солидный теоре­ тический и собственный опыт работы в космосе. В памяти еще свежи впечатления. Но работа на станции имеет свою специфику. Вот почему они оказались самыми внима­ тельными читателями бортовых журналов, которые за­ полняли в полете Алексей Губарев и Георгий Гречко.

Собственно, интенсивно перенимать опыт работы на станции «Салют-4» Петр Климук и Виталий Севастьянов начали, еще когда в полете находился первый экипаж.

Они анализировали поступавшие с орбиты донесения кос­ монавтов и объективные телеметрические данные.

На исходе первые сутки полета станции в пилотируе­ мом режиме. Как известно, орбитальная лаборатория «Салют-4» была запущена в космос 29 декабря прошлого года. И вот уже второй раз в ее отсеках работают люди. Прибывший новый экипаж сразу же окунулся в косми­ ческие будни. Идет подготовка к проведению экспери­ ментов в интересах науки и народного хозяйства,

Ёх. 15. Speak of manned experimental space stations.

Ex. 16. Give a summary of the texts.

SKYLAB EXPERIMENTS

In spite of the problem encountered, the first Skylah manned mission successfully accomplished most objectives established for it.

Some 80 percent of the planned solar data was obtained, with a major scientific accomplishment of the monitoring of a solar flare. 11 of 14 planned Earth resourses data runs were accomplished.

All 16 medical experiments were conducted, and the time history of man’s adaptation to zero gravity was obtai­ ned for the first time.

Data were obtained on 5 student investigations, with two others rescheduled for the second visit.

Skylab experiments data and film were delivered to the appropriate principal investigator for analysis or pro­ cessing at his direction. In many cases, complete analysis of data may require years; however, significant findings are released to scientific journals and the news media as they occur. The second Skylab manned mission lifted off at 6 11 a. m. CDT, July 28, 1973, with a crew of A1 Bean, Owen Garriott and Jack Lousma. The trio splashed down 59 days 11 hours and 9 minutes later, September 25, near the USS «New Orleans», 225 miles southwest of San Diego.

By the 10th day, the crew was putting in about 19 man­ hours a day on scientific experiments, but a week to 10 days later they were doing 27 to 30 man-hours of experiments each day. Some 206 hours of solar viewing had been planned, 305 were logged. Those viewing sessions took in two major solar flares and numerous coronal transients.

In an already ambitious medical experiment programme of 327 planned runs, 333 were accomplished. Six more co­ rollary experiment runs than the planned 158 were carried out, including the first orbital demonstrations of astro­ naut maneuvering equipment.

ARABELLA AND ANITA

Between those two ewents, lift-off at 6 : 11 a. m. CDT, July 28, and splashdown 59 days later, September 25, was a list of conducted experiments that exceeded the planned workload by 50 percent.

good pictures were shown on television here last night of them inside the automatic space laboratory. 3. Col. Artyukhin could be seen in the background and their work la­ boratory seemed comparatively roomy. 4. The launch of Soyuz-15 took place at the Baikonur Cosmodrome at 58 minutes past midnight today and went off without any technical hitches. 5. The flight of cosmonauts Pavel Popo­ vich and Yuri Artyukhin yielded much that was useful for further improving the transport ship and the orbital sta­ tion. 6. Continuation of this work is the main task of the crew of the 15th Soyuz, Gennady Sarafanov and Lev Demin. 7. Shatalov said that Soyuz was an application of the idea of the universal spacecraft for independent piloted flight, for the assembly of complex objects in space orbit and for trans­ porting both crews and freight to scientific space stations.

Ex. 6. Show in some way that you understand the meaning of the following:

assambly sites; earth control base; comparatively roomy; to circle the earth; unfavourable effects; of practical sig­ nificance; technical hitches.

