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8. Существуют другие национальные сокровища и памятники, которым угрожает атмосферное загрязнение - Акрополь и итальянские дворцы и церкви сразу же приходят на ум - так что, вероятно, международная нефтегазодобывающая промышленность могла бы усвоить такие экологические инициативы.

The report

The article is taken from «Oil and Gas Journal». It was published on

February 10, .1998.

The author is Shri Hinda. The chief of environmental programme in Agra,

India.

The paper studies air pollution and its effects on the famous monuments, namely the Taj Mahal. The role of oil and gas industry in solving environmental problems is also analyzed. The first part of the article gives some information on significance of this mausoleum to the Indians. II was built in the 17-tn century and is a symbol of India. Then the relation of oil Hindis industry to ancient monuments is discussed. It is air pollution from industrial and automotive emissions that corrode the facades of the Taj Mahal. The safety governmental programme is described in detail. The programme has 10 points aimed at saving the Taj MahaL li is carried out with the help of oil and gas industry. In short, it includes introducing of cleaner fuels with low content of lead and sulphur. The question of using environmentally friendly technologies is seriously considered in the article.

It is said that the problem of saving monuments is valid for many countries. It is concluded that international oil and gas industry should lake steps to make our world clean and safe.

Реферат

Статья взята из журнала "Oil and Gas". Ома была опубликована 10 февраля 1998 года. Автор - Shri Hinday, руководитель программы по охране окружающей среды в Агре, Индия.

Данная работа исследует атмосферное загрязнение и ею влияние на известные памятники культуры, а именно - мавзолей Тадж-Махал. Также анализируется роль нефтегазодобывающей промышленности и решении проблем защиты окружающей среды. В первой части статьи даётся информация о значении мавзолея для индусов. Он был построен в 17 веке и является символом Индии. Затем обсуждается связь нефтегазодобывающей промышленности и древнего памятника. Именно атмосферное загрязнение, появляющееся из-за промышленных выбросов и выхлопных газов транспорта, разрушают фасады Тадж. Махала. Детально

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описывается правительственная защитная программа. Она состоит из 10 пунктов, нацеленных на спасение Тадж-Махала. Программа осуществляется с помощью нефтегазодобывающей промышленности. Вкратце, она предусматривает использование более чистых видов топлива с низким содержанием свинца и серы. В статье серьезно рассматривается вопрос применения экологически чистых технологий. Говорится, что проблема сохранения памятников справедлива для многих стран. Делается вывод, что международная нефтегазодобывающая промышленность должна принять меры, чтобы сделать наш мир чистым и безопасным.

Annotation

The article "Saving the Taj Mahal" was wirtten by Shri Hinda and published in "Oil and Gas Journal" in 1998. It touches upon environmental problems in India. Air pollution is considered to be the main course of destroying cultural and religious monuments.

The governmental safety programme is discussed in detail. 1 is main points are to introduce cleaner fuels for transport and Industrial plants; to reconstruct old plants; to use environmentally friendly technologies. The author comes to conclusion, that oil and gas industry must take care of national treasures and solve air pollution problems.

Аннотация

Статья «Спасение Тадж Махала» была написана Shri Hinda и опубликована в журнале «Oil and Gas Journal» в 1998 году. Она затрагивает проблемы окружающей среды в Индии. Считается, что атмосферное загрязнение является основной причиной разрушения культурных памятников. Детально обсуждается правительственная защитная программа. Её основные положения - ввести более чистые виды топлива для транспорта и промышленных предприятий, реконструировать старые заводы, использовать экологически чистые технологии. Автор приходит к выводу, что нефтегазодобывающая промышленность должна позаботиться о национальных сокровищах и решить проблему атмосферного загрязнения.

Выражения для составления аннотации газетной статьи.

1.The article under review is taken from it was published ...

2.lt is headlined (entitled) as

The title of the article is

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3.The author is ...

4.The article is a (an) report about

comment about review of interview with

5. The article touches upon deals with is devoted to is about

gives information on (Some fact) is given much comment to.

