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5)During our stay in Paris we went on a day … to Disneyland.

6)It was a long and exhausting …, and when we got off the train, we gave a sigh of relief.

7)The children went on a short vacation ... in July.

8)The ... across the Pacific was a stormy one.

9)When you plan a business trip, it’s better to … by air.

10)Though the distance was not great across the mountains, the railway ... was very tiresome.

SECTION 2

1. Match the holidays with the photos.

2.Which of these holidays can be described as romantic, dangerous, expensive, cheap, relaxing?

3.Compare the types of holidays in exercise 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of either of these types of holidays?

4.Match the types of holidays in exercise 1 with the appropriate brochure slogan below.

1)Where the sunshine never goes on holiday.

2)A floating five-star hotel.

3)Escape the crowds.

4)The thrill of viewing wild animals.

5)An exciting dune drive – an experience you can’t miss.

6)Tents available for hire.

7)Sun glistening on the white Alpine slopes.

8)Bangkok – where East meets West.

5.A lot of people choose a ready-made package holiday when they go abroad. A package holiday is a holiday that includes accommodation, transport, transfer to a resort, and sometimes

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meals and excursions. Tourists just want to have fun and relax. Some people prefer to travel individually and arrange all their transport and accommodation without using travel professionals. Do you prefer package holidays or independent travel? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each kind of travel?

Read the text and define the types of holidays described.

In modern times more and more people choose to have a trip to another city or country when the holidays come. But even today, many people associate tourism with lying on a beach near a warm sea. The reality is quite different, and more and more tour operators try to tailor their products to the public diverse tastes. That is why there are various kinds of holidays with a difference.

The classic three S’s tourism (sea, sand, and sun) still dominates the industry. Many sun and sea oriented tourists travel to the tropics, both in summer and winter. Places of such nature often visited are: Bali in Indonesia, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Egypt, Malaysia, Mexico, Thailand, Saint-Tropez and Cannes in France, Florida, Hawaii in the US, and The Bahamas.

Extreme tourism or adventure and action is a type of tourism involving travel to remote, exotic and possibly dangerous places like mountains, jungles, deserts, caves or participation in dangerous events that require significant effort and involve some degree of risk. This may include activities such as mountaineering, trekking, bungee jumping, mountain biking, whitewater rafting and rock climbing. Adventure tourism is rapidly growing in popularity, as tourists seek different kinds of vacations.

Cultural tourism is concerned with a country’s or region’s culture, specifically the lifestyle of the people in those geographical areas, the history of those people, their art, architecture, religion, and other elements that helped shape their way of life. Cultural tourism includes tourism in urban areas, particularly historic or large cities, such as Berlin, London, Paris, Delhi, Rome, Prague, Beijing, Kyoto, or Warsaw, and their cultural facilities such as museums and theatres. It can also include tourism in rural areas showing the traditions of indigenous communities, their values and lifestyle.

Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile and usually protected areas of natural or ecological interest, where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. It involves travelling that does not pose a threat to the environment for the purpose of observing wildlife and learning about the environment. Ecotourism integrates tourism with ecology, offering wide varieties of landscapes and activities. In countries like Costa Rica, Ecuador, or Nepal ecotourism holidays are of major importance to the economy. Ecotourism destinations offer an amazing range of activity and adventure holidays, whether trekking holidays in Peru, walking holidays in Vietnam, tiger conservation in India, whale watching in the Arctic Circle or safari holidays in Kenya and Uganda.

Educational tourism may involve travelling to an education institution to take personalinterest classes, such as language classes or cooking classes with a famous chef. In addition, people can enjoy the sights, learn about the culture and relax in a pleasant environment. This type of tourism combines education with leisure activities.

Gambling tourism is to travel to such places as Atlantic City, Las Vegas, Macau or Monte Carlo for the purpose of gambling at the casinos.

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Medical tourism usually focuses around travelling across international borders to obtain medical treatment. It can be for advanced care that is not available in one’s own country or in the case that there are long waiting lists in one’s own country.

As a result of the stress of modern living, tourists are increasingly seeking relaxation in a range of holidays that can be classified as escape and enlightenment. Escape can come through a stay in a spa, a health farm, or some similar places where it is possible to get away from the urgency and tension of life today. Enlightenment can come through the practice of activities such as yoga and meditation, or indirectly through the discovery of oneself often made by people on pilgrimages.

The charming landscapes, fresh air as well as adventurous experience attract large numbers of people to travel throughout the world. Even whenever we feel stressed out, travelling comes to our mind. No matter when and where we go, we just want to have a heart bathe in the different atmosphere and culture. It is great power of travel. Travel enriches our life. Travel refreshes our brain. Travel purifies our soul. Travel now has become a lifestyle.

COMPREHENSION CHECK

1.Refer these ‘holidays with a difference’ to the proper type of tourism according to the text.

1)tour of Scotland visiting historic castles

2)mountain climbing

3)four-week trip to London to learn English

4)pilgrimage to Mecca

5)whale-watching off the west coast of the USA

6)windsurfing

7)week at a health farm to relax and ‘de-stress’

8)weekend in Paris to visit museums and art galleries

9)safari in Kenya

10)travelling to Israel to obtain health care

11)weekend break of beauty treatments and relaxation in a spa hotel

12)travelling to Aruba, famous for its casinos, and where Caribbean Poker was invented

2.Find the English equivalents in the text for the following:

адаптировать продукт к разнообразным потребностям; доминировать в индустрии; путешествовать c целью наблюдения за дикой природой; представлять угрозу для окружающей среды; путешествовать с целью участия в азартных играх; убегать от спешки и напряжения; привлекать большое количество людей; восстанавливать умственные способности.

