- •24.3 HYDRAULICS
- •24.4 OTHER SYSTEMS
- •24.5 SUMMARY
- •24.6 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •24.7 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •24.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •25. CONTINUOUS CONTROL
- •25.1 INTRODUCTION
- •25.2 CONTROL OF LOGICAL ACTUATOR SYSTEMS
- •25.3 CONTROL OF CONTINUOUS ACTUATOR SYSTEMS
- •25.3.1 Block Diagrams
- •25.3.2 Feedback Control Systems
- •25.3.3 Proportional Controllers
- •25.3.4 PID Control Systems
- •25.4 DESIGN CASES
- •25.4.1 Oven Temperature Control
- •25.4.2 Water Tank Level Control
- •25.5 SUMMARY
- •25.6 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •25.7 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •25.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •26. FUZZY LOGIC
- •26.1 INTRODUCTION
- •26.2 COMMERCIAL CONTROLLERS
- •26.3 REFERENCES
- •26.4 SUMMARY
- •26.5 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •26.6 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •26.7 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •27. SERIAL COMMUNICATION
- •27.1 INTRODUCTION
- •27.2 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
- •27.2.1.1 - ASCII Functions
- •27.3 PARALLEL COMMUNICATIONS
- •27.4 DESIGN CASES
- •27.4.1 PLC Interface To a Robot
- •27.5 SUMMARY
- •27.6 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •27.7 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •27.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •28. NETWORKING
- •28.1 INTRODUCTION
- •28.1.1 Topology
- •28.1.2 OSI Network Model
- •28.1.3 Networking Hardware
- •28.1.4 Control Network Issues
- •28.2 NETWORK STANDARDS
- •28.2.1 Devicenet
- •28.2.2 CANbus
- •28.2.3 Controlnet
- •28.2.4 Ethernet
- •28.2.5 Profibus
- •28.2.6 Sercos
- •28.3 PROPRIETARY NETWORKS
- •28.3.1 Data Highway
- •28.4 NETWORK COMPARISONS
- •28.5 DESIGN CASES
- •28.5.1 Devicenet
- •28.6 SUMMARY
- •28.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •28.8 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •28.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •29. INTERNET
- •29.1 INTRODUCTION
- •29.1.1 Computer Addresses
- •29.1.2 Phone Lines
- •29.1.3 Mail Transfer Protocols
- •29.1.4 FTP - File Transfer Protocol
- •29.1.5 HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
- •29.1.6 Novell
- •29.1.7 Security
- •29.1.7.1 - Firewall
- •29.1.7.2 - IP Masquerading
- •29.1.8 HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language
- •29.1.9 URLs
- •29.1.10 Encryption
- •29.1.11 Compression
- •29.1.12 Clients and Servers
- •29.1.13 Java
- •29.1.14 Javascript
- •29.1.16 ActiveX
- •29.1.17 Graphics
- •29.2 DESIGN CASES
- •29.2.1 Remote Monitoring System
- •29.3 SUMMARY
- •29.4 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •29.5 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •29.6 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •30. HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACES (HMI)
- •30.1 INTRODUCTION
- •30.2 HMI/MMI DESIGN
- •30.3 DESIGN CASES
- •30.4 SUMMARY
- •30.5 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •30.6 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •30.7 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •31. ELECTRICAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
- •31.1 INTRODUCTION
- •31.2 ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAMS
- •31.2.1 Selecting Voltages
- •31.2.2 Grounding
- •31.2.3 Wiring
- •31.2.4 Suppressors
- •31.2.5 PLC Enclosures
- •31.2.6 Wire and Cable Grouping
- •31.3 FAIL-SAFE DESIGN
- •31.4 SAFETY RULES SUMMARY
- •31.5 REFERENCES
- •31.6 SUMMARY
- •31.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •31.8 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •31.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •32. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
- •32.1 INTRODUCTION
- •32.1.1 Fail Safe Design
- •32.2 DEBUGGING
- •32.2.1 Troubleshooting
- •32.2.2 Forcing
- •32.3 PROCESS MODELLING
- •32.4 PROGRAMMING FOR LARGE SYSTEMS
- •32.4.1 Developing a Program Structure
- •32.4.2 Program Verification and Simulation
- •32.5 DOCUMENTATION
- •32.6 COMMISIONING
- •32.7 REFERENCES
- •32.8 SUMMARY
- •32.9 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •32.10 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •32.11 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •33. SELECTING A PLC
- •33.1 INTRODUCTION
- •33.2 SPECIAL I/O MODULES
- •33.3 SUMMARY
- •33.4 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •33.5 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •33.6 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •34. FUNCTION REFERENCE
- •34.1 FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
- •34.1.1 General Functions
- •34.1.2 Program Control
- •34.1.3 Timers and Counters
- •34.1.4 Compare
- •34.1.5 Calculation and Conversion
- •34.1.6 Logical
- •34.1.7 Move
- •34.1.8 File
- •34.1.10 Program Control
- •34.1.11 Advanced Input/Output
- •34.1.12 String
- •34.2 DATA TYPES
plc function ref - 34.10
RTO - RetentiveTimer On |
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RTO |
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RETENTIVE TIMER ON |
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Timer |
T4:0 |
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Time Base |
1.0 |
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Preset |
10 |
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Accum. |
0 |
Description: |
This timer will delay turning on. When the input turns on the accumulated |
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value (ACC) will start to increase from zero. When the preset (PRE) |
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value is reached the DN bit is set. If the input goes false the accumulator |
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value is not reset to zero. To reset the timer and turn off the timer the |
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RES instruction should be used. |
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Status Bits: |
EN |
This bit is true while the input to the timer is true |
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TT |
This bit is true while the accumulator value is increasing |
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DN |
This bit is true when the accumulator value is less than the preset |
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value |
Registers: |
ACC |
The time that has passed since the input went true |
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PRE |
The maximum time delay before the timer goes on |
Available on: Micrologix, PLC-5
34.1.4 Compare
CMP - CoMPare CMP
COMPARE A Expression
“(N7:0 + 8) > N7:1”
Description: |
This function uses a free form expression to compare the two values. The |
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comparison values that are allowed include =, >, >=, <>, <, <=. The |
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expression must not be more than 80 characters long. |
Status Bits: |
none |
Registers: |
none |
Available on: PLC-5
plc function ref - 34.11
DTR - Data TRansition |
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DTR |
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DATA TRANSITION |
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Source |
N7:0 |