6.The author starts by acquainting the reader with According to the introduction

7.As far as 1 understood (know)

The fact is

It is pointed out that.. It should be noted

It is quite obvious 8. In my opinion

From my (the author's) point of view I'd like to draw your attention to

9. In conclusion the article says reads.

It comes to the following conclusion It summary I'd like to add

to point out..

10. I found the article interesting (dull), valuable (of no value) easy (hard) to understand.

A Moral for Russians

The celebrated French actress Fanny Ardant was in Moscow recently for the premiere of her latest film “Ridicule”.

Her arrival evoked an unprecedented stir — the Moscow Khudozhestvenny cinema has never seen such a crowd. There was a multitude; it seemed, dying to meet the star, among which some Russian names could be seen. Oleg Yankovsky for example, who had ignored the artists' entrance and shared in the difficulties and discomfort of waiting with the crowd.

The actress appeared in displaying genuine Paris chic, forcing the assembled multitude to swallow the question, which was on the tips of their tongues (How old is she?) and simply marvel at her beauty and charm. The

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actress's speech was not exactly coruscating — "I don't enjoy traveling. Everywhere is the same: hotels, airports. All you can remember is a few details, like the culture of the country you're going to". Fair enough. Her new film, which opened the Cannes film festival this year, contains a moral which she says "should be appreciated by Russians". If you are afraid of ridicule, you shouldn't seek power or fame - which should stride a chord with most people.

In the film Ardant plays a refined and hypocritical countess in the Age of Enlightenment, the key to whose bedroom also opens the door to the King's. She herself, like in novels for women, dreams of sincere and unselfish love. In the end, that kind of love falls to someone else's lot.

"Moscow News" Elena Vesyolaya

Annotation

The article under review is taken Horn the newspaper "Moscow News". It is entitled as " A Moral for Russians". The author of the article is Blent Vesyolaya. The article is a report about the visit of the French actress Fanny Ardant to Moscow Г he aim of her visit is to present her latest film "Ridicule".

The author gives a description of the meeting with spectators in the Moscow Khudozhestvenny cinema. It should be noted that the cinema was full of public. The people were surprised at Ardant's beauty, charming and very simple speech. The author goes on telling about the part, she played in the film. Her personality seems to be controversial: a hypocritical countess in the film and a woman dreaming of sincere and unselfish love. In Fanny's opinion, Russian will like the film because of its moral.

It reads as following: "If you are afraid of ridicule, you shouldn't seek power or fame."

I found this article interesting and easy to understand.

Прочитайте следующие газетные тексты и составьте к ним аннотации:

Russia and Nigeria: Boosting Cooperation Last week's Kremlin summit between

Russian President Vladimir Putin and Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo left both leaders well pleased, ending up with a joint Declaration on the Principles of Friendly Relations and Partnership

By Yulia Petrovskaya

Vremya MN

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Moscow has been neglecting Africa somewhat. So Putin's meeting with the leader of the largest African nation must have been designed to lay the foundation for the restoration of the weakened bilateral ties.

Our relations with Nigeria became firm during the Nigerian civil war of 1967-1970, when Moscow gave its backing to the central government fighting against the separatists who had proclaimed a "Republic of Biafra" in eastern Nigeria. Incidentally, in that war Obasanjo commanded a division that dealt telling blows to the rebels. The 1970s and 1980s saw Russia cooperating with Nigeria mostly in metallurgy, oil production, geological prospecting, public health, and personnel training. The main object of the two countries' cooperation in 1982-1994 was an iron and steel plant in Ajaokuta with a designed capacity of 1.3 million tonnes of steel a year. Matters relating to the completion of the plant's construction were among the issues discussed at las week's summit.

Also high on its agenda were military and technological cooperation (with a relevant treaty duly signed), and joint activities in oil and gas extraction and processing (Nigeria ranks among the world's top ten producers of these fuels). The high tech sector was mentioned as another important area of interaction. It was also agreed at the summit that Russia would launch several satellites at Nigeria's request, for the purpose of Earth exploration and environmental monitoring.

