- •Contents
- •Thanks
- •To the student
- •To the teacher
- •3 Present continuous and present simple 1 (I am doing and I do)
- •10 Present perfect continuous and simple (I have been doing and I have done)
- •11 how long have you (been) … ?
- •12 for and since when … ? and how long … ?
- •13 Present perfect and past 1 (I have done and I did)
- •14 Present perfect and past 2 (I have done and I did)
- •15 Past perfect (I had done)
- •16 Past perfect continuous (I had been doing)
- •17 have and have got
- •18 used to (do)
- •19 Present tenses (I am doing / I do) for the future
- •20 I’m going to (do)
- •21 will and shall 1
- •22 will and shall 2
- •23 I will and I’m going to
- •24 will be doing and will have done
- •26 can, could and (be) able to
- •27 could (do) and could have (done)
- •28 must and can’t
- •29 may and might 1
- •30 may and might 2
- •31 have to and must
- •32 must mustn’t needn’t
- •33 should 1
- •34 should 2
- •35 I’d better … it’s time …
- •36 would
- •39 if I knew … I wish I knew …
- •40 if I had known … I wish I had known …
- •41 wish
- •42 Passive 1 (is done / was done)
- •43 Passive 2 (be done / been done / being done)
- •44 Passive 3
- •45 it is said that … he is said to … he is supposed to …
- •46 have something done
- •47 Reported speech 1 (he said that …)
- •48 Reported speech 2
- •49 Questions 1
- •52 Question tags (do you? isn’t it? etc.)
- •53 Verb + -ing (enjoy doing / stop doing etc.)
- •54 Verb + to … (decide to … / forget to … etc.)
- •55 Verb (+ object) + to … (I want you to …)
- •56 Verb + -ing or to … 1 (remember, regret etc.)
- •57 Verb + -ing or to … 2 (try, need, help)
- •58 Verb + -ing or to … 3 (like / would like etc.)
- •59 prefer and would rather
- •60 Preposition (in/for/about etc.) + -ing
- •61 be/get used to … (I’m used to …)
- •63 there’s no point in -ing, it’s worth -ing etc.
- •64 to … , for … and so that …
- •65 Adjective + to …
- •66 to … (afraid to do) and preposition + -ing (afraid of -ing)
- •67 see somebody do and see somebody doing
- •68 -ing clauses (He hurt his knee playing football.)
- •69 Countable and uncountable 1
- •70 Countable and uncountable 2
- •71 Countable nouns with a/an and some
- •74 the 2 (school / the school etc.)
- •75 the 3 (children / the children)
- •77 Names with and without the 1
- •78 Names with and without the 2
- •79 Singular and plural
- •80 Noun + noun (a bus driver / a headache)
- •81 -’s (your sister’s name) and of … (the name of the book)
- •82 myself/yourself/themselves etc.
- •83 a friend of mine my own house on my own / by myself
- •84 there … and it …
- •85 some and any
- •87 much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty
- •90 all every whole
- •91 each and every
- •92 Relative clauses 1: clauses with who/that/which
- •94 Relative clauses 3: whose/whom/where
- •95 Relative clauses 4: extra information clauses (1)
- •96 Relative clauses 5: extra information clauses (2)
- •97 -ing and -ed clauses (the woman talking to Tom, the boy injured in the accident)
- •98 Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed (boring/bored etc.)
- •99 Adjectives: a nice new house, you look tired
- •100 Adjectives and adverbs 1 (quick/quickly)
- •102 so and such
- •104 quite, pretty, rather and fairly
- •105 Comparative 1 (cheaper, more expensive etc.)
- •106 Comparative 2 (much better / any better etc.)
- •107 Comparative 3 (as … as / than)
- •108 Superlative (the longest / the most enjoyable etc.)
- •109 Word order 1: verb + object; place and time
- •110 Word order 2: adverbs with the verb
- •111 still any more yet already
- •112 even
- •114 in case
- •116 as (as I walked … / as I was … etc.)