3. Which words make up word combinations according to the text? Give their Russian equivalents.

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ACTIVITY

1. Study each of the examples below. What kind of tourism is it? Use the information from Sections 1and 2. Note that the examples might fit into more than one category.

1)Jane lives in France. She is the most successful salesperson of the year in her company. She was awarded a holiday in Bali.

2)Sam is a travel agent from Berlin. He is visiting Florida to get to know the hotel facilities.

3)Miguel and Jose from Spain are visiting Wales on holiday. They are going on a hang-gliding course. They booked the course, accommodation and flight with a Spanish tour operator.

4)Maria and Ken are having a sightseeing tour in Italy. They live in Glasgow.

5)Japanese businessmen are negotiating a contract in Russia.

6)The Patels family is having a safari in Kenya. They booked it with Thomas Cook in their home town in England.

7)Suzie is going to New York for two days and has booked a flight on the British Airways website. She also booked a hotel on the Booking website.

8)Peter is from Canada. He goes to visit his sister in the USA every Christmas.

9)Miguel is from Spain. He is visiting the UK to attend a language course for two weeks.

SECTION 3

1.Have you ever travelled for any of these reasons? Where did you go?

1)to escape boredom

2)to run away from a broken heart

3)to broaden your experience of the world

4)to learn languages

5)to get a suntan

6)to take a break from your studies

7)to visit historical sites or travel along a historical route

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2. What were your motivating factors last time you went on holiday?

Match headings 1–7 with the advertisements for holidays with a difference a–g.

1)Hot Springs – Spa and Nature Resort, Mexico

2)Top Gaming Destinations

3)Kenya animals and the ‘Big Five’

4)Beach holidays – for the ultimate family break in the sun

5)The pilgrimage of the Camino De Santiago

6)Learn English with us!

7)Leave the ordinary behind

a)You love that adrenaline sensation. You can afford to lose moderately, hoping in a big win. Take care, not to become addicted! Cards, roulette, computer games, everything is good for your need to take chances. What is your favorite gambling destination? Travelling to Las Vegas, Sun City in South Africa, Reno, the Caribbean Islands.

b)Whether it is family fun, romance, pure relaxation, great watersports, or just a knock-out tan you’re after, beach holidays are hard to beat. Excellent sunny resorts, at very competitive prices can be enjoyed in Turkey, Bulgaria, and Egypt. You are guaranteed sunshine, and are sure to find sandy beaches, palms, beach bars and beautifully refreshing water to help you soak away the stresses of modern life.

c)Are you interested in joining a group for a religious walk?

In the 12th century, a French monk wrote a book about a journey from the French border to Santiago de Compostela. This extraordinary journey in search of the tomb of the Apostle James became a 100-mile walk pilgrimage to the ancient religious site in north-west Spain. Your luggage is moved ahead each day, and you are accommodated in comfortable small hotels and guest houses. Departing late April, and returning in late July.

d) Malta is a sunny and friendly place to learn English, with thousands of years of history. Our English school is in a charming tourist resort built around a small bay, surrounded by beaches, shops and bars.

We offer a variety of English courses including General English, Business English, and Medical English courses. We promise each of our students the highest standard of tuition possible. We offer hi-tech

teaching tools, with the most modern facilities and equipment. The school also has free internet cafe and wireless access in the main school! There are 2 roof-top gardens, a student lounge, a big cafe, a business lounge, and access to one of Malta’s best gyms.

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e) Rio Caliente is a natural hot springs spa and retreat centre. Situated on the slopes of an ancient valley, it offers the natural beauty of the forest and mountains and boasts perfect mountain climate. Rio Caliente provides the ideal secluded location for the spa-goer seeking rest, relaxation, and rejuvenation.

Here you can enjoy daily yoga and water exercises, guided nature hikes, soaks in hot mineral water, horseback excursions, massage, aromatherapy, beauty and anti-aging treatments.

Recharge your spirit and your imagination. Recharge your body and soul. Come to Rio Caliente!

f) Kenya is a world attraction for its rich abundance of wildlife, most of which can be found in its national parks and reserves. To experience the true magic of Kenya, a wildlife safari is unbeatable. The thrill of viewing wild animals in their natural habitat, of spending nights under starry African skies, and of achieving closeness with nature makes this an unforgettable holiday. Select from three safaris designed to cater for both firsttimers and those returning to discover more of Africa.

The ‘Big Five’

g) You love to ski or snowboard but you are tired of hard-packed runs, lift lines and crowded slopes? If yes, it’s time to join us! Advanced to expert skiers and boarders will find lots of power, diversified terrain, and challenging runs at a huge area! Intermediate skiers and boarders will find our new Heli-Relax groups the perfect way to experience the most exciting skiing on Earth. All will find our fantastic mountain lodge facility the perfect way to enjoy the most outstanding vacation.

COMPREHENSION CHECK

1.Read the advertisements again and answer the following questions.

1)Where would someone go for spiritual comfort?

2)Where could you see animals in the wild?

3)Which