3. Use the correct form of have to. Add a sentence of your own explaining why someone has/doesn’t have to do sometning.

Model: Jimmy ________ (get up) early.

Jimmy doesn’t have to get up early. It’s holiday-time.

Or Jimmy has to get up early, school starts at 8.30.

• Tom has to take his PE kit to school on Monday and Tuesday. He has classes on these days.

• Do we have to walk to school? — No, let’s take a bus.

• She has to ask somebody for a pen. The final test is going to start right now and she only has a sheet of paper.

• Nelly has to read a lot of books. She will be writing a thesis on American literature. That would be useful.

• Pete has to wear glasses. He can’t see anything farther his nose.

• School starts at eight o'clock, so we have to get up early.

• I didn’t have to pay for the tickets. My mother got them at work for free.

• We had to study maths at school. It’s an obligatory, but tremendously boring subject.

• She doesn’t have to hurry. Her bus has already left.

• We don’t have to take any exams at the end of this term. We have been expelled.

• My mum sometimes has to work at weekends. Her colleagues ask her to pick up the slack, and she likes earning money.

4. Choose the right modal verb.

• All passengers have to wear seat-belts.

• My tooth hurts. I think I have to see a dentist.

• You shouldn’t walk on the grass.

• You have to be kind and polite.

• He shouldn’t whistle inside a house.

• Your brother ought to eat healthy food. He is a bit overweight.

• The report says the country should think twice before joining the EU.

• Strawberry yoghurt doesn’t have to contain real strawberries.

• You should read this book. It’s really nice.

• Greg ought to spend more time on English grammar.

5. Find and correct mistakes in the following sentences if any.

• I am too kind myself and that is my biggest fault, for one ought not to be always kind.

• If the committee changed the lunch hour, they at least ought to let everybody know. (IF I DID, I WOULD. IF I HAD DONE, I WOULD HAVE DONE)

• You should have told me about your problems.

• Relatives ought never to forget one another.

• I only suggest that everything should be equal.

• Look at those clouds! I think it may rain.

• You shouldn’t have done this.

• We ought to have left the house earlier, we will be late for our train.

• He should see his doctor. He looks very pale.

• My cousin is starting at your school next term. You might be in the same class!

Choose the right definition for each confusable.

aspiration/inspiration

• a sudden brilliant idea - inspiration;

• a strong desire to achieve something, such as success - aspiration.

survey/poll/ research/review

• a canvassing of a representative sample of a large group of people on some question in order to determine the general opinion of the group – poll (опрос общественного мнения)

• a detailed study or inspection, as by gathering information through observations, questionnaires, etc. and analyzing it – survey (сбор информации);

• a general survey or report – review (обзор, рецензия, сводка, заключение); you do not conduct your own survey, you draw (an overall conclusion) based on previously published studies on the topic.

• a detailed study of something which is often connected to scientific universities and it presupposes revision, analysis of facts – research (исследование).

POLL is simple and quick; SURVEY is more in depth and more comprehensive.

POLL contains one question, SURVEY – several.

POLL – yes/no questions, closed-end answers. SURVEY requires a full answer, different types of questions.

POLL – immediate result, SURVEY – report, analyzing things.

POLL – you are not paid, SURVEY – you are.

POLL – social studies, politics, environmental sphere, SURVEY – marketing, science.

POLL – determine how popular something is.

• My inspiration comes from poets like Baudelaire and Jacques Prévert.

• He is unlikely to send in the army to quell nationalist aspirations.

• What better way of finding inspiration for your own garden than by visiting others.

• According to the survey, overall world trade has also slackened.

• We are doing a weekly poll on the president, and clearly his popularity has declined.

• The president ordered a review U.S. economic aid to Jordan.

• 65 percent of the 1987 budget went for nuclear weapons research and production.

Training your speaking skills

Section 1

Listen and Speak

1. You are going to watch Hollywood stars confessing whether they are happy or unhappy to have fame. Before you watch the video, complete the table below. Say whether you would be happy or unhappy to be famous. Give at least three arguments.

