2. Read the text. Use the words in capitals on the right to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. Mind the correct grammar form. Who discovered australia?

The Dutch (1).......... the first Europeans to visit Australia. Many navigators (2).......... themselves on the west coast of Australia. But the Dutch did not know far east the land stretched, and in 1642 Captain Abel Tasman (3).......... out to discover what (4).......... in the east. Tasman sailed too far south where nobody (5).......... before, he visited the island now (6).......... Tasmania in his honour. No careful explorations of the continent (7).......... for another century or so. Then in 1770 the English captain James Cook named it New South Wales and reported back to England that much of New South Wales looked good for settlement. In London the British government (8).......... it was a good place to send their convicts.

BE FIND SEND LIE SAIL CALL MAKE THINK

3. Read the text. Choose which word (a, b, c or d) best fits each space. The circus

Everybody loves the circus. For almost 300 years, across Europe, Russia and America, children of all ages’ have been (1).......... by the animals and acrobats of the circus. The first circus was (2).......... in England in 1769 by Philip Astley, who performed horse-riding stunts for a small (3)........... He then travelled throughout Europe and established circuses in many other countries. The circuses usually took place in outdoor areas in a circle or a ring (4).......... by (5)........... The performers (6).......... their audiences with exciting acrobatic acts and horse-riding (7)...........

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

A) appealed A) set A) viewer A) taken A) crowds A) informed A) performances

B) enjoyed B) founded B) guest B) surrounded B) hosts B) thrilled B) plays

C) laughed C) constructed C) cast C) organised C) characters C) concerned C) stages

D) entertained D) manufactured D) audience D) restricted D) spectators D) kicked D) theatres

4. Read the text. Choose from the list a-g sentence which fits in the space (1-6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. Not enough viola players

There is currently a national shortage of viola players in Britain. For those playing the instrument (larger in size and deeper in tone than the violin), (1).........., Places in orchestras and on music courses are more readily available for them than for the larger numbers of violinists.

Last weekend, for example, the National Children’s Orchestra (NCO) began rehearsals with viola places still vacant. ‘Violists are in short supply,’ says Vivienne Price, the NCO’s founder and vice-president. ‘People all want to be first violin but (2)........... All the different kinds are required, not just one.’

With more than 300 of the country’s top violinists competing for 170 places in the NCO this year, standards were very high, even for the training section, which takes seven to ten-year-olds. But there were just 63 competing for the NCO’s 70 viola positions and, as a result, candidates who have not reached the same standard as those applying for the violin places were accepted. ‘We encourage children to apply for the training orchestra, (3)..........,’ says Miss Price.

Peter Hewitt, director of the junior department of the Royal College of Music, says (4).........., with 24 players, but there are many more violinists. ’Younger children particularly like the glamour of the melody line, and the bass line has its attractions,’ he says ‘But the middle line, which is played by the viola, is a problem. I think the viola has a gorgeous sound, but (5)...........’

Both the Royal College and the NCO are trying to encourage children to take up the viola. ‘It really frustrates me,’ says Roger Clarkson, the NCO’s director of music. ‘People will say that, if you can’t play the violin, (6)........... But the viola is actually a wonderful instrument in its own right.’

A. it has always been an instrument people have avoided

B. if lots of violinists decide to change to the viola

C. even if they are not as far advanced

D. you should go on to the viola

E. there are plenty of opportunities in a variety of organisations

F. it is currently ‘reasonably well off’ for violas

G. they should realise it is like voices in a choir