6758

■arms

■broke ties with

■domestic consumption

■fall back on

■infrastructure

■open to

■privileged elite

■run down

■Socialist Bloc

■the future holds

■turnover

1.

Factories become ………… if management don’t look afte

r buildings and invest in

new equipment.

2.

Nobody

really knows

what …………, but you

s

hould make plans anyway.

3.

Many countries make lots of money selling …………… lik

e tanks and guns to

foreign armies.

4.

In the West, the Communist countries of the USSR were called the ……………….

5.

When he left the company, he …………. all his old coll

eagues.

6.

It’s good to have some savings to ……………. during har

d times.

7.

The company was very …………… my proposal for a new

range of products.

8.

Most of the wealth in modern industrial countries is owned by a small ………….

9.

Products

for ………….. are only

sold in the

country where they are made.

10.The ……………. Means the roads, railways, power and com

munication networks

that industry needs.

11.The ………….. of our new products has been very high a

nd we have gained a good

income from them.

1

V

2

M

3

U

4

E

5

F

6

N

7

G

8

9

D

10

M

11

P

53

7.

The process or rate of growing and developing.

8.

People who lend money to companies so that they can grow.

9.

Articles for sale.

deposit

advertising

customer needs

storing and lending

The four Ps

investment

exports

value

liquidity

marketing

account

orientation

interest

54

1.

In popular usage, the term “……………….” refers to the

promotion of products,

especially advertising and branding.

2.

‘………………..’ form the basis of the marketing mix.

3.

Promotion

includes …………, sales promotion, publicit

y, and personal selling,

and refers to the various methods of promoting the product, brand or company.

4.

Most companies today have a consumer ………... This im

plies that the company

focuses its activities and products on …………...

5.

………………..refers

to how easily money can

circulate.

7.

Money

in

a bank savings ………….., ho

wever, will earn interest.

8.

Apart

from

………………..money, banks offer ot

her financial services.

9.

Basically, banks make a living by charging ……….on l

oans. Of course, when you

make a …………. into a bank savings account, the ba

nk pays you interest on that

money.

10.

………….. from abroad was not encouraged because the g

overnment wanted full

control of production and prices

11.

In fact, energy resources make up over two thirds of Russia’s ………...

III.

Complete

the

sentences using

the correct passive

form

of the verbs in

brackets

1.

Top managers ……… by a company’s board of director

s. (appoint and supervise

and dismiss)

2.

Marketing methods ……..by many of the social s

ciences. (use)

3.

Products for domestic consumption

only …….

in

the

country where they are

made. (sell)

4.

A small amount of the total savings ……… by t

he bank so that customers can

make withdrawals. (keep)

5.

Products often ……… to meet the desires of gro

ups of customers. (develop).

IV. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box

to

of

in

into(2)

by

with

for

on(3)

1.

McCarthy divided marketing ……… four general sets of

activities.

2.

Many firms, such as research and development focused companies, successfully

focus ………. product innovation.

3.

The term “marketing” refers …. the promotion of pro

ducts, advertising, branding

4.

The

mix

of the Four Ps must

reflect

purchasing power

………the

consumers……..the target market.

5.

Twohundred of people are employed ………..

our

company.

6.

Shortages ………… simple things like

shoes

were

common.

7.

The company is run…….. three brothers.

8.

The

prices

are specified……..

the

VAT

account

56

9. Basically, banks make a living by charging interest

………. loans. Of course,

when you make a deposit

…… a bank savings acco

unt, the bank pays you

interest …….. that money.

CONTENTS

Unit 1.

Econimics……………………………………………………

3

Unit 2.

Economists………………………………………………….. 14

Unit 3.

Management ……………………………………………….. 19

Unit 4.

Marketing …………………………………………………..

29

Unit 5.

Banks ……………………………………………………….. 41

Unit 6.

Russia’s foreign trade ……………………………………...

47

6.

Raymond Murphy. English in use. Cambridge University Press. 2007

7.

Голицынский Ю. Б. Грамматика:

сборник упражнений. СПб: КАРО 2001

8.

СаакянА.С. «Exercises in Modern

English Grammar”, Айрис-Пресс, 2006