At the same time Putin expressed hi: concern about a substantial fall in bilateral trade. "The Nigerian president and agreed on a target of $1.5 billion in [bilateral] trade to be reached within the next four or five years," he said. That's not easy to do considering that last year's figure was a mere $50 million. Russia's current exports to Nigeria include small amounts of metal products, fertilizers and house hold appliances.

During his visit the Nigerian president met representatives of the Russian business community. He had brought along dozens of Nigerian businessmen who have been very active on the Russian market.

So far our businessmen have little to boast about. They have failed to gain a foothold on Nigeria's oil and gas market controlled by Western corporations. How ever, we can find a place for ourselves in that country's mining and powergenerating industries, and agriculture.

Moscow News № 11, 2001

Test Currency Control To Be Eased

By Andrei Klepach

deputy head, Development Center

The government has approved a program to ease currency regulation and control. It provides for, among other measures, lowering the rate for the

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mandatory sale of hard-currency export proceeds from 75% to 50%, and establishing a new procedure of notification about opening bank accounts abroad.

Today, there is hardly any direct connection between that rate and the growth of the Central Bank of Russia's foreign-exchange reserves. After the 1998 ruble crash, the mandatory sale of hard-currency export proceeds, introduced at 50% and later on upped to 75%, did help stabilize the currency market. However, last year's growth in the CBR's foreign-exchange reserves was not due to administrative measures. It had been brought about by three factors: (1) a big increase in our exports;

(2) a moderate growth of imports; (3) the CBR's optimal behavior on the currency market.

Currently, the CBR's net foreign purchase (the difference between the amount of hard currency bought and the amount sold) comes to some 40% of our export surplus. This means that lowering the mandatory sale requirement to 50%, or even to 40%, should have no significant effect on the growth of the CBR's foreign reserves. Given a relatively moderate drop in world prices of fuel and raw materials, and also checks on imports, CBR reserves will grow by an estimated $6 billion or $7 billion this year. But this could dwindle to $4 billion and even $2 billion if the situation on the world market sharply deteriorated and if Russia had to make all of this year's debt payments to the Paris Club of creditor nations.

And since capital flight from Russia remains intensive ($25 billion to $30 billion a year), while the hard-currency inflow could drop sharply owing to a dull world market, it is not advisable to abolish mandatory hard-currency sales altogether. To be sure, exporters and noncompetitive domestic manufacturers have a vested interest in a dollar rise against the ruble. But it is the consumer, who ultimately has to pay for that because the prices of consumer goods, even those of many home-produced items, are pegged to the dollar.

The program also provides for the establishment of a procedure for notification of one's intention to open a hard-currency account in an overseas bank. Obviously, no currency control can be effective if practically all investments made by Russians abroad, as well as all hard-currency accounts opened by Russians in overseas banks, require government permission. Capital flight abroad bypasses these narrow official channels. So it's best to permit what cannot be prohibited or controlled.

It goes without saying, however, that this liberalization does not imply the lifting of restrictions on all kinds of financial operations. If that were the case, Russia would become a money-laundering haven.

Moscow News № 10, 2001

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Toward 3G Mobile Cellular Networks

According to a recent forecast by the international Forum of Cellular Networks Operators, in 10 years the world will have nearly two billion users of mobile communication facilities. Besides the cell phone, these include mobile Internet, e-commerce, and other related services

By Sergei Motorin Vremya MN

Not surprisingly, the cell phone is becoming ever more popular worldwide. At the present stage of development of cellular equipment and technology, operators are able to offer users fairly high quality services, and for a very modest price at that. However, those are not the only determinants of the significant progress forecast to occur in cellular telephony over the next few years. The key factor will be the emergence of third generation, or 3G, mobile networks. Even today, 3G networks are dubbed a "technological miracle" that will transform the entire telecommunications market, and possibly our entire lifestyle.