- •117 like and as
- •119 during for while
- •121 at/on/in (time)
- •122 on time and in time at the end and in the end
- •123 in/at/on (position) 1
- •124 in/at/on (position) 2
- •125 in/at/on (position) 3
- •126 to, at, in and into
- •127 in/on/at (other uses)
- •129 Noun + preposition (reason for, cause of etc.)
- •130 Adjective + preposition 1
- •131 Adjective + preposition 2
- •132 Verb + preposition 1 to and at
- •134 Verb + preposition 3 about and of
- •135 Verb + preposition 4 of/for/from/on
- •136 Verb + preposition 5 in/into/with/to/on
- •137 Phrasal verbs 1 Introduction
- •138 Phrasal verbs 2 in/out
- •139 Phrasal verbs 3 out
- •142 Phrasal verbs 6 up/down
- •143 Phrasal verbs 7 up (1)
- •144 Phrasal verbs 8 up (2)
- •145 Phrasal verbs 9 away/back
- •Additional exercises
- •Study guide
- •Key to Exercises
- •Key to Additional exercises (see page 302)
- •Key to Study guide
- •Index
Unit
58 Verb + -ing or to … 3 (like / would like etc.)
Alike / love / hate
When you talk about repeated actions, you can use -ing or to … ater these verbs.
So you can say: |
|
|
Do you like getting up early? |
or Do you like to get up early? |
|
Stephanie hates flying. |
or |
Stephanie hates to fly. |
I love meeting people. |
or I love to meet people. |
I don’t like being kept waiting. or … like to be kept waiting.
I don’t like friends calling me at work. or … friends to call me at work.
but
(1) We use -ing (not to …) when we talk about a situation that already exists (or existed). For example:
Paul lives in Berlin now. He likes living there. (he lives there now and he likes it)
Do you like being a student? (you are a student – do you like it?)
The ofice I worked in was horrible. I hated working there. (I worked there and I hated it)
(2) There is sometimes a diference between I like to do and I like doing:
I like doing something = I do it and I enjoy it:
I like cleaning the kitchen. (= I enjoy it.)
I like to do something = I choose to do it (but maybe I don’t enjoy it):
It’s not my favourite job, but I like to clean the kitchen as oten as possible.
Note that we use -ing (not to …) with enjoy and mind:
I enjoy cleaning the kitchen. (not I enjoy to clean)
I don’t mind cleaning the kitchen. (not I don’t mind to clean)
Bwould like / would love / would hate / would prefer
Would like / would love etc. are usually followed by to … :
I’d like (= I would like) to go away for a few days.
What would you like to do this evening?
I wouldn’t like to go on holiday alone.
I’d love to meet your family.
Would you prefer to eat now or later?
Compare I like and I would like (I’d like):
I like playing tennis. / I like to play tennis. (= I like it in general)
I’d like to play tennis today. (= I want to play today)
Would mind is followed by -ing:
Would you mind closing the door, please? (not mind to close)
CI would like to have (done something)
I would like to have done something = I regret now that I didn’t or couldn’t do it:
It’s a shame we didn’t see Anna. I would like to have seen her again.
We’d like to have gone away, but we were too busy at home.
We use the same structure ater would love / would hate / would prefer:
Poor David! I would hate to have been in his position.
I’d love to have gone to the party, but it was impossible.
116 |
enjoy/mind Unit 53 would like Units 37E, 55A prefer Unit 59 |
Exercises |
Unit |
58 |
|
|
|
58.1 Write sentences about yourself. Do you like these activities? Choose from these verbs:
|
like / don’t like |
love |
hate |
enjoy |
don’t mind |
|
1 |
(flying) I don’t |
like flying. |
or |
I don’t |
like to fly. |
|
2 |
(playing cards) |
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
(being alone) |
|
|
|
|
|
4 (going to museums)
5 (cooking)
6 (getting up early)
58.2Make sentences using -ing or to … . Sometimes either form is possible.
