книги / Ученые горной и нефтегазовой отрасли коммуникативные задачи в обучении иноязычному информативному чтению. Ч. 1

11.Вы – студент Абердинского университета, расположенного в Шотландии. Подготовьтесь и выступите на международной конференции с докладом о шотландском геологе и путешественнике Р.И. Мурчисоне, чья научная и практическая деятельность повлияла на развитие геологии России.

12.Вы – участник международной студенческой конференции. Используйте подготовленные вами в процессе выполнения упражнений вопросы относительно содержания докладов и примите участие в дискуссии с уточняющими и дополняющими вопросами.

13.Вы – ведущий международной студенческой конференции. Подведите итоги и завершите конференцию, используя лексические средства для закрытия конференции.

Лексические единицы для решения коммуникативных задач в рамках ситуации «Студенческая конференция по проблемам теоретического и практического вклада российских и зарубежных ученых в добывающую и нефегазовую сферу деятельности»

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Микротексты

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Danie Gerhardus Krige (1919 – 2013) was a South African statistician and mining engineer who pioneered the field of geostatistics and was professor at the University of the Witwatersrand, Republic of South Africa. The technique of kriging is named after him. Krige's empirical work to evaluate mineral resources was formalised in the 1960s by French engineer Georges Matheron.

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Henri-Philibert-Gaspard Darcy (born June 10, 1803, Dijon, France – died Jan. 3, 1858, Paris), French hydraulic engineer who first derived the equation (now known as Darcy’s law) that governs the laminar (nonturbulent) flow of fluids in homogeneous, porous media and who thereby established the theoretical foundation of groundwater hydrology.

After studying in Paris, Darcy returned to his native city of Dijon, where he was entrusted with the design and construction of the municipal water supply system. During the course of this work, he conducted experiments on pipe flow and demonstrated that resistance to flow depended on the surface roughness of the pipe material, which previously had not been considered a factor. Planning to use the technique of water purification by filtration through sand, he also studied cases in which the pipe was filled with sand. From the data gathered, he derived the law that bears his name. The darcy is the standard unit of permeability.

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Marion King Hubbert (born Oct. 5, 1903, San Saba, Texas, U.S. – died Oct. 11, 1989, Bethesda, Md.), American geophysicist and geologist known for his theory of the migration of fluids in subsurface rock strata. He became an authority on the migration and entrapment of petroleum and the social implications of world mineralresource exploitation.

Hubbert was educated at Weatherford College in Texas and at the University of Chicago. He was made an instructor of geophysics at Columbia University (1931–1940), a research geophysicist for the Shell Oil Company (1943–1964), and a professor at Stanford University (1964–1968) in California. He was based thereafter at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. His books include Theory of Ground-Water Motion (1940) and Energy Resources (1962).

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Arlen L. Edgar was born in Stephenville in 1934. He graduated from Tarleton State University, a two-year school, and then transferred to The University of Texas where he graduated with a B.S. in Petroleum Engineering in 1957. He was employed with Pan American Petroleum Corporation in Odessa.

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From 1961 to 1967 he worked for Leibrock, Landreth, Campbell and Callaway as a reservoir engineer, moving up to manager of the Consulting Division. Edgar also worked for Kanata Exploration Company, a Canadian oil producing company and offshore exploration company which engaged in oil and gas exploration in South Louisiana. From 1967 to 1971, Edgar served as vice president, president and director of Tipperary Land and Exploration and as managing director in Brisbane, Australia.

In 1971, Edgar became general manager of Western States Producing Company which was involved in oil and gas exploration, development and production in West Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Canada. In 1973, he ventured out as an independent consultant and investor in drilling deals.

Edgar has represented the West Texas oil and gas community on local, state and national levels, serving many offices for the Society of Petroleum Engineers, the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers and the Society of Independent Professional Earth Scientists.

Text 5

George P. Mitchell was born in Galveston in 1919. He graduated first in his class with a petroleum engineering degree with an emphasis in geology from Texas A&M University in 1940. After a short time with Amoco, he was commissioned a lieutenant in the Army Corps of Engineers.

Afterward, Mitchell joined a newly formed wildcatting company, Oil Drilling Inc., first as a consulting geologist and engineer and later as a partner. He was named president in 1959 and under his leadership the company evolved into one of the nation’s largest independent oil and gas producers. Over his career, Mitchell participated in over 10,000 wells including 1,000 wildcats and found more than 200 oil and 350 gas discoveries.

His crowning accomplishment was pioneering drilling and completion technologies that helped create the shale gas revolution. He enabled the first viable production of gas in the Barnett Shale employing the first successful application of hydraulic fracturing. His unconventional thinking and unwavering determination changed the energy future for the United States.

