6758

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I am not = I'm not He is not = He's not (He isn't)

We are not = We're not (We aren't)

Глагол to be в английском языке имеет множество функций. Однако, так как данное учебное пособие имеет экономическую направленность, целесообразно обратить особое внимание на те случаи, когда to be выступает в роли глагола-

связки и при этом используется в определениях (дефинициях).

За глаголом-связкой be может следовать существительное, прилагательное,

герундий, инфинитив или числительное. Перед инфинитивом глагол be

переводится словами значить; заключаться в том, чтобы, а во всех остальных случаях глагол-связка to be имеет значение «быть», «являться» и чаще всего не переводится, например:

*He is a manager.

*Economics is a social science.

Read the text “Economics” again and underline the s entences with Present Simple Tense. Analyze its usage.

Grammar exercises

Exercise 1. Complete each sentence using the appropriate form of to be.

1.Natural gas __________ a major Ukranian import from Russia.

2.I __________ very busy at the moment.

3.Market leaders __________ the companies or products with the largest market share.

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4.There __________ still a whole month till presentation.

5.Profit __________ money made or gained in business.

6.The main competitor _________ the most important company in the same market.

Exercise 2. Complete each sentence using the Present Simple of the verbs in brackets.

1.The company _________ over 7000 people. (employ)

2.New Zealand and Austria ________ to reduce import duties. (plan)

3.My friend __________ BBC news every morning. (watch)

4.DVDs ________ so much more in Brazil than elsewhere. (cost)

5.The company _________ the factory in Leeds. (sell)

6.Market research _________ information about what people want, need and buy. (provide)

7.They ________ a new car onto the market. (introduce)

Exercise 3. Insert the appropriate form of to be where necessary.

1.Our ____ main ____ overseas _____ market _____ China.

2.Prices _____ extremely ____ high ____ in this ____part ____ of the city.

3.How _____ much _____ that ____ TV stand?

4.The wholesale ____ price ____ always _____ lower _____ than _____ the marketing _____ price.

5.Sales ____ forecast _____ the amount ____ you ____ hope ____ to sell _____ next

_____ two years.

Exercise 4. Put questions to the words in bold.

1.Sales target means the amount you would like to sell in the future.

2.10.000 American companies now do business in China.

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3.I probably spend over $100 a month on electricity.

4.He works in a bank.

5.Agatha runs the sales in the marketing department.

6.Sales representative is a very qualified person.

Exercise 5. Make up questions.

1.the / do / what / company?

2.name / the / company / your / of / what?

3.many / company / the / employ / people / how?

4.new / impress / product / everybody?

5.what / marketing / think / manager / about?

6.this / where / conference /take / place?

Exercise 6. Read the information about a Swiss watch manufacturer and fill in the gaps with the words from the box.

Nicolas Hayek is the founder and President of SMH. SMH is a Swiss watch

1) _______ with its head office in Zurich, Switzerland, and a large, modern factory in Granges, France.

It 2) ________ 14,000 people. There are twelve 3) ________ in the group, including Tissot, Omega and Swatch.

The company’s most famous product is the Swatch watch. The Swatch has a quartz mechanism but only fifty one parts. A new collection 4) __________ twice a year with forty new 5) __________ . SMH sells ten million watches a year.

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The factory in Granges is open twenty-four hours a day, with a 6) ________

production of 35,000 watches. Created in 1983, the company makes large 7) ________

every year, but a Swatch watch still only 8) _________ J 25, the same price as in 1983. Nicolas Hayek is now sixty-five, but he has no plans to 9) ________. One day he

hopes to 10) _________ the Swatch car, a revolutionary automobile for the century. But it’s not ‘all work to play’ for Mr. Hayek. In h is free time he plays a lot of tennis with his friend Jean-Paul Belmondo, the 11) _________ actor.

Unit 2

Economists

Lead-in

1.Do you think that all the economists are alike? Or is there any difference between them? What is common for different types of economists?

2.Read the text to make sure that your ideas are correct

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There are three general categories of economists: business economists, government economists and academic economists. Each of them applies the economic approach to decision making in different settings.

