In the picture you can see the way that original sound passes before it becomes reproduced sound. Describe this way in your own words.

Fig.1 Electromagnetic spectrum and diagram of radio transmission of an audio signal.

EXERCISE 4

Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about the inventions of the scientists.

A: What happened in 1894?

B: Alexander Popov invented the first radio.

A: What happened in… ?

The identity of the original inventor of radio, at the time called wireless telegraphy, is contentious. The controversy over who invented the radio, with the benefit of hindsight, can be broken down as follows:

1894 - Alexander Popov built his first radio receiver, which contained a coherer (detecting device consisting of tubes filled with iron filings).

1895, May 7 - Further refined as a lightning detector, it was presented on the Russian Physical and Chemical Society.

1893 - Nikola Tesla developed means to reliably produce radio frequencies, publicly demonstrated the principles of radio, and transmitted long-distance signals. He holds the US patent for the invention of the radio defined as "wireless transmission of data."

18967 - Guglielmo Marconi was an early radio experimenter. He founded the first commercial organization devoted to the development and use of radio. In 1909 – awarded the Noble prize.

1906 - Reginald Fessenden and Lee de Forest invented amplitude-modulated (AM) radio, so that more than one station can send signals (as opposed to spark-gap radio, where one transmitter covers the entire bandwidth of the spectrum).

1913 - Edwin H. Armstrong invented frequency-modulated (FM) radio, so that an audio signal can avoid "static," that is, interference from electrical equipment and atmospherics.

1893 – 1894 - Roberto Landell de Moura, a Brazilian priest and scientist, conducted experiments. He did not publicize his achievement until 1900 but later obtained Brazilian and American patents.

EXERCISE 5

Ask and answer more questions about inventions.

A: When did Alexander Popov invent the first radio?

B: In 1894.

A: When did … ?

EXERCISE 6

Choose the correct verbs from the brackets to complete the passage. Use the Past Simple Tense.

Brief history of the radio

Early radios run the entire power of the transmitter through a carbon microphone. While some early radios ______ ¹some type of amplification through electric current or battery, until the mid 1920s the most common type of receiver ______² the crystal set. In the 1920s, amplifying vacuum tube radio receivers and transmitters ______³ into use.

(use, be, ran, come)

One of the first developments in the early 20th century (1900-1959) ______⁴ that aircraft _______⁵ commercial AM radio stations for navigation. This ______⁶ until the early 1960s when VOR systems finally ______⁷ widespread (though AM stations are still marked on U.S. aviation charts).

(use, be, become, continue)

In 1960, Sony ______⁸ its first transistorized radio, small enough to fit in a vest pocket, and able to be powered by a small battery. It ______⁹ durable, because there ______ ¹⁰ no tubes to burn out. Over the next 20 years, transistors ________¹¹ tubes almost completely except for very high-power uses.

(be, introduce, replace, be)

In 1963 color television commercially ______¹², and the first (radio) communication satellite, TELSTAR,_______¹³. In the late 1960s, the U.S. long-distance telephone network _________¹⁴ to a digital network, employing digital radios for many of its links. In the 1970s, LORAN _______¹⁵ the premier radio navigation system. Soon, the U.S. Navy _______^16. with satellite navigation, culminating in the invention and launch of the GPS constellation in 1987. Digital transmissions ________¹⁷ to be applied to broadcasting in the late 1990s.

(Begin, be converted, become, be transmitted, experiment, be launched)

EXERCISE 7

T 7

Translate the following text into English.

Электромагнитное излучение распространяется благодаря колебаниям электромагнитного поля, которое образуется как в воздушном пространстве, так и в вакууме. Для этого излучению не нужна особая проводящая среда (как, например, эфир). Когда радио волны проходят через проводник, колебания электрического или магнитного поля индуцируют в нем переменный ток. Он преобразуется в аудио- или другие сигналы, несущие информацию. Слово «радио» поясняет этот процесс. Телевизионные и радиопередачи, передача информации с помощью сотовой связи являются радиочастотными излучениями.

EXERCISE 8

Перескажите текст, используя выученный вокабуляр, расскажите о радио, используя информацию из изученных текстов этой части

EXERCISE 9

Look through the words below and practice in pronunciation. Read and translate the text about uses of radio

Words to be remembered:

feasible – реальный, осуществимый

broadcasting – широковещательный

point-to-point broadcasting – частный радиоканал, передача от точки к точке

relay – трансляция

narrowband – узкополосный канал

to near - приближаться

omnidirectional – всенаправленный

microgravity environment – состояние невесомости

interstellar probe- космическая научно-исследовательская станция

autarkic – самостоятельный, автономный

AM – amplitude modulation – амплитудная модуляция

VHF – very high frequency – очень высокая частота

vestigial sideband – частично подавленная боковая полоса

cell site – узел сотовой связи

sound carrier – звуконоситель

diathermy equipment – оборудование для диатермии

to exert – приводить в движение