What is a 3G network, and in what way does it differ from the existing ones, such as the GSM standard network, the most common of them? The primary difference is that a 3G network provides high-speed transmission of incomparably greater volumes of data via wireless networks. Today's GSM networks - even the upgraded ones using WAP (wireless application protocol), GPRS, and EDGE technologies - can transmit information at a speed of up to 384 kilobits per second at the most, while a 3G network's performance is close to two megabits per second.

These are purely technical specifications that are all Greek to the layman. But as far as the user is concerned, a 3G network offers him a far wider range of facilities than the existing networks do.

Besides super-high quality communication signals capable of reaching any corner of the Earth, a 3G network will provide the user with high-speed and clear video telephony, IP-telephony (whereby phone calls pass through the Internet, which makes them far cheaper), and give him or her access to realtime audio and video transmissions, to consumer navigational services (maps and guides), and to mobile office and commercial facilities.

To sum up, 3G networks will give the ser a gadget that works as a personal universal switchboard, or a computer communication terminal and makes life a whole lot easier.

Europe and America have already opted for 3G networks. They have even started allocating frequencies for these networks.

Mobile networks of the third generation definitely offer great opportunities. Some countries have held tenders for frequencies in a bandwidth that will be used for such networks, and the tenders have brought the state

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treasury billions of dollars. Yet the technicalities, or "architecture," of 3G networks are still the subject of heated debate.

Russia too has taken quite a few steps toward setting up 3G networks. Several years ago, the Communications Ministry, complying with the relevant European agreements, passed a decision to make room for newcomers in a bandwidth to be used for 3G mobile networks. And 1999 R saw the emergence of the Association of Operators of 3G Mobile Networks, founded by companies working on the GSM standard. The Association conducts research in cellular communications, develops concepts for creating 3G networks, models and simulates new networks. Russia's plan is to gradually set up experimental sections of 3G mobile networks in major cities. This is supposed to bring in its wake a "technological miracle" that will see the complete networks in place in this country.

Moscow News № 8, 2001

Turkmenistan's Lawful Dictator

The ex-Soviet republic on Monday celebrated its National Flag Day and the birthday of its President Saparmurad Niyazov

Such carpets enjoy steady demand

By Vladimir Berezm Vremya MN

Turkmenistan, which boasts a third of the world's total gas reserves, has declined to take the IMF's advice and make its national currency fully convertible so as to attract Western investors. Instead, it has been spending its gas dollars on upgrading its oil refineries, prospecting for oil, buying Boeings and agricultural machinery, modernizing its sea port, and building railways and a highway. This Central Asian nation has hit Soviet-era indicators in cotton harvesting. It refused once and for all to accept food aid from the United Nations, having gathered in bumper grain harvests. Its new textile factories have flooded the marketplaces of Europe, America and Russia with kilometers of cheap denim. Turkmenistan created a sensation in 2000 by surpassing the economic growth rates of the world's fastest-growing emerging markets — China, South Korea, and other Southeast Asian "tigers."

Gas, which might have become a bone of contention, forced Ashgabat [the Turkmen capital] to adopt neutrality. Only a neutral status could make sure that it maintained normal relations with the fanatical Taliban and the Iranian worshippers of Ayatollah Khomeini; stayed friends with Azerbaijan despite the undivided Caspian Sea; did business in a big way with the Turks; and walked a tightrope between Moscow and Washington, who have been fighting over every pipeline in Central Asia.

The tactic of neutrality has borne fruit. For example, the West, that has

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been assiduously coaxing Ashgabat to lay a gas pipeline to Europe across the Caspian Sea, turns a blind eye to the "Turkmen species of democracy," Is President Saparmurad Niyazov a dictator? He certainly looks like one. But he came to power and retains the presidency in full accordance with the Turkmen Constitution. At a recent meeting with heads of foreign missions in his country, he announced that presidential elections would be held in 2010.