Business economists work in manufacturing, mining, transportation, communications, banking, insurance, retailing, investment, and other types of organizations. They also work in trade associations and consulting organizations.

Government economists are hired by federal, state and local governments. They occupy a wide variety of positions involving analysis and policy making.

A bachelor's degree in economics is a good qualification for an entry position. Higher positions are open when you obtain a graduate degree. There are jobs for labor, international, development, and population economists, as well as microand macroeconomists.

In order to teach at a college level an economist has to have a Ph.D. in economics. Faculty members usually teach, conduct research and have administrative responsibilities. Many academic economists also consult businesses or government.

Non-profit sector needs the expertise of professional economists. Economists working for such groups are expected to analyze issues and to write about them in a simple way which can be understood both by the average citizen and by elected lawmakers and government bureaucrats responsible for making and implementing policy.

VOCABULARY

to apply the economic approach – использовать экономический подход setting - ситуация, обстановка

manufacturing – производство

mining - горнодобывающая промышленность insurance - страховое дело

retailing - розничная торговля

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trade associations – торговые ассоциации to be hired by – быть нанятым кем-то policy making – законотворчество bachelor's degree – степень бакалавра entry position - стартовая позиция

graduate degree - степень магистра или доктора наук population - население

conduct research - проводить исследования non-profit sector - некоммерческий сектор expertise - опыт, знание дела

analyze - анализировать

average citizen - зд. среднестатистический гражданин elected lawmaker - избранный законодатель

to implement a policy - проводить политику в жизнь

Activity 1. Answer the following questions referring to the text

1.Where do business economists work?

2.What is the qualification for an entry position in federal, state and local governments?

3.What do you need to teach economics at a college level?

4.What do faculty members do?

5.What do economists in non-profit sector do?

Activity 2. Complete the following sentences with the words from the box

economic teach

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Activity 3. Match the words in A with the correct definition in B

Activity 4. Write sentences with the following words:

1.retailing

2.economic

3.expert

4.policy

5.investment

6.prestigious

7.well-paid

8.responsibility

Activity 5. Translate into English using the words from the text

- Экономисты работают в трех секторах — коммерческом (бизнесе),

правительственном и секторе высшего образования.

- Бизнес-экономисты работают в различных сферах, но чаще всего на

производстве, транспорте, в сфере коммуникаций, страховом деле и розничной торговле.

- Все экономисты применяют один и тот же подход, но в разных ситуациях.

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Activity 6. Discuss

An economist often specializes in a certain area of the economy. What area of the economy would you like to specialize in? And why?

(use the Present Simple Tense if possible)

Unit 3

Management

Lead-in

1.What is management? Is it an art or a science? An instinct or a set of skills and techniques that can be taught?

2.What do you think makes a good manager? Which four of the following qualities do you think are the most important?

A.being decisive: able to make quick decisions

B.being efficient: doing things quickly, not leaving tasks unfinished, having a tidy desk etc.

C.being friendly and sociable

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D.being able to communicate with people

E.being logical, rational and analytical

F.being able to motivate, inspire and lead people

G.being authoritative: able to give orders

H.being competent: knowing one’s job perfectly

I.being persuasive: able to convince people to do things

J.having good ideas

K.being highly educated and knowing a lot about the world

L.being prepared to work 50 to 60 hours a week

M.wanting to make a lot of money

Are there any qualities to be added to the list?

Which of these qualities can be acquired and which qualities you must be born with?

3.Read the following text and find out whether five different functions of management mentioned here require the qualities you selected.

What is management?

The work of a manager can be divided into planning (setting objectives),

organizing, integrating (motivating and communicating), measuring, and developing

people.

■First of all, managers (especially senior managers, such as company chairmen) set objectives, and decide how their organization can achieve them. This involves developing strategies, plans, precise tactics and allocating resources of people and money.

■Secondly, managers organize. They analyze and classify the activities of the organization and the relations among them. They select people to manage these units and perform the jobs.