- •Building Materials and their main characteristics
- •Введение
- •V. Put the sentences into Past и Future Simple. Use the words last, next year, month, tomorrow, yesterday. Translate them into Russian.
- •VI. Learn the new words and word combinations to the text Cement.
- •VII . Read and translate the text Cement.
- •VIII. Work in pairs. Express the same in English.
- •IX. Work in pairs. Make up sentences from the following words. Translate them into Russian:
- •X. Work in pairs. Translate the sentences into English.
- •Topic Studies at the University
- •IV. Compare Simple Active and Passive verb forms. Translate them into Russian. Give the sentences of your own. Use the phrases, given below.
- •V. Use Simple Passive in the following sentences. Translate them into Russian. Compare the results with your partner.
- •VI. Work in pairs. Translate the sentences into English in writing.
- •VII. Learn the prepositions used after the following verbs and their meanings.
- •VIII. Learn the new words and word combinations to the topic Studies at the University.
- •IX. Read and translate the topic Studies at the University.
- •X. Discuss the following questions with your partner.
- •IV. Work in pairs. Choose the correct verb form. Translate the sentences
- •Into Russian.
- •V. Change Simple verb forms into Continuous ones. Use the words now,
- •VI. Put the sentences into Past Continuous Passive. Translate them into Russian.
- •VII. Learn the new words and word combinations to the text Concrete.
- •VIII. Read and translate the text Concrete.
- •IX. Work in pairs. Say the same in English.
- •X. Work in pairs. Make up sentences from the following words:
- •XI. Translate the sentences into English in writing.
- •XII. Choose a topic about raw materials, stages in producing, concrete properties or wide application. Act the dialogue with your partner.
- •XIII. Work in pairs. Ask and answer more questions about Concrete.
- •XIV. Sum up the text about Concrete.
- •I. Review degrees of comparison of adjectives.
- •II. Form the comparative and superlative degrees from the adjectives:
- •III. Choose the right form of adjectives or adverbs.
- •IV. Read the information and entitle the text. Convert feet to metres.
- •V. Learn the new words and word compositions to the topic Building materials.
- •VI. Read and translate the topic Building materials.
- •VII. Discuss the following questions with your partner.
- •IV. Translate these sentences into Russian.
- •V. Choose the correct verb forms. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VI. Work in pairs. Use Perfect Passive verb forms. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Learn the new words and word combinations to the text Plastics.
- •VIII. Read and translate the text Plastics.
- •IX. Work in pairs. Say the same in English.
- •X. Work in pairs. Make up sentences from the following words. Translate them into Russian:
- •XI. Work in pairs. Translate the sentences into English in writing.
- •XII. Choose a topic about plastics in our life, unique combination of properties, advantages or application in future. Act the dialogue with your partner.
- •XIII. Work in pairs. Ask and answer more questions about Plastics.
- •XIV. Sum up the text Plastics.
- •I. Learn the new words and word combinations to the topic My Speciality.
- •II. Read and translate the text My Speciality.
- •III. Discuss the following questions with your partner.
- •IV. Choose a topic about construction as a career, builders services in future or demand for civil engineers today. Act the dialogue with your partner.
- •V. Say the same in English.
- •Sum up the topic about Your Speciality. The texts’ review Practise your reading and translating skills.
- •I. Read and translate the following information about Cement
- •II. Say the following in English.
- •III. Give your opinion.
- •I. Read and translate the following information about Concrete
- •II. Say the following in English.
- •III. Give your opinion.
- •I. Read and translate the following information about Plastics
- •II. Say the following in English.
- •III. Give your opinion.
- •Оглавление
- •Building Materials and their main characteristics
IV. Translate these sentences into Russian.
1. This is a very good book. I have just read it with pleasure.
2. He has been absent this week. He has been ill.
3. I haven’t seen you for a long time. Where have you been?
4. By the beginning of the lecture the laboratory assistant had brought all the necessary diagrams.
5. Have you finished your diploma work yet? No, I shall have finished it by the end of June.
6. They won’t have passed their exams by the time you return.
7. Show me the dress you have made yourself, please.
8. She has never spoken to him.
9. Give me a pencil please. I’ve lost mine.
V. Choose the correct verb forms. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. He (has graduated, graduated) from Moscow University named after Lomonosov this year.
