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2. Use the expressions from the exercise above to write about the advantages of ICF technology.
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Activity 7 |
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Grammar |
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Review |
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1. Study the table and pay attention to different uses of |
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“-ing“ forms |
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Часть речи |
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В |
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В переводе на |
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английском |
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Примеры |
Перевод на русский язык |
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языке |
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русский язык |
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Participle I |
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Глагол |
When the workers were |
Когда рабочие строили эту |
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(в составе |
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building the dam, they |
плотину, они использовали |
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Continuous) |
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used local materials. |
местные материалы. |
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Participle I |
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Деепричастие |
Building the dam, the |
Строя эту плотину, |
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workers used local |
рабочие использовали |
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обстоятельс |
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materials. |
местные материалы. |
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тво) |
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Participle I |
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Причастие |
The workers building |
Рабочие, строившие эту |
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the dam used only local |
плотину, применяли только |
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определе- |
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materials. |
местные материалы. |
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ние) |
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Gerund |
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Отглагольное |
Building the dam took |
Строительство этой |
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Существитель- |
six months. |
плотины заняло шесть |
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месяцев. |
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Verbal noun |
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Отглагольное |
The building of the dam |
Строительство этой |
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Существитель- |
took six months. |
плотины заняло шесть |
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месяцев. |
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Gerund |
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Прилагатель- |
The use of local |
Использование местных |
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building materials |
строительных материалов |
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reduced the cost. |
сократило стоимость. |
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Noun |
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Существитель- |
The new building of the |
Новое здание университета |
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University has already |
уже построено. |
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been built. |
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2.Find all the “-ing“ forms in the article, state their parts of speech and translate them into Russian.
3.Complete the sentences below by matching two halves of each of them. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. The potential for this technology is |
a. … including the roof and conduits |
immense in terms of the possible |
for plumbing and electricity. |
applications… |
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2. The construction industry has a |
b. … significantly reducing manual |
huge negative impact on the |
labour and exchanging physical |
environment… |
power for brainpower.… |
3. Dr Behrokh Khoshnevis predicts |
c. … generating construction waste |
that the system will soon erect a |
and exploiting natural resources. |
2000-thousand-square-foot home in a |
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single day… |
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4. This rapid construction minimises |
d. … including emergency shelters, |
the costs ob building projects… |
low-income housing and extra- |
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terrestrial houses. |
4. Participle I and Gerund are often used to shorten complex sentences. Study the complex sentences in the left column of the table and find their shortened variant in paragraph II of the text above.
If you use this building technology you get wall resistance to heat transfer (wall thermal efficiency, R- Value) R = 2.90°C/w per sq., which shows doubtless advantage in comparison with other building technologies.
It is obvious that when one builds a warm brick wall with a similar to ICF wall thermal efficiency will cost 2.5 times more.
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5.Shorten or change the following sentences using Participle I and Gerund. Example: 1.Many of Aircrete’s (aerated concrete) innovative products and construction methods employ simple, easily-learned skills. This helps to overcome one of the key barriers to the adoption of modern methods of construction. Many of Aircrete’s (aerated concrete) innovative products and construction methods employ simple, easily learned skills overcoming one of the key barriers to the adoption of modern methods of construction.
2. To provide emergency shelters is one of the possible applications of Contour Crafting technology. Providing emergency shelters is one of the possible applications of Contour Crafting technology.
a.This innovative build method utilises the light weight and thermal performance of Aircrete to create a solid floor that can significantly reduce heat losses and minimise the amount of secondary insulation.
b.The 'thin joint' method of construction, which utilises mortar joints less than 3mm, allows Aircrete walls to be built very rapidly.
c.With the mortar setting in an hour or so, many courses can be built in a day, which makes house completions possible in a significantly shorter time period.
d.If you combine structural Aircrete elements with Aircrete walls and foundations, an entire house can be constructed very rapidly.
e.To build is really not a job for human beings in this day and age.
f.When you use this process a single house or a colony of houses, each with possibly a different design, may be automatically constructed in a single run.
g.Contour Crafting is a recent fabrication technology that has a great potential in automated construction of whole structures as well as subcomponents.
h.The scientist says it’s possible that the robot could run along rails on the ground while it spits out several houses at a time.
i.“It’s much like as if you print on paper,” engineer Behrokh Khoshnevis says of his $30 000 brainchild.
j.Later this year the engineer plans to demonstrate a prototype that can put up 500-square-foot emergency shelters. (Can=capable of)
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Activity 8
Both Participle I and Gerund help to describe a process. Besides, there are a number of other structures which can be used for this purpose.
1.As…which …
As structural Aircrete elements are combined with Aircrete walls and foundations, an entire house can be constructed very rapidly, which makes onsite working fast, flexible and versatile.
2.At the same time …which …
At the same time concrete is poured into vertical and horizontal cavities which are located in blocks from expanded polystyrene.