ARE YOU KIDDING? BRING ON THE SCREAMING FANS	IT SEEMS TO ME THAT THE ROAD TO STARDOM LEADS TO UNHAPPINESS
Fame and fortune, how interesting… Well, I won’t argue, there’s a lot of perks in being a successful and popular person. The greatest thing in this, from my point of view, is having the power of motivation and inspiration. I could control some people only by publishing texts on my social media about people that I don’t like and everyone will hate them too. With the great power comes great responsibility, but I’ll definitely give myself a little time for amusement and good laugh.	It becomes harder to find trustworthy people for anything. A partner, a friend, a colleague. Either they your fans or haters. And it will be a miracle to learn that a person doesn’t know a thing about you. You become self-centred, maniac, afraid of the future human, who wants only one thing – somebody should take away my fame.
Secondly, stardom could be a source of inspiration for yourself. Your fans will always write fan-fiction about you, songs, poems, and just give you as much admiration as they possibly can. Look at these devoted to you eyes and create something wonderful.	Fans are great, undoubtedly, however… They have a tendency to become impetuous and frenzied in their need to know the object of their devotion. Breaking down the door, stalking the mother - no issue; just let me see him or her! Stalking, eavesdropping, and the anxiety of walking outside unobserved are only the top of the iceberg. Many people associate celebrity with great status and large sums of money, but they overlook the heightened attention of a crowd of millions of eyes.
Money, money, money. There’s nothing better.	Each of us has secrets or dark spots in our own history that we would like keep hidden and not reveal to any living soul. However, with the start of celebrity, all personal life is exposed - reckless paparazzi will go to any length to obtain intriguing information from the depths of your life. And it's not always pleasant to be confronted with charges about things you said ten years ago when you were stupid and immature. However, the canceling culture is ruthless and will not stand on formality with anyone.

Task 1 List the people in the video. How many of them do you know? What do you know about the celebrities that are familiar to you? What does each of them say about their fame and unhappiness?

Josh Radnor - is an American actor, filmmaker, author, and musician. He is best known for portraying Ted Mosby on the Emmy Award–winning CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother. He made his writing and directorial debut with the 2010 comedy drama film Happythankyoumoreplease, for which he won the Sundance Film Festival Audience Award and was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize.

AS THE SHOW GOT MORE SUCCESSFUL, I GOT MORE DEPRESSED, EVEN THOUGH I WAS THINKING THAT SUCCESS WILL MAKE ME HAPPY.

IF I WANTED TO LIVE WITH MYSELF I HAD TO WORK ON MYSELF.

Lady Gaga – is an American singer-songwriter and performance artist, known for her flamboyant costumes, provocative lyrics, and strong vocal talents. She achieved great popular success with such songs as ‘Just Dance,’ ‘Bad Romance,’ and ‘Born This Way.’ Lady Gaga is an American singer-songwriter, performance artist and actress, known for her flamboyant costumes. She was born Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta on March 28, 1986, in New York City, New York, U.S. Her adopted stage name is derived from Queen’s song “Radio Ga Ga.”

I DON’T WANT WASTING MY TIME SHAKING HANDS, SMILING AND TAKING SELFIES. IT FEELS SHALLOW. I HAVE MORE TO OFFER TO MY IMAGE. I FEEL SAD WHEN I AM OVERWORKED. I’VE JUST BECOMING A MONEY-MAKING MACHINE. MY PASSION, MY CREATIVITY TAKES A BACKSEAT.

I STARTED TO SAY NO. NOT GOING TO THAT EVENT, NOT TAKING THAT PICTURE. SURELY REMEMBER WHO I AM. AND YOU LOOK IN THE MIRROR AND SAY YES, I CAN GO TO BED WITH YOU EVERY NIGHT. I KNOW THAT PERSON. HE HAS BALLS, INTEGRITY, AN OPINION.

Tony Hale – is an American actor and comedian who is best known for his role as the neurotic Buster Bluth in the series, Arrested Development. Also, he starred as Gary Walsh on Veep, HBO comedy series, which won him Primetime Emmy Award in the category of Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 2015 and 2013.

THE DISAPPOINTMENT OF UNSATISFACTION.

Russel Brand - is a well-known actor, comedian, eccentric TV host and author, whose fate was difficult, but he managed to find the strength and get rid of drug addiction. Nowadays, Russell is the patron of the Focus 12 drug treatment program.

