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40

2. Use the expressions from the exercise above to write about the advantages of ICF technology.

 

Activity 7

 

 

 

 

 

Grammar

 

 

 

 

 

Review

 

1. Study the table and pay attention to different uses of

 

“-ing“ forms

 

 

 

“-ing“ forms

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Часть речи

 

 

 

В

 

В переводе на

 

 

 

английском

 

Примеры

Перевод на русский язык

 

языке

 

русский язык

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Participle I

 

Глагол

When the workers were

Когда рабочие строили эту

 

(в составе

 

 

 

building the dam, they

плотину, они использовали

 

Continuous)

 

 

 

used local materials.

местные материалы.

 

Participle I

 

Деепричастие

Building the dam, the

Строя эту плотину,

 

(как

 

 

 

workers used local

рабочие использовали

 

обстоятельс

 

 

 

materials.

местные материалы.

 

тво)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Participle I

 

Причастие

The workers building

Рабочие, строившие эту

 

(как

 

 

 

the dam used only local

плотину, применяли только

 

определе-

 

 

 

materials.

местные материалы.

 

ние)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gerund

 

Отглагольное

Building the dam took

Строительство этой

 

 

 

Существитель-

six months.

плотины заняло шесть

 

 

 

ное

 

месяцев.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Verbal noun

 

Отглагольное

The building of the dam

Строительство этой

 

 

 

Существитель-

took six months.

плотины заняло шесть

 

 

 

ное

 

месяцев.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gerund

 

Прилагатель-

The use of local

Использование местных

 

 

 

ное

building materials

строительных материалов

 

 

 

 

 

reduced the cost.

сократило стоимость.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noun

 

Существитель-

The new building of the

Новое здание университета

 

 

 

ное

University has already

уже построено.

 

 

 

 

 

been built.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

41

2.Find all the “-ing“ forms in the article, state their parts of speech and translate them into Russian.

3.Complete the sentences below by matching two halves of each of them. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The potential for this technology is

a. … including the roof and conduits

immense in terms of the possible

for plumbing and electricity.

applications…

 

2. The construction industry has a

b. … significantly reducing manual

huge negative impact on the

labour and exchanging physical

environment…

power for brainpower.…

3. Dr Behrokh Khoshnevis predicts

c. … generating construction waste

that the system will soon erect a

and exploiting natural resources.

2000-thousand-square-foot home in a

 

single day…

 

4. This rapid construction minimises

d. … including emergency shelters,

the costs ob building projects…

low-income housing and extra-

 

terrestrial houses.

4. Participle I and Gerund are often used to shorten complex sentences. Study the complex sentences in the left column of the table and find their shortened variant in paragraph II of the text above.

If you use this building technology you get wall resistance to heat transfer (wall thermal efficiency, R- Value) R = 2.90°C/w per sq., which shows doubtless advantage in comparison with other building technologies.

It is obvious that when one builds a warm brick wall with a similar to ICF wall thermal efficiency will cost 2.5 times more.

42

5.Shorten or change the following sentences using Participle I and Gerund. Example: 1.Many of Aircrete’s (aerated concrete) innovative products and construction methods employ simple, easily-learned skills. This helps to overcome one of the key barriers to the adoption of modern methods of construction. Many of Aircrete’s (aerated concrete) innovative products and construction methods employ simple, easily learned skills overcoming one of the key barriers to the adoption of modern methods of construction.

2. To provide emergency shelters is one of the possible applications of Contour Crafting technology. Providing emergency shelters is one of the possible applications of Contour Crafting technology.

a.This innovative build method utilises the light weight and thermal performance of Aircrete to create a solid floor that can significantly reduce heat losses and minimise the amount of secondary insulation.

b.The 'thin joint' method of construction, which utilises mortar joints less than 3mm, allows Aircrete walls to be built very rapidly.

c.With the mortar setting in an hour or so, many courses can be built in a day, which makes house completions possible in a significantly shorter time period.

d.If you combine structural Aircrete elements with Aircrete walls and foundations, an entire house can be constructed very rapidly.

e.To build is really not a job for human beings in this day and age.

f.When you use this process a single house or a colony of houses, each with possibly a different design, may be automatically constructed in a single run.

g.Contour Crafting is a recent fabrication technology that has a great potential in automated construction of whole structures as well as subcomponents.

h.The scientist says it’s possible that the robot could run along rails on the ground while it spits out several houses at a time.

i.“It’s much like as if you print on paper,” engineer Behrokh Khoshnevis says of his $30 000 brainchild.

j.Later this year the engineer plans to demonstrate a prototype that can put up 500-square-foot emergency shelters. (Can=capable of)

43

Activity 8

Both Participle I and Gerund help to describe a process. Besides, there are a number of other structures which can be used for this purpose.

1.As…which …

As structural Aircrete elements are combined with Aircrete walls and foundations, an entire house can be constructed very rapidly, which makes onsite working fast, flexible and versatile.

2.At the same time …which …

At the same time concrete is poured into vertical and horizontal cavities which are located in blocks from expanded polystyrene.

