- •Contents
- •Preface
- •Contributors
- •01 Neuroanatomy
- •03 Seizures and Epilepsy
- •04 Disorders of Myelination
- •05 Tumors of the Nervous System
- •06 Headache and Pain Disorders
- •I. Episodic Headache
- •A. Episodic Headaches Lasting More than Four Hours
- •07 Behavioral Neurology
- •08 Movement Disorders
- •09 Diseases of the Nerves
- •10 Diseases of the Muscles
- •I. Bacteria
- •I. Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
- •Index
Comprehensive Board Review in Neurology
h
Comprehensive Board Review in Neurology
Mark K. Borsody, M.D., Ph.D.
Director
Northern Neurosciences, Inc.
Dearborn, Michigan
Thieme
New York • Stuttgart
Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Ave.
New York, NY 10001
Executive Editor: Timothy Hiscock Editorial Assistant: David Price
Vice President, Production and Electronic Publishing: Anne T. Vinnicombe Production Editor: Print Matters, Inc.
Sales Director: Ross Lumpkin
Associate Marketing Director: Verena Diem Chief Financial Officer: Peter van Woerden President: Brian D. Scanlan
Compositor: Compset, Inc. Printer: Everbest Printing Co.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Borsody, Mark K.
Comprehensive board review in neurology/Mark K. Borsody. p. ; cm.
ISBN 1-58890-406-7 (US-HC)—ISBN 3-13-142971-2 (GTV-HC) 1. Neurology—Examinations, questions, etc. I. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Nervous System Diseases—Examination Questions. WL 18.2 B738c 2006] RC356.B67 2006
616.80076—dc22
2006044639
Copyright ©2007 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation without the publisher’s consent is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage.
Important note: Medical knowledge is ever-changing. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy may be required. The authors and editors of the material herein have consulted sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error by the authors, editors, or publisher of the work herein or changes in medical knowledge, neither the authors, editors, or publisher, nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation of this work, warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they are not responsible for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of such information. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this publication is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.
Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain.
Printed in China
5 4 3 2 1
TMP ISBN 1-58890-406-7 978-1-58890-406-5
GTV ISBN 3-13-142971-2 978-3-13-142971-1
To Dr. Juan J. Cayaffa, professor emeritus of the Department of Neurology at the Northwestern Memorial Hospital.
A neurologist could have no better teacher, and a man no better role model.
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
. .ix |
|
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
. .xi |
|
1. |
Neuroanatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
. .1 |
|
Jose Rafols, Gregory Van Stavern, and Edwin M. Monsell |
|
2. |
Vascular Diseases of the Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
.55 |
|
Renee Bailey Van Stavern |
|
3. |
Seizures and Epilepsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
.80 |
|
Jagdish Shah and Demian Naguib |
|
4. |
Disorders of Myelination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
104 |
|
Rana Zabad |
|
5. |
Tumors of the Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
119 |
|
Jeffrey Raizer |
|
6. |
Headache and Pain Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
137 |
|
M. Maher Fakhouri |
|
7. |
Behavioral Neurology and Psychiatry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
154 |
|
Randall R. Benson, Prasanth Manthena, and David Kemp |
|
8. |
Movement Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
183 |
|
Edwin B. George |
|
9. |
Diseases of the Nerves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
203 |
|
Nancy J. Cao |
|
10. |
Diseases of the Muscles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
230 |
|
Demian Naguib |
|
11. |
Infections of the Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
249 |
|
Alexandros C. Tselis |
|
12. |
Developmental and Metabolic Diseases of the Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
269 |
|
Alexander G. Bassuk |
|
13. |
Systemic Diseases Affecting the Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
293 |
|
Jayant Khitha |
|
Index |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
303 |
Contents
vii
Preface
In the inner cover of this medical text the reader will find buried among the copyright and library cataloguing information a disclaimer, one stating something to the effect that “medicine is a rapidly changing science.” What an understatement! The hands of science have only recently touched medicine; nonetheless, medicine is undergoing a thorough reshaping by this most merciless of sculptors. It is this rapid change in the field of medicine, as well as the breadth and depth of its existing knowledge base, that requires us as physicians to set about organizing the available information in order to master it.
Not incidentally, physicians must take board examinations exactly because medicine is such an immense and rapidly changing discipline. As difficult as it may be to believe from where you, the potential reader of this review book, find yourself, there are many good reasons to require physicians to take—and periodically retake—board examinations.
I began organizing my personal notes on the field of neurology five years ago, when I was a resident at the Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Doing so was mostly force of habit, but early on I structured the notes so that I could use them in preparation for the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) written examination. As my notes developed and the possibility of publishing them as a review book became a reality, I was fortunate enough to find experts in every subsection of neurology and in the related areas of psychiatry and medicine who diligently worked on these notes-cum-chapters to pare them down, fill them out, and otherwise tune them up. These experts were
also most helpful with developing the numerous tables and with identifying key diagrams and neuroimaging slides that you will find in this review book; such organizational items are intended to easily summarize large amounts of material for the time-pressed reader. Additionally, an excellent young pathologist, Dr. Chisa Yamada, kindly provided important pathology slides and assisted with the description of key histopathological abnormalities of common neurological disorders. With the assistance of these experts (whom I acknowledge deservedly as editors), I am confident that we have assembled the most comprehensive and up-to-date review book possible.
Of course no book would be of much value if there were only a single copy of it stashed away in the author’s study. I am indebted to the forethought of the people of Thieme Medical Publishing, who were quick to recognize the importance of a comprehensive board review book in neurology and who have been immensely supportive of its development. In particular, I would like to thank Thieme’s Executive Editor, Mr. Timothy Hiscock, who has been a sound shepherd of this review book from its inception. I am already looking forward to working on subsequent editions with this wonderful crew. To that end, I trust that you, the reader, will help by sending me your questions or comments.
Now, on to the book. Study hard!
Mark Borsody
http//www.northern–neurosciences.com
Preface
ix
Contributors
Editor
Mark K. Borsody, M.D., Ph.D.
Director
Northern Neurosciences, Inc.
Dearborn, Michigan
General Editor of Pathology
Chisa Yamada, M.D.
Department of Pathology
Montefiore Medical Center
Bronx, New York
Contributors
Alexander G. Bassuk, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois
Randall R. Benson, M.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Neurology
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan
Nancy J. Cao, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Neurology
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan
M. Maher Fakhouri, M.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Neurology
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan
Edwin B. George, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Neurology
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan
David Kemp, M.D.
Research Fellow
Bipolar Disorder Research Center
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio
Jayant Khitha, M.D.
Department of Cardiology
Louisianna State University Health Sciences
Center–Shreveport
Shreveport, Louisianna
Prasanth Manthena, M.D.
Department of Neurology
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois
Edwin M. Monsell, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor
Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan
Demian Naguib, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Neurology
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan
Jose Rafols, Ph.D.
Professor
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan
Jeffrey Raizer, M.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Neurology
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois
Jagdish Shah, M.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Neurology
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan
Contributors
xi
Alexandros C. Tselis, M.D., Ph.D |
Renee Bailey Van Stavern, M.D. |
Assistant Professor |
Assistant Professor |
Department of Neurology |
Department of Neurology |
Wayne State University School of Medicine |
Wayne State University School of Medicine |
Detroit, Michigan |
Detroit, Michigan |
Gregory Van Stavern, M.D. |
Rana Zabad, M.D. |
Assistant Professor |
Hotchkiss Brain Institute |
Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology |
University of Calgary |
Wayne State University School of Medicine |
Calgary, Canada |
Detroit, Michigan |
|
Contributors
xii