Incidentally, Niyazov invited his political opponents in the Agzybirlik (Unity) movement to share power. The radical nationalists who accepted the invitation know it was worth it. They got what they wanted from Niyazov: Turkmen as a state language; the truth about the battle with tsarist troops at Geok-Tepe restored; all monuments to faith-ful Leninists pulled down; virtually all Russian-sounding names replaced with Turkmen ones; the Akhalteke charger restored to its original splendor, and even a festival of the famous Turkmen melon instituted.

Niyazov is of course no saint. He clearly has the characteristics of a Communist Party old hand. He has a weakness for round numbers ("10 years of stability") and for rapturous applause greeting his appearance. He can discourse on any subject — from medicine to human rights. Without reckoning with society's opinion but acting "for its own good," he will force through unpopular decisions (to replace the Cyrillic with the Latin alphabet, end the use of Russian as a state language, introduce a visa regime with Russia). The Turkmen, a trusting and proud people, are well aware of the way their country is run, but they don't really mind it.

Moscow News № 8, 2001

Moscow Stage: Enter Dance

By staging “Phantasmal Ball,” chief choreographer of the Stanislavsky

Musical Theater Dmitry Bryantsev brought into being an independent ballet company, Enterdance

By Natalya Kolesova Moscow News

Bryantsev has not quit his main place of work, yet neither does he view the Stanislavsky troupe as a donor for his fledgling company. Both will exist autonomously, while Enterdance is open to any talented dancer from any theater. Its repertory will rely on short ballet pieces - miniatures by Leonid Jacobson and Kasyan Goleizovsky, and one-act productions by Bryantsev himself.

"Minor pieces cannot really exist in an academic theater," argues the ballet master, "for its audiences will always favor full-size productions. In the new

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theater I intend to shift the emphasis to modern choreography and Russian avant-garde of the mid-1900s."

Bryantsev has been a personal friend of Leonid Jacobson's wife Irina for years, so there will be no copyright hurdles to trip him in connection with the legacy of the great choreographer. At one time Irina wanted to hand over to still youthful Dmitry Bryantsev Jacobson's archives, but the authorities would not allow it. Then, with Ms. Jacobson's permission, he made a careful study of all the documents in the repository of the Leningrad archive. Since stage managers are still living who restored Jacob-son's mini-ballets for the Leningrad-based troupe of Askold Makarov, one can be assured of the unadulterated purity of Jacobson choreography in Moscow productions.

Dmitry Bryantsev's new theater will be housed in the Business Center on Prospekt Mira, in a huge hall under a glass roof that is to be divided into three rehearsal areas. There is also a stage with a 700-seat hall. Bryantsev has a hunch that it will take some six months to rebuild and prepare the place. The choreographer's plans are impressive. In the Slanislavsky Theater he will stage two ballets for children - "Bambi" and "Circus Has Come" - and also the longawaited theater version of his movie ballet "Galatea." To dampen his admirers' enthusiasm a little, Bryantsev warns that neither the choreography nor the music will have anything in common with the film, though the primary source. Loewe's musical, will mercifully be preserved. Enterdance's repertory will consist of Bryantsev's old one-act productions and numerous premieres.

Moscow News № 18, 2001

Gokhran Sells Off Diamonds To Buy Gold

The Finance Ministry a year ago came up with the idea of Gokhran's (State Depository of Valuables') facilities to build a gold reserve as an alternative to the Central Bank's. Now the idea is being vigorously implemented

By Anton Belov

Vremya MN

Gokhran will start auctioning off large-sized diamonds from the State Reserve as early as the second half of August, Gokhran head Valery Rudakov announced, adding that preparations for the auctions are being completed. "The proceeds from the diamond sales will go toward purchases of precious metals," he said. "Subsequently, Gokhran will set up a state reserve of precious metals rather than gems because the metals are more liquid."

The proceeds from the auction sales will go straight to the gold market. In the first half of 2001, Gokhran bought no more than eight tonnes of gold from the producers, Rudakov announced. And the total amount of gold to be bought