3. When …and …

When ICF blocks are made of polystyrene PCB-C they do not support combustion and this increases fire resistance limit of an ICF wall to 2.5 hours.

4. …which … and …

The 'thin joint' method of construction utilises mortar joints, which allows Aircrete walls to be built very rapidly and makes house completions possible in a shorter time period.

Activity 9 1. Study the instruction “Foam concrete manufacture using a mobile complex” given by the Russian building company “Alina” specializing in progressive building technologies. (left-hand column of the table). Underline the key words in each paragraph.

Описание технологического процесса приготовления пенобетона на мобильном пенобетоносмесительном комплексе.

Устройство мобильного комплекса.

Мобильный комплекс состоит из двух блоков: блока накопительного БН и блока пенобетоносмесительного БПБС.

44

Устройство мобильного комплекса иллюстрируется технологической схемой.

Блок накопительный БН (верхний

Supply unit SU (top unit)

контейнер) состоит из:

consists of three reservoirs:

- дополнительного бункера цемента 2;

-

for cement (2)

- дополнительного бункера золы-уноса

-

for fly ashes (5)

5;

-

for water (9). Water

- съемных трубопроводов 1 и 4 подачи

reservoir (9) with the feed

цемента и золы-уноса в бункеры;

pipeline, waste pipe for water

- люков загрузки 3 и 6 цемента и золы-

drain and water level control,

уноса в бункеры;

two branch pipes for hot water

- емкости для воды;

feed from the boiler and a

- съемной лестницы для доступа на

reverse pipe for cold.

верхний контейнер.

-

two air bag filters (3 and

 

6)

 

 

-

drive pipes from an

 

external supply for cement (1)

 

and for fly ashes (4)

 

 

Блок пенобетоносмесительный БПБС

Foam concrete mixer FCM

(нижний контейнер) состоит из:

(bottom unit) consists of:

- бункера цемента 2;

- conical parts: batchers of

- бункера золы-уноса 5;

cement 2) and fly ashes (5)

- шиберы и винтовые дозаторы цемента

- spiral suppliers of cement (7)

45

7 и золы-уноса 8 приводимые в

and fly ashes (8)

 

 

движения электродвигателями;

- batching water pump (10)

- насоса-дозатора воды 10;

 

 

-

processing foam generator

- бака для приготовления и накопления

and accumulator (12)

 

рабочего раствора пенообразователя 11;

-

compressor

with

receiver

- насоса дозатора пены 12;

 

 

(13)

 

 

- компрессора с ресивером 13;

 

- foam generator (14)

 

- пеногенератора 14;

 

 

 

- foam concrete mixer (15)

- пенобетоносмесителя 15;

 

 

- foam concrete mix screw

- винтового растворонасоса 16;

pump (16)

 

 

- отопительного котла 17 с трубой для

- heater (17) with exhaust line

отвода продуктов сгорания и баллона с

- natural gas bottle (18) with

редуктором

18

для

сжиженного

reducer

 

 

природного газа.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- блок управления агрегатами, блок

 

 

 

 

контроля и индикации, - шланг для

 

 

 

 

подачи

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

пенобетонной

смеси

на

объект

 

 

 

 

строительства.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Принцип работы.

 

 

 

How it works.

 

 

Принцип работы мобильного комплекса

-

to work on

 

 

основан

на

непрерывном

способе

-

continuous

fill

material

дозирования

 

 

компонентов,

batching

 

 

приготовления пенобетонной смеси и ее

-

mixing of foam concrete

перекачке по рукаву к месту укладки.

-

to supply to

 

Мобильный

комплекс

 

работает

-

the place of pouring

следующим образом:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Цемент и зола-уноса

доставляются

-

cement

 

 

автоцементовозом и с помощью сжатого

-

fly ashes

 

 

воздуха перекачиваются по загрузочным

-

to furnish by a trailer

трубам 1 и 4 в бункер 2 и 5, из которых

-

to pump air

 

 

воздух

отводится

через

воздушный

-

the inlet pipe

 

фильтр 3 и 6.

 

 

 

 

-

reservoir

 

 

Во время закачки цемента и золы-уноса

-

to carry air out

 

шибер закрывают.

 

 

 

-

the reservoir

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

the air filter

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

the bottom outlet

 

 

 

 

 

 

Вода через трубопровод заливается под

-

to pour

water

under

давлением в расходный бак 9 из

pressure

 

 

водопроводной

сети

или из

автобочки.

-

the inlet pipeline

 

46

При

достижении

верхнего

уровня

-

the water supply network

избыток

 

воды

сбрасывается

через

-

to achieve the maximum

переливной патрубок. Бак 9 имеет два

level

 

 

 

 

 

патрубка: один для подвода горячей

-

to drain excess water

воды от котла и обратного патрубка для

-

the waste pipe

 

подачи холодной воды в котел.

 

 

-

two branch pipes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

hot water supply

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

a reverse pipe

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Рабочий

 

раствор

пенообразователя

-

to

prepare

processing

приготавливается в баке 11, путем

foam

 

 

 

 

смешивания

расчетного

количества

-

to batch water and foamer

воды и концентрата пенообразователя.