1 Paul lives in Berlin now. It’s nice. He likes it.
(He / like / live / there) He likes living there.
2Jane is a biology teacher. She likes her job (She / like / teach / biology) She
3Joe always has his camera with him and takes a lot of pictures. (He / like / take / pictures)
4I used to work in a supermarket. I didn’t like it much. (I / not / like / work / there)
5Rachel is studying medicine. She likes it. (She / like / study / medicine)
6Dan is famous, but he doesn’t like it. (He / not / like / be / famous)
7Jennifer is a very careful person. She doesn’t take many risks. (She / not / like / take / risks)
8I don’t like surprises.
(I / like / know / things / in advance)
58.3Complete the sentences with a verb in the correct form, -ing or to … . In two sentences either form is possible.
1 |
It’s fun to go to new places – I enjoy |
travelling . |
|
|
2 |
‘Would you like |
|
down?’ |
‘No, thanks. I’ll stand.’ |
3 |
The music is very loud. Would you mind |
it down? |
||
4 |
How do you relax? What do you like |
|
in your spare time? |
|
5 |
When I have to take a train, I’m always worried that I’ll miss it. So I like |
|||
|
to the station in plenty of time. |
|
|
|
6 |
I enjoy |
busy. I don’t like it when there’s nothing to do. |
||
7 |
I would love |
|
to your wedding, but I’m afraid I’ll be away. |
|
8 |
I don’t like |
|
in this part of town. I want to move somewhere else. |
|
9 |
Do you have a minute? I’d like |
|
|
to you about something. |
10 |
If there’s bad news and good news, I like |
the bad news first. |
||
11 |
Shall we leave now, or would you prefer |
a little? |
||
12 |
Steve wants to win every time. He hates |
. |
58.4 Write sentences using would … to have (done). Use the verbs in brackets.
1 It’s a shame I couldn’t go to the party. (like) I would like to have gone to the party. 2 It’s a shame I didn’t see the programme. (like)
3 I’m glad I didn’t lose my watch. (hate)
4 It’s too bad I didn’t meet your parents. (love) 5 I’m glad I wasn’t alone. (not / like)
6 We should have travelled by train. (prefer)
Additional exercises 26–28 (pages 317–19) |
117 |
Unit
59 prefer and would rather
Aprefer to … and prefer -ing
When you say what you prefer in general, you can use prefer to … or prefer -ing:
I don’t like cities. I prefer to live in the country. or I prefer living in the country.
You can say:
prefer something |
to something else |
|
|
prefer doing something |
to doing something else |
|
rather than (doing) something else |
|
|
prefer to do something |
rather than (do) something else |
|
|
I prefer this coat to the other one.
I prefer driving to travelling by train. or
I prefer driving rather than travelling by train.
I prefer to drive rather than travel by train.
Sarah prefers to live in the country rather than in a city.
Bwould prefer (I’d prefer …)
We use would prefer to say what somebody wants in a specific situation (not in general): ‘Would you prefer tea or cofee?’ ‘Cofee, please.’
We say ‘would prefer to do something’ (not usually would prefer doing):
‘Shall we go by train?’ ‘I’d prefer to drive.’ (= I would prefer …)
I’d prefer to stay at home tonight rather than go to the cinema.
Cwould rather (I’d rather …)
I’d rather = I would rather. I’d rather do something = I’d prefer to do it.
We say I’d rather do (not to do). Compare:
|
‘I’d rather drive.’ (not to drive) |
‘Shall we go by train?’ |
‘I’d prefer to drive.’ |
|
Which would you rather do, |
|
go to the cinema or go shopping? |
|
|
|
Which would you prefer to do, |
|
The negative is ‘I’d rather not …’ :
I’m tired. I’d rather not go out this evening, if you don’t mind. ‘Do you want to go out this evening?’ ‘I’d rather not.’