Mitchell served as a member of the National Petroleum Council and three terms as president of the Texas Independent Producers and Royalty Owners Association. He was a director of the Gas Research Institute and a member of the World Resources Institute Council.

Text 6

L.D. “Buddy” Sipes, Jr. was born in Big Spring and received his B.S. in Petroleum Engineering, graduating with honors from Texas Tech in 1957. He went to work for Core Laboratories, Inc. receiving engineering and consulting assignments in Dallas, Midland and Paris, France.

From 1958 to 1960 and again from 1961 to 1962, he served as a U.S. Army First Lieutenant. After completing his commission, Core Laboratory moved him to Midland to establish a consulting office. Two years later, Sipes joined a local petroleum

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consulting firm, which he and his associates purchased and renamed Sipes, Williamson & Associates, Inc. In 1980, Sipes formed Chisos Operating, Inc., an independent oil and gas firm. In 1990, he founded Diversified Remediation, Inc., an environmental cleanup company headquartered in Houston.

As a widely respected petroleum engineer, especially in the areas of reservoirs and evaluating reserves, he has had a major impact on the industry. He has co-authored several published papers, including Rock Properties of the Permian Basin Formations and the Reeves Field, both part of the Oil and Gas Fields in West Texas Symposium in 1966. Characteristics of a San Andres Reservoir (1965) and Determination of Gas in Place for a Delaware Basin Ellenburger Field (1969) provided baseline data and calculations that have been referenced in numerous works through the early 1980’s and early 1990’s.

Sipes’s work has helped establish definitions and accepted standards for reservoir engineering. They were also used by the Texas Water Development Board (1972) and the U.S. Department of Energy (1995) in planning efforts and policy decisions. He has played a critical role in shaping the development of the industry from the pespective of the course of development and by establishing globally recognized standards used throughout the industry.

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Oxford Wordpower Dictionary

Gas – a substance like air that is not a solid or a liquid. Geologist – an expert in geology or a student of geology. Geology – the study of rocks and of the way they are formed. Mineral – a natural substance such as coal, salt, oil, etc, especially one that is found in the ground: a country rich in minerals. Oil – a thick dark liquid that comes from under the ground and is used as fuel or to make machines work smoothly.

Oil field – an area where there is oil under the ground or under the sea.

. Petroleum – mineral oil that is found under the ground or sea and is used to make petrol, plastic and other types of chemical substances.

Rock – the hard, solid material that forms part of the surface of the earth: layers of rock formed over millions of years.

Fossil fuels

The energy-containing materials which were converted over many thousands of years from their original form of trees, plants and other organisms after being buried in the ground. Physical and chemical processes occurred in the Earth's crust that changed them into coal, peat, oil or natural gas

Hydrocarbon

A naturally occurring organic compound comprising hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons can be as simple as methane [CH4], but many are highly complex molecules, and can occur as gases, liquids or solids. The molecules can have the shape of chains, branching chains, rings or other structures. Petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. The most common hydrocarbons are natural gas, oil and coal.

Petroleum

A complex mixture of naturally occurring hydrocarbon compounds found in rock. Petroleum can range from solid to gas, but the term is generally used to refer to liquid crude oil. Impurities such as sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen are common in petroleum. There is considerable variation in color, gravity, odor, sulfur content and viscosity in petroleum from different areas.

Raw natural gas

Gas produced from the well, unprocessed natural gas or the inlet natural gas to a plant. The raw gas still contains natural gas liquids (condensate, natural gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas), water and some other impurities such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and helium. The raw gas must be processed in a gas processing plant to make the gas commercial.

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Raw natural gas

Gas coming directly from the wellbore containing nonhydrocarbon contaminants and hydrocarbons that can be liquefied.

Rotary drilling

A method of making hole that relies on continuous circular motion of the bit to break rock at the bottom of the hole. This method, made popular after the discovery of the East Texas Field by "Dad" Joiner in 1930, is much more efficient than the alternative, cable tool drilling. Rotary drilling is a nearly continuous process, because cuttings are removed as drilling fluids circulate through the bit and up the wellbore to the surface. Cable tool operations are discontinuous and cuttings removal is inefficient. This difference in efficiency becomes particularly significant as hole depth increases.

Oil field

An accumulation, pool or group of pools of oil in the subsurface. An oil field consists of a reservoir in a shape that will trap hydrocarbons and that is covered by an impermeable or sealing rock. Typically, industry professionals use the term with an implied assumption of economic size.

Oil well

A producing well with oil as its primary commercial product. Oil wells almost always produce some gas and frequently produce water. Most oil wells eventually produce mostly gas or water.

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Ведущие слова-понятия добывающей и нефтегазовой отрасли

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Средства выражения членов предложения в английском языке

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Дополнение

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