-

to blend

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Для подогрева воды в баке 9 служит

-

to heat water

 

 

отопительный водогрейный котел

17,

-

to

work

on

liquefied

работающий на сжиженном природном

natural gas

 

 

 

газе из баллона 18 или угле.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Для дозированной подачи цемента и

-

cement and

fly ashes

золы-уноса

 

открывают

полностью

batching

 

 

 

 

шибера,

включают приводы винтовых

-

to

open

 

the

bottom

дозаторов 7 и 8. При этом цемент и зола-

outlets of the reservoirs

уноса равномерно подаются в первый

-

to switch on the spiral

отсек

пенобетоносмесителя

 

15.

suppliers

 

 

 

 

Одновременно

туда

же

подают

-

to feed into the first

дозировано

воду

через калиброванное

chamber of the mixer

 

отверстие распылителя воды.

 

 

-

to fulfill water batching

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

to

keep

the

required

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

pressure at

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

the gauged outlet nozzle

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

pressure control

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

to perform by manometer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Во

второй

 

отсек

пенобетоносмесителя

-

the second chamber

15 подается из пеногенератора 14

-

the mixer

 

 

 

техническая

пена.

Дозирование

и

-

processing foam

 

требуемое

качество

(кратность) пены

-

the rated quality

 

осуществляется

путем

подачи

в

-

to batch

 

 

 

форсунку

 

пеногенератроа

14

сжатого

-

the foam generator nozzle

воздуха заданного давления и от насоса

-

the precompressed air

12 рабочего раствора пенообразователя

 

 

 

 

 

 

из бака 11 с заданным давлением.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Давление

 

 

контуров

контролируется

 

 

 

 

 

 

47

манометрами.

 

 

Из второго отсека пенобетоносмесителя

-

the second chamber

15 пенобетонная смесь переливается в

-

the mixer

бункер винтового насоса 16, откуда

-

foam concrete mix

перекачивается по резиновому рукаву к

-

to pour over

месту ее укладки.

-

the bin

 

-

the spiral pump

 

-

to pump over

 

-

the pouring place

 

-

the rubber hose.

 

 

 

Контроль за работой электроприводов

-

power drives

мобильного комплекса осуществляется с

-

to operate from the

пульта управления.

control board

 

 

 

2.Compare the key words you underlined with the English ones in the right hand column of the table.

3.Describe the process of producing foam concrete in English. Use:

key words (right-hand column)

Gerund, Participle I and other structures to describe the process

the plan and the questions to follow

PLAN

When we write about the process, we have to:

1.Sequence the stages

2.Locate the stages

3.Describe what happens at each stage

4.Explain what happens at each stage

The description will answer these questions:

1.What’s … for?

2.What are its main components?

3.How are they connected?

48

Unit 4 Case Study

A Building Project

Lead in Many construction companies place information about their most successful projects on their websites to attract attention of potential customers.

For example, Williams Scotsman presents their noteworthy project case studies on http://www.willscot.com/case_studies/index.html.

Williams Scotsman, a leader in the mobile and modular building industry, has been solving space needs for over 50 years using the unique Concurrent Construction method available for Modular Buildings. The company can provide you with everything from a simple construction trailer to complex, multi-story buildings such as schools and medical facilities.

Williams Scotsman operates more than 86 locations throughout North America and serves more than 25,000 customers in 450 diverse industries, winning awards and customer accolades along the way.

The unique Concurrent Construction™ process can trim months off a schedule, because the most critical steps occur simultaneously - including site preparation, foundation, utilities and off-site manufacturing of the entire modular structure. As a result, a new space can be occupied sooner and begin producing revenue immediately.

Williams Scotsman's Concurrent Construction™ Process Timeline TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DESIGN

 

 

ENGINEERING

 

 

SITE PREPARATION

 

 

CONSTRUCTION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CONCURRENT CONSTRUCTION™ – Nearly Half the Time

DESIGN

 

ENGINEERING

 

SITE PREPARATION

 

TIME SAVINGS

FABRICATION CONSTRUCTION

What does Concurrent Construction mean? How would you translate it into Russian? Is such construction technique used in Russia?

49

Activity 1.

1. Read the case study (on the next page) and see what information you can fill in the table:

Customer

Function of the building

Exterior (drawing/ photo)

Location

Customer requirements

Type of construction

Building technology

Interior plan

Size/ shape

Special features

2. What other information would you include in the project description? (Construction time, project costs, etc.)

3. “A structure must exhibit the three qualities of firmitas, utilitas, venustas - that is, it must be strong or durable, useful, and beautiful.”

(Vitruvius, the 1st century BC)

Do you think that these three qualities are still most important in

modem architecture? Why? What other factors are taken into account while designing a building?

Do you know?

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio was a Roman writer. architect and engineer, active in. He was probably one of the army engineers, constructing war machines for sieges. He was the author of De architectura. known today as

The Ten Books of Architecture. According to Vitruvius, architecture is an imitation of nature.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvius

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