- •1. Intonation of Greetings.
- •2. Intonation of Farewells.
- •3. Intonation of Thanks and Apologies.
- •4. Intonation of Congratulations and Surprise.
- •5. Intonation of Sympathy and Reassurances.
- •6. Intonation of Yes/No questions.
- •7. Intonation of Definite Answers to Yes/No Questions.
- •8. Intonation of Indefinite Answers to Yes/No Questions.
- •9. Giving information: the use of Falling-Rising tone.
- •10. Giving of information: The use of the Falling tones.
- •11. Asking wh-questions.
- •12. Intonation of Invitation and Order.
- •13. Intonation of Warnings and Suggestions.
- •14. Intonation of Hopes and Wishes.
- •15. Intonation of Question Tags and Echo-Questions.
- •16. Intonation of Short Questions and Short Answers.
- •17. Intonation of Too, Only, Either, Just and Even.
- •18. Intonation of Alternative Questions and Enumerations.
- •19. Intonation of Disjunctive Questions and Suggestions with Tags.
- •20. Types and Degrees of Utterance-Stress. Peculiarities of English Utterance-Stress.
- •23 Emphatic tones
- •24. Irregular Preheads.
- •25. Expressive means of English Intonation: Stress Reduction and Nuclear Tone-Shift.
- •26. Classification of Head Types. General Principles.
- •27. The Gradually Descending Stepping Head. The High Head. The Broken Stepping Head.
- •28. The Ascending Stepping Head. The Low Head.
- •29. The Sliding Head. The Scandent Head.
1. Intonation of Greetings.
If you don’t know a person very well, it is better to say Good morning, Good afternoon, or Good evening. In this case we use High Prehead +LWR. When you greet your close friend you may say: Cheerio, Jo. And in this case we use High Prehead+LWR, too. As you know, we can often say the same thing in two different ways. This thing sometimes happens with intonation. And with greetings we can use High Head+ High Fall. When you meet someone for the first time you say How d’you do. It’s not really a question, and it shouldn’t sound like a question. And in this case we use High Head+ High Fall. And for answer you should just reply exactly the same use in formal situation.
2. Intonation of Farewells.
When you farewell your close friend you may say: Cheerio, Jo or Bye-Bye, Jo, with High Prehead+LWR. And for people you don’t know so well: Goodbye, with the same intonation. If it is bedtime, of course, you say: Goodnight. This is used for close friend and for people you don’t know so well. There are useful expressions as See you tomorrow, See you next week, See you after half-term, See you at Christmas, See you the year after next. And in these expressions we use High Head+High Fall.
3. Intonation of Thanks and Apologies.
When you want to thank someone you can say: Thank you, with MWF or FRD, and in answers to offers such as “No, thank you” or “Yes, please” you should use FRD. If we don’t want to be too formal, we usually say “No, thanks” with the same intonation. In the same way, Thanks is not so formal as Thank you which we should use with High Fall. Of course, you could say: Thanks very much or Thanks very much indeed with High Head+High Fall Emphatic. Notice that when something is one’s job to do things for you, it would be strange to say Not at all. But when someone is really grateful and thanks you from heart, you generally answer Not at all with High Head+High Fall. We often use this as an answer when someone says something like: Sorry I’m late or Sorry to disturb you, with FRD. If someone is a bit late, but it doesn’t matter and we are not irritated, we answer Not at all with High head+ High Fall. If someone is late, but the other person doesn’t mind we say That’s all right and use High Prehead+ LR. If someone is late and the other person is angry, we say I should think so too with High Stepping Head+High Fall. There is another way of saying sorry, using I’m afraid… with High Static and in the following fraise we should use MF. Sometimes we say I’m afraid… and sometimes I’m sorry…. We use I’m afraid to introduce new information and I’m sorry to introduce old information. Excuse me is not the same as Sorry and we use it with FR to get someone’s attention. Don’t use it if the other person already knows that you want to speak. Between friends use Hey! to show surpriseв or to people we don’t know to show that the matter is very regent.
4. Intonation of Congratulations and Surprise.
When we want to show the big surprise we should say Never! with RF. Be careful of the pronunciation: the 1st part of Never! is quite short, but the second part is longer. When it is not such a big surprise, it is enough to say Really with HWR. Of course, you can also show surprise like echo-question with HNR. if we want to congratulate smb with smth we can use such fraises as Well done! or Good for you! with HF.