He (will graduate, will have graduated) from Moscow University named after Lomonosov in 6 years.
2. She (saw, has seen) us in the morning yesterday.
She (saw, has seen) us this morning.
3. I (have met, met) him last year.
I never (had met, have met) him before.
4. Our group (will do, will have done) a lab work tomorrow.
Our group (will have done, will do) a lab work by 7 o’clock.
5. This problem (is discussed, has been discussed) in the press lately.
This problem (was discussed, had been discussed) yesterday.
VI. Work in pairs. Use Perfect Passive verb forms. Translate the sentences into Russian.
Model: He has received a letter.
The letter has been received.
1. The students have done their homework very well.
2. Tom has left his notebook at home.
3. I have told you about a lecture.
4. The assistant had prepared the experiment by 2 o’clock.
5. She had finished her test when we came.
6. The teacher had examined all the students by 5 o’clock.
7. I have not made my plans yet.
8. The boy has not told the truth.
VII. Learn the new words and word combinations to the text Plastics.
Plastics [`plæstiks] - пластмасса, синтетические материалы
Discovery [dis`k٨vƏri] – открытие
To contain [kƏn`tein] - содержать
Synthetic resin [sin`θetik `rezin] - искусственная смола
Celluloid [selju:`loid] - целлулоид
To mould [`mould] -формовать
Rigid [`ridჳid] - жесткий
Impenetrable [im`penitrƏbl] – непроницаемый
Flexible [`fleksƏbl] - гибкий
To derive from [di`raiv] - происходить от
Thermosetting [θƏ:mou`setiŋ] - термореактивный
Thermoplastic [θƏ:mou`plæstik] - термопластический
To distinguish [dis`tingwi∫] - различать
Behaviour [bi`heivjƏ] - поведение
Fibrous material [`faibrƏs] - волокнистый материал
To replace [ri`pleis] - заменять
Covering [`k٨veriŋ] - покрытие
VIII. Read and translate the text Plastics.
Plastics are the most important materials resulting from scientific discoveries. They contain synthetic resin, forming high molecular substances. The word plastic is a general name for a group of materials meaning “capable of being moulded”. The plastics industry dates perhaps from 1870 with the initial production of celluloid.
There are now hundreds of different plastics, each with its own particular properties. Some plastics are hard, rigid and quite impenetrable by light. Others are flexible as celluloid even more transparent and extremely hard. But all of them were developed by scientists from chemicals derived from coal, petroleum, water and air.
By alloying, modifying and changing the structure of polymers technologists produce different kinds of plastics. There are two basic groups of plastics: “thermosetting” and “thermoplastic” distinguished by their behavior when heated.
Today plastics are of great importance because they offer a unique combination of properties valuable for construction. They are: small unit weight, great mechanical strength, durability, good insulating properties, variety of colours, resistance to corrosion and chemicals.
Plastics can be reinforced by fibrous materials such as glass fibre, nylon. Plastics are suitable for many purposes. In some cases they replace metal and glass.
Nowadays plastics can be applied to almost every branch of building, from the laying of foundation to the final coat of paint. A lot of decorative plastics have brought about a revolution in interior and exterior design. Plastics are good for walls covering. It can last for 20 years or more due to its durability in schools, hostels, cinemas, offices, hotels, and ships. Wall covering is easily and simply cleaned with hot soapy water and a cloth – this is the only maintenance required. Laminate is another example. It is a strong material manufactured from many layers of paper or textile impregnated with thermosetting resins. This sandwich is then pressed and subjected to heat. Laminate gives the tough (strong) surface. It resists severe weather conditions for more than ten years without serious deformation.
In conclusion we can say that plastics are really the wonder engineering materials of the modern age.