We say ‘I’d rather do one thing than do another’:
I’d rather stay at home tonight than go to the cinema.
DI’d rather somebody did something
We say ‘I’d rather you did something’ (not I’d rather you do):
‘Who’s going to drive, you or me?’ ‘I’d rather you drove.’ (= I would prefer this) ‘Jack says he’ll repair your bike tomorrow, OK?’ ‘I’d rather he did it today.’ Are you going to tell Anna what happened, or would you rather I told her?
We use the past (drove, did etc.) here, but the meaning is present not past. Compare:
I’d rather make dinner now.
I’d rather you made dinner now. (not I’d rather you make)
I’d rather you didn’t (do something) = I’d prefer you not to do it:
I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone what I said.
‘Shall I tell Anna what happened?’ ‘I’d rather you didn’t.’
‘Are you going to tell Anna what happened?’ ‘No. I’d rather she didn’t know.’
118 |
would prefer Unit 58B prefer (one thing) to (another) Unit 136D |
Exercises
59.1 Which do you prefer? Write sentences using ‘I prefer (something) to (something else)’.
1 (driving / travelling by train)
I prefer driving to travelling by train.
2(basketball / football) I prefer
3 (going to the cinema / watching movies at home) |
|
I |
to |
4(being very busy / having nothing to do) I
Now rewrite sentences 3 and 4 using rather than:
5 |
(1) |
I prefer to drive rather than travel by train. |
|
|
or I prefer driving rather than travelling by train. |
6 |
(3) |
I prefer |
7 (4)
59.2Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need one word, sometimes more.
|
A |
|
B |
1 |
Shall we walk home? |
I’d rather |
get a taxi. |
2 |
Do you want to eat now? |
I’d prefer to |
wait till later. |
3 |
Would you like to watch TV? |
I’d |
to listen to some music. |
4 |
Do you want to go to a restaurant? |
I’d rather |
at home. |
5 |
Let’s go now. |
|
wait a few minutes. |
6 |
What about a game of tennis? |
I’d prefer |
for a swim. |
7 |
I think we should decide now. |
I’d |
think about it for a while. |
8 |
Would you like to sit down? |
|
to stand. |
9 |
Do you want me to come with you? |
I’d rather |
alone. |
Now use the same ideas to complete these sentences using than and rather than.
10 |
(1) |
I’d rather get |
a taxi than wait for a bus. |
11 |
(3) |
I’d rather |
some music |
12 |
(4) |
I’d prefer |
at home |
13 |
(6) |
I’d rather |
for a swim |
14 |
(7) |
I’d prefer |
about it for a while |
59.3 Complete the sentences using would you rather I … .
1 Are you going to make dinner or would you rather I made it 2 Are you going to pay the bill or would you rather
3 Are you going to do the shopping or
4 Are you going to phone Tina or
59.4Use your own ideas (one or two words) to complete these sentences.
1 |
‘Shall I tell Anna what happened?’ |
‘No, I’d rather she |
didn’t know.’ |
2 |
You can stay here if you want to, but I’d rather you |
with us. |
|
3 |
I don’t like this programme. I’d rather not |
it. |
|
4 |
I’d rather work outdoors |
work in an ofice. |
|
5 |
This is a private matter. I’d rather you |
tell anybody else. |
|
6 |
The weather here isn’t bad, but I’d rather it |
a little warmer. |
|
7 |
I don’t want to go to the match. I’d prefer |
it on TV. |
|
8 |
‘Do you mind if I open the window?’ |
‘I’d rather you |
. I’m feeling cold.’ |
9 |
I hate doing the shopping. I’d rather somebody else |
it. |
|
10 |
I’d prefer to go to the beach |
go shopping. |
Unit
59
?
?
?
?
Additional exercises 27–28 (pages 318–19) |
119 |