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Mask |
00FF |
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Reference |
N7:1 |
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Description: |
This function will examine the source value and mask out bits using the |
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mask. The value will be compared to the Reference value, and if the |
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values agree, then the function will be true for one scan, after that it |
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will be false. |
Status Bits: |
none |
Registers: |
none |
Available on: Micrologix, PLC-5
EQU, GEQ, GRT, LEQ, LES, NEQ - EQUals, Greater than or EQuals, GReater Than, Less than or EQuals, LESs than, Not EQuals
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EQU |
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EQUALS |
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Source A |
N7:0 |
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Source B |
N7:1 |
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Description: |
The basic compare has six variations. Each of these will look at the val- |
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ues in source A and B and check for the comparison case. If the com- |
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parison case is true, the output will be true. The types are, |
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EQU - Equals |
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GEQ - Greater than or equals |
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GRT - Greater than |
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LEQ - Less than or equals |
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LES - Less than |
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NEQ - Not equal |
Status Bits: |
none |
Registers: |
none |
Available on: Micrologix, PLC-5
plc function ref - 34.12
FBC, DDT - File Bit Compare, Diagnostic DetecT
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CLR |
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Dest S2:24 |
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FBC |
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FILE BIT COMPARE |
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Source |
#B3:0 |
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Reference |
#B9:0 |
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Result |
#N10:0 |
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Cmp Control |
R6:0 |
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Length |
10 |
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Position |
0 |
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Result Control |
R6:1 |
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Length |
3 |
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Position |
0 |
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Description: |
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This instruction will compare the bits in two files and store the positions |
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of differences in a result file. In this example the files compared when |
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’A’ goes true. Both files start at ’B3:0’ and ’B9:0’ and 10 bits are to be |
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compared. When differences are found the bit numbers will be stored |
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in a list starting at ’N10:0’, the list can have up to three values (integer |
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words). The ’Cmp Control’ word is for the bits being compared. The |
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’Result Control’ word is for the list of differences. The manual recom- |
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mends clearing ’S:24’ before running this instruction to avoid a possi- |
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ble processor fault. |
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The DDT instruction is the same as the FBC instruction, except that |
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when a different bit is found the source bit overwrites the reference |
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bit. It is useful for storing a reference pattern for later use by a FBC. |
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Status Bits: |
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EN (Cmp) |
enable - enabled when the instruction input is active |
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DN (Cmp) |
done - enabled when the operation is complete |
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ER (Cmp) |
error - set if an error occurred during the operation |
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IN (Cmp) |
inhibit - set when mismatch found, must be cleared to |
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continue the comparison |
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FD (Cmp) |
found - set when a mismatch is found |
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DN (Result) |
done - set when the result list is full |
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ER (Result) |
error - set if an error occurred with the results list |
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LEN (Cmp) |
length - the number of bits to be compared |
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POS (Cmp) |
position - the position of the current bit being compared |
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LEN (Result) |
length - the number of result positions allowed |
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POS (Result) |
position - the location of the last result added |
Available on: Micrologix, PLC-5
plc function ref - 34.13
LIM - LIMit
LIM |
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LIMIT TEST (CIRC) |
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Low limit |
N7:0 |
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Test |
N7:1 |
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High Limit |
N7:2 |
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Description:
Status Bits:
Registers:
This function will check to see if a value is between two limits. If the high limit is larger than the low limit and the test value is >= low limit or <= high limit, then the output is true. If the low limit is higher than the high limit, then a value not between the low and high limits will be true.
none
none
Available on: Micrologix, PLC-5
MEQ - Masked EQual
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MEQ |
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MASKED EQUAL |
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Source |
N7:0 |
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Mask |
N7:1 |
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Compare |
N7:2 |
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Description:
Status Bits:
The Source and Mask values are ANDed together. This will screenout bits not on in the mask. The value is then compared to the ‘Compare’ value. If the values are equal, the output is true.
none
Registers: none
Available on: Micrologix, PLC-5