Unit 12
True philosophy invents nothing; it merely establishes and describes what is.
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Victor Cousin
Western & eastern philosophy
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Ex. 1 Read the quotation and translate it. How do you understand this statement? Give your reasons. What is your opinion about true philosophy?
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Ex. 2 Get acquainted with new words and phrases. Put them down into your vocabularies and try to memorize.
comprise [] – містити в собі, вміщати, охоплювати;
various [] – різноманітний;
stem [] – походити (from, out of);
hermeneutic [] – інтерпретаційний;
framework [] – система поглядів;
relate to [] – стосуватися;
contain [] – містити (мати) в собі;
accept [] – визнавати; ставитися прихильно;
tenet [] – догмат, принцип;
worship [] – поклонятися, шанувати;
deity [] – божество; божественність;
embrace [] – сприймати;
recent [] – новий, сучасний;
enforce [] – проводити в життя;
repudiation [] – заперечення; зречення;
recourse [] – звернення;
capricious agencies [] – мінливий чинник;
complement [] – доповнювати.
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Ex. 3 Substitute the words in bold with their synonyms from Ex.2. Translate sentences into Ukrainian.
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The two forces in eastern philosophy known as yin and yang add to one another and are both found in every aspect of life.
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For the Neoplatonists, all things emanated from the divinity.
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Of all of the tenets of the eastern philosophy, purity is the most highly stressed.
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A recovery of Truth in the modes of classical philosophy and of Christian faith undergirds the denial of Marxist socialism in Eastern philosophy.
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Eastern philosophy includes great thinkers from the Far Eastern countries of India, China, Japan, Korea, and the Middle Eastern countries.
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In the pre-Socratic times world was full of magic, manipulated by mysterious and most unsteady factors like Gods.
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All Yang elements comprise the seed of Yin and Yin contains the seed of Yang.
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Taoism is based on the firm belief that the human intellect can never comprehend the Tao.
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Some Eastern philosophies acknowledge Jesus as a great Teacher who attained Christ-consciousness, or enlightenment, similar to that attained by Krishna or Buddha.
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Eastern philosophy idolizes rituals and depictions of the gods less, and deals more with larger questions of our relation to the cosmos.
Ex. 4 Make up your own sentences with the new words from Ex. 2. Read the sentences aloud and let your group mates translate them.
Ex. 5 Put words in the correct word order to make sentences.
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in which / Aarti is / lights with wicks / are lit and offered up / soaked in ghee / to one or more deities / a Hindu ceremony.
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to the nature of / Eastern philosophies / by questions relating / have not been as concerned / as the universe's sole creator and ruler / a single God.
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Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma / as three distinct deities / One possible view of the Trimurti / with distinct interests and abilities / is to see / complement each other / whose combined forces.
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Western philosophy into Eastern thought / to incorporate / include the Kyoto School of philosophers / with the insights of Zen Buddhism / Recent attempts / who combined the phenomenology of Husserl.
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are not likely / to authority / Philosophers / to be persuaded / today / by such recourses.
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Ex. 6 Rewrite the text separating words and sentences logically. Put dots and comas where it’s necessary. Start a new sentence with an initial letter. Read, translate the passage and put a question to each sentence.
ManyelementsofEasternphilosophyappearinpopularculturesuchasuseofthetermskarma
yogaOmmantrayinandyangnirvanaWealsofrequentlyhearisolatedbitsofEasternwisdom
suchas“whatisthesoundofonehandclapping?”“Confuciussaidthat”UnderstandingourownWesternphilosophicalheritageischallengingenoughButitseemstobeanalmostimpossible
tasktogainknowledgeofEasternphilosophythatrisesabovethelevelofclichéHundredsofnew
termsandpersonalnamesareusedmostlyinunfamiliarEasternlanguagesThetraditionsareveryoldandlikealllivingphilosophicalandreligioustraditionstheorieschangethroughouthistorySoevenifweunderstandacentraltheoryfromonemomentinatradition’shistorywemaystruggleto
graspconceptsinthetradition’slaterphasesPerhapsmostdifficultofallaretheEasternideas
themselveswhichseemasforeignasthedistantlandsfromwhichtheygeographicallyemerged
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Ex. 7 Read and translate the text.