I HAVE BEEN ON THAT SIDE, HAVE BEEN TO PARTIES, NOW HAVE GOOD STUFF, BUT I STILL FEEL EMPTY. I PREFER CULTURE THAT DOESN’T STIMULATE, EXACERBATE, CELEBRATE THE MOST NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF OUR SPECIES INCULCUTE THEM A REWARD. CULTURAL HYSTERIA WHERE WE ARE DESTROYING THE PLANET.

Eric Clapton - is an English rock and blues guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He is regarded as one of the most successful and influential guitarists in rock music. He ranked second in Rolling Stone's list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" and fourth in Gibson's "Top 50 Guitarists of All Time". In 2023, Clapton was named the 35th best guitarist of all time. He was.

I WAS A MILLIONARE, I HAD A BEAUTIFUL WOMAN IN MY LIFE, CARS, A HOUSE, AN INCREDIBLE SOLID-GOLD CAREER AND THAT ON A DAILY BASIS I WANT TO COMMIT A SUICIDE.

John Lennon - was a prominent English musician and one of the co-founders of the rock band The Beatles. This biography of John Lennon provides detailed information about his childhood, life, achievements, works & timeline. John Lennon, one of the founding members of the rock band, The Beatles, was a legendary musician and songwriter. Hailing from Liverpool, England, he went on to achieve great fame and success not just in his native country, but throughout the world.

WE HAVE MONEY, WE HAVE THE FAME, AND THERE WAS NO JOY.

Tom Shadyac - is an American director, screenwriter, producer, and author. The youngest joke-writer ever for comedian Bob Hope, Shadyac is widely known for writing and directing the comedy films Ace Ventura: Pet Detective, The Nutty Professor, Liar Liar, Patch Adams, and Bruce Almighty.

Alexi Panos - is a Greek-American master coach, personal trainer, author, motivational speaker, television presenter, actress, model, producer and philanthropist. She is known for her appearances as a co-host of SNY’s popular sports trivia show “Beer Money”. She is also the leader of the Emergent Wisdom Movement where she offers personal coaching and runs the podcast Transformation Nation. Alexi is active on social media where she has amassed more than 141,000 followers on her Instagram account, and more than 65,000 followers on her official Facebook page. Through her social media, she regularly shares positive messages, inspiring words and images.

I WAS SUCCESSFUL, HAVE MONEY, BUT STILL DON’T FELL ANY DIFFERENT. GO-GO-GO, PERSUE-PERSUE-PERSUE, AND I SAT STILL AND LISTENED TO THAT INNER VOICE: WHAT DO YOU WANNA DO, WHAT DO YOU WANNA CREATE, WHAT DO YOU WANT YOUR LIFE TO MEAN

Cara Delevingne - is an English model and actress. She signed with Storm Management after leaving school in 2009. Delevingne won Model of the Year at the British Fashion Awards in 2012 and 2014.

IF WE ARE SKINNY, FIT IN, SUCCESSFUL, BEAUTIFUL, WE WILL BE HAPPY, BUT THAT’S NOT ENTIRELY TRUE.

THE MOST IMPORTANT IS THE JOURNEY INTO OURSELVES TO FIND OUR TRUTH, TO FIND WHO WE ARE AND WHAT MAKES US HAPPY.

Cameron Diaz - A tall, strikingly attractive blue-eyed natural blonde, Cameron Diaz was born in 1972 in San Diego, the daughter of a Cuban-American father and a German mother. Self described as "adventurous, independent and a tough kid," Cameron left home at 16 and for the next 5 years lived in such varied locales as Japan, Australia, Mexico, Morocco, and Paris. ... Cameron Diaz at an event for The Teen Choice Awards 2009 (2009).

IF YOU ARE LOOKING FOR FAME TO DEFINE YOU, YOU WILL NEVER BE HAPPY. YOU WILL BE ALWAYS SEARCHING FOR HAPPINESS AND YOU WILL NEVER FIND IT IN FAME.

Essena O’Neill - is a former internet celebrity from Coolum, Australia, who made national and international headlines when quitting social media in 2015. Social media. In late October 2015, then eighteen-year-old model and vegan advocate Essena O'Neill deleted over 2,000 photos on her Instagram that had over 600,000 followers. She renamed the account "Social Media Is Not Real Life" and rewrote captions for old posts.