Ex. 7. Read the text and answer the questions:

1. What did TASS report that day? 2. What was the work to be carried out by Col. Popovich and Col. Artyuk­ hin? 3. Where and when did the launch of Soyuz-15 take place? 4. How did Shatalov characterize Soyuz spacecraft? 5. What did he say about future application of Soyuz type craft?

TEXT 8

What number Salyut station is orbiting the Earth to­ day, Salyut-6 or Salyut-7? A few years ago we read the TASS communication about Salyut-3, «Soviet spacemen explain flight to TV viewers». It said: «Soviet cosmonauts Pavel Popovich and Yuri Artuykhin in Salyut-3 have been do­ ing physical exercises as planned to counter the unfavo­ urable effects of weightlessness.

They reported to the earth control base that they were both in high spirits, in good health and their flight was pro­ ceeding normally.

Very good pictures were shown on television here last night of them inside the automatic space laboratory. Soyuz-14 docked with this without a hitch very early on Friday morning.

Col. Popovich, flight commander, with his words co­ ming over very distinctly, explained for the viewers the instruments inside the space station.

Col. Artyukhin could be seen in the background and their work laboratory seemed comparatively roomy.

They are to test the new spaceship design and equip­ ment. Their programme of work includes studies of geolo­ gical forms and structures on the Earth’s surface, of at­ mospheric formations and phenomena of practical signifi­ cance for the Soviet economy.

They are also to study the physical characteristics of outer space, the influence of space flight on the human organism and the factors determining the crew’s work on board.

Soviet cosmonauts, Flight Commander Gennady Sarafanov and Flight Engineer Lev Demin, circling the Earth in Soyuz-15, which was launched today, are both feeling fine and working according to plan.

Their main mission is to continue the programme of scientific and technical experiments begun this July by cosmonauts Pavel Popovich and Yuri Artyukhin in the space laboratory Salyut-3, to which they transferred from their Soyuz-14 craft. Popovich and Artyukhin have now ended their flight.

The launch of Soyuz-15 took place at the Baikonur Cos­ modrome at 58 minutes past Midnight BST, today and went off without any technical hitches.

Muscovites were shown recorded television shots of the launch some ten hours later.

Lieutenant-Gen. Viadimir Shatalov, who is in charge of the training of Soviet cosmonauts, told a TASS corres­ pondent today: «The current launching has been another step in developing the work begun in outer space at the time of the flight of Soyuz-14 and Salyut-3 orbital station last July.

The flight of cosmonauts Pavel Popovich and Yuri Ar­ tyukhin yielded much that was useful for further improving the transport ship and orbital station. Continuation of this work is the main task of the crew of Soyuz-15, Gennady Sarafanow and Lev Demin.

This is the 15th Soyuz type craft to have been launched by the Soviet Union in seven years.

Shatalov said that Soyuz was an application of the idea of a universal spacecraft for independent piloted flight, for

the assembly of complex objects in space orbit and for tran­ sporting both crews and freight to scientific space stations.

«Today on our modest jubilee, the launching of the fif­ teenth Soyuz», he said, «we see that we have made no mistake in forecasts and calculations.»

«Ships of this type will undoubtedly become assembly sites for large space stations to be set up in orbit», he dec­ lared.

Ex. 8. Agree or disagree with the following statements

1. Col. Popovich, with his words coming over not very distinctly, explained for the viewers the instruments inside the spacecraft. 2. The Soyuz-14 crew were to test the new spaceship design and the equipment. 3. Their programme did not include studies of geological forms and structures of the earth’s surface. 4. The Soyuz-15 crew were to conti­ nue the programme of scientific and technical experiments begun by the Soyuz-14 crew. 5. Lieut.-Gen. Shatalov did not tell anything to a TASS correspondent. 6. Sarafanov and De­ min continued the work begun by Popovich and Artyukhin. 7. Soyuz type ships cannot serve as transport craft. 8. Ships of Soyuz type will undoubtedly become assembly sites for large space stations to be set up in orbit.

Ex. 9. Listen and repeat after the speaker.