3. When …and …
When ICF blocks are made of polystyrene PCB-C they do not support combustion and this increases fire resistance limit of an ICF wall to 2.5 hours.
4. …which … and …
The 'thin joint' method of construction utilises mortar joints, which allows Aircrete walls to be built very rapidly and makes house completions possible in a shorter time period.
Activity 9 1. Study the instruction “Foam concrete manufacture using a mobile complex” given by the Russian building company “Alina” specializing in progressive building technologies. (left-hand column of the table). Underline the key words in each paragraph.
Описание технологического процесса приготовления пенобетона на мобильном пенобетоносмесительном комплексе.
Устройство мобильного комплекса.
Мобильный комплекс состоит из двух блоков: блока накопительного БН и блока пенобетоносмесительного БПБС.
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Устройство мобильного комплекса иллюстрируется технологической схемой.
Блок накопительный БН (верхний |
Supply unit SU (top unit) |
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контейнер) состоит из: |
consists of three reservoirs: |
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- дополнительного бункера цемента 2; |
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for cement (2) |
- дополнительного бункера золы-уноса |
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for fly ashes (5) |
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for water (9). Water |
- съемных трубопроводов 1 и 4 подачи |
reservoir (9) with the feed |
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цемента и золы-уноса в бункеры; |
pipeline, waste pipe for water |
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- люков загрузки 3 и 6 цемента и золы- |
drain and water level control, |
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уноса в бункеры; |
two branch pipes for hot water |
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- емкости для воды; |
feed from the boiler and a |
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- съемной лестницы для доступа на |
reverse pipe for cold. |
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верхний контейнер. |
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two air bag filters (3 and |
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6) |
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drive pipes from an |
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external supply for cement (1) |
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and for fly ashes (4) |
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Блок пенобетоносмесительный БПБС |
Foam concrete mixer FCM |
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(нижний контейнер) состоит из: |
(bottom unit) consists of: |
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- бункера цемента 2; |
- conical parts: batchers of |
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- бункера золы-уноса 5; |
cement 2) and fly ashes (5) |
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- шиберы и винтовые дозаторы цемента |
- spiral suppliers of cement (7) |
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7 и золы-уноса 8 приводимые в |
and fly ashes (8) |
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движения электродвигателями; |
- batching water pump (10) |
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processing foam generator |
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- бака для приготовления и накопления |
and accumulator (12) |
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рабочего раствора пенообразователя 11; |
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compressor |
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receiver |
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- компрессора с ресивером 13; |
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- foam generator (14) |
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- пеногенератора 14; |
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- foam concrete mixer (15) |
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- пенобетоносмесителя 15; |
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- foam concrete mix screw |
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- винтового растворонасоса 16; |
pump (16) |
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- отопительного котла 17 с трубой для |
- heater (17) with exhaust line |
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отвода продуктов сгорания и баллона с |
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reducer |
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природного газа. |
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- блок управления агрегатами, блок |
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контроля и индикации, - шланг для |
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подачи |
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пенобетонной |
смеси |
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объект |
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строительства. |
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Принцип работы. |
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How it works. |
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Принцип работы мобильного комплекса |
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to work on |
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способе |
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continuous |
fill |
material |
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дозирования |
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компонентов, |
batching |
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приготовления пенобетонной смеси и ее |
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mixing of foam concrete |
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перекачке по рукаву к месту укладки. |
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to supply to |
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комплекс |
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работает |
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the place of pouring |
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Цемент и зола-уноса |
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cement |
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автоцементовозом и с помощью сжатого |
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fly ashes |
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воздуха перекачиваются по загрузочным |
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to furnish by a trailer |
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трубам 1 и 4 в бункер 2 и 5, из которых |
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to pump air |
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воздух |
отводится |
через |
воздушный |
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the inlet pipe |
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фильтр 3 и 6. |
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reservoir |
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Во время закачки цемента и золы-уноса |
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to carry air out |
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шибер закрывают. |
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the reservoir |
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the air filter |
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the bottom outlet |
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under |
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давлением в расходный бак 9 из |
pressure |
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водопроводной |
сети |
или из |
автобочки. |
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the inlet pipeline |
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достижении |
верхнего |
уровня |
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the water supply network |
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избыток |
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воды |
сбрасывается |
через |
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to achieve the maximum |
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переливной патрубок. Бак 9 имеет два |
level |
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патрубка: один для подвода горячей |
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to drain excess water |
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воды от котла и обратного патрубка для |
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the waste pipe |
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подачи холодной воды в котел. |
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two branch pipes |
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hot water supply |
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a reverse pipe |
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пенообразователя |
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prepare |
processing |