I WAS SURROUNDED BY ALL THIS FAME AND ALL THIS POWER AND YET I HAVE BEEN NEVER MORE MISERABLE. ALL WE NEED IS TO FEEL VALUED, TO FEEL LOVE FOR THE PEOPLE AROUND US AND DOING SOMETHING WHAT MAKES US ALIVE. MAKING A CHANGE, CREATING SOMETHING BEAUTIFUL.

Alanis Morissette - Canadian musician known for her confessional lyrics and layered rock-influenced sound. Her 1995 album Jagged Little Pill established her as one of alternative rock’s foremost female vocalists of the 1990s.

I THOUGHT EVERYTHING WOULD BE HEALED, HELPED AND SOOTHED BY FAME… I WILL BE LESS LONELY, I WILL BE UNDERSTOOD, I WILL BE LOVED AND THAT LOVE WILL GO IN. IT WAS ACTUALLY QUITE ISOLATING.

Tupac Shakur - also known by his stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper and actor. He is widely considered one of the most influential rappers of all time. Shakur is among the best-selling music artists, having sold more than 75 million records worldwide.

WE ALL HAVE A PROBLEM TO BE TRUE TO ONESELF, LOOKING IN THE MIRROR, DIRECTLY IN THEIR SOULS. I CAN SEE MY SOUL, IT’S NOT SOLD, IT’S STILL WITHIN ME, I STILL FEEL IT IN MY HEART, CAUSE IT’S CONNECTED TO MY BODY. IT’S TOO MUCH MONEY IN HERE, WE GOT PEOPLE STARVING IN THE STREETS.

Task 2 Answer the questions below.

a. How do the Mass Media perpetuate the myth of celebrities’ happiness?

b. Why does Alexi Panos use the word ‘success’ in inverted commas?

c. What are the prerequisites of happiness in the minds of the public according to the fashion model Cara Delevigne? Does she think this is all true?

d. What makes Lady Gaga unhappy? What doesn’t she feel like doing?

e. What does Cameron Diaz say about the fame-happiness relation? To what extent do you share her attitude? Do you think she would have had a different attitude hadn’t she been so famous and rich? Account for your opinion.

f. How do the stars answer the question ‘If wealth and fame isn’t the answer, what is? Who do you agree with?

g. What is the most difficult thing for a person? What do people really need to be happy?

h. What are the most negative aspects of human species according to celebrities?

i. What things go against human nature? Do you agree with this opinion?

Task 3 Complete the following lines with the star’s exact words. What did she expect fame to do? Was it in any way like she expected? What was it like? Why do you think she described it like that?

Alanis Morissette

You know I thought that all would be HELPED AND HEALED AND SOOTHED BY FAME.

Oprah Winfrey

Because when I get famous …

Alanis Morissette

…yes, I would be LESS LONELY. I would be UNDERSTOOD AND I WILL BE LOVED. And this love would GO IN AND HEAL ANY OF THE BROKEN PARTS. And then I came to see that it was actually quite ISOLATING.

Task 4 Listen to Tom Shadyac speaking at the end of the video (the closing bit). What is his message? To what extent do you agree with him? Put down the closing remark of the video and comment on it. What is its implication?

DARVIN MENTIONE THE WORLD LOVE 95 TIMES IN THE DESCENT OF MAN. HE MENTIONED SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST TWICE. I WENT THROUGH 50 YEARS OF MY LIFE ON EARTH BEFORE I HEARD THAT. THAT IS INSANE. AND I BELIEVE IT COMES FROM A CULTURE THAT IS HUMMING ON AN INSANE PHILOSOPHY. GOTTA KEEP EVERYBODY SEPARATE, COMPETE AGAINST EACH OTHER, THE WINNER GETS THE TOYS AND THE SPOILS. THE CULTURE IS DEPRESSING YOUR AUTHENTICITY, YOUR CREATIVITY, ITS PITTING YOU AGAINS EACH OTHER AND IT’S UP TO YOU, GUYS, TO BIRTH A NEW CULTURE. IT IS YOUR WORLD FOLKS.

WE BLAME THE SOCIETY, BUT WE ARE SOCIETY.

HOMEWORK