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приготавливается в баке 11, путем |
foam |
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смешивания |
расчетного |
количества |
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to batch water and foamer |
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воды и концентрата пенообразователя. |
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to blend |
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to heat water |
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отопительный водогрейный котел |
17, |
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work |
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liquefied |
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работающий на сжиженном природном |
natural gas |
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газе из баллона 18 или угле. |
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Для дозированной подачи цемента и |
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cement and |
fly ashes |
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полностью |
batching |
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шибера, |
включают приводы винтовых |
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open |
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bottom |
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дозаторов 7 и 8. При этом цемент и зола- |
outlets of the reservoirs |
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уноса равномерно подаются в первый |
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to switch on the spiral |
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отсек |
пенобетоносмесителя |
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15. |
suppliers |
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туда |
же |
подают |
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to feed into the first |
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дозировано |
воду |
через калиброванное |
chamber of the mixer |
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отверстие распылителя воды. |
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to fulfill water batching |
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pressure at |
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the gauged outlet nozzle |
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pressure control |
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to perform by manometer |
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второй |
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отсек |
пенобетоносмесителя |
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the second chamber |
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15 подается из пеногенератора 14 |
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the mixer |
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техническая |
пена. |
Дозирование |
и |
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processing foam |
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требуемое |
качество |
(кратность) пены |
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the rated quality |
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осуществляется |
путем |
подачи |
в |
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to batch |
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форсунку |
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пеногенератроа |
14 |
сжатого |
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the foam generator nozzle |
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воздуха заданного давления и от насоса |
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the precompressed air |
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12 рабочего раствора пенообразователя |
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из бака 11 с заданным давлением. |
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Давление |
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контуров |
контролируется |
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манометрами. |
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Из второго отсека пенобетоносмесителя |
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the second chamber |
15 пенобетонная смесь переливается в |
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the mixer |
бункер винтового насоса 16, откуда |
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foam concrete mix |
перекачивается по резиновому рукаву к |
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to pour over |
месту ее укладки. |
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the bin |
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the spiral pump |
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to pump over |
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the pouring place |
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the rubber hose. |
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Контроль за работой электроприводов |
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power drives |
мобильного комплекса осуществляется с |
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to operate from the |
пульта управления. |
control board |
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2.Compare the key words you underlined with the English ones in the right hand column of the table.
3.Describe the process of producing foam concrete in English. Use:
−key words (right-hand column)
−Gerund, Participle I and other structures to describe the process
−the plan and the questions to follow
PLAN
When we write about the process, we have to:
1.Sequence the stages
2.Locate the stages
3.Describe what happens at each stage
4.Explain what happens at each stage
The description will answer these questions:
1.What’s … for?
2.What are its main components?
3.How are they connected?
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Unit 4 Case Study
A Building Project
Lead in Many construction companies place information about their most successful projects on their websites to attract attention of potential customers.
For example, Williams Scotsman presents their noteworthy project case studies on http://www.willscot.com/case_studies/index.html.
Williams Scotsman, a leader in the mobile and modular building industry, has been solving space needs for over 50 years using the unique Concurrent Construction method available for Modular Buildings. The company can provide you with everything from a simple construction trailer to complex, multi-story buildings such as schools and medical facilities.
Williams Scotsman operates more than 86 locations throughout North America and serves more than 25,000 customers in 450 diverse industries, winning awards and customer accolades along the way.
The unique Concurrent Construction™ process can trim months off a schedule, because the most critical steps occur simultaneously - including site preparation, foundation, utilities and off-site manufacturing of the entire modular structure. As a result, a new space can be occupied sooner and begin producing revenue immediately.
Williams Scotsman's Concurrent Construction™ Process Timeline TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION
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DESIGN |
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ENGINEERING |
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SITE PREPARATION |
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CONSTRUCTION |
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CONCURRENT CONSTRUCTION™ – Nearly Half the Time
DESIGN |
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ENGINEERING |
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SITE PREPARATION |
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TIME SAVINGS |
FABRICATION CONSTRUCTION
What does Concurrent Construction mean? How would you translate it into Russian? Is such construction technique used in Russia?
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Activity 1.
1. Read the case study (on the next page) and see what information you can fill in the table:
Customer
Function of the building
Exterior (drawing/ photo)
Location
Customer requirements
Type of construction
Building technology
Interior plan
Size/ shape
Special features
2. What other information would you include in the project description? (Construction time, project costs, etc.)
3. “A structure must exhibit the three qualities of firmitas, utilitas, venustas - that is, it must be strong or durable, useful, and beautiful.”
(Vitruvius, the 1st century BC)
Do you think that these three qualities are still most important in
modem architecture? Why? What other factors are taken into account while designing a building?
Do you know?
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio was a Roman writer. architect and engineer, active in. He was probably one of the army engineers, constructing war machines for sieges. He was the author of De architectura. known today as
The Ten Books of Architecture. According to Vitruvius, architecture is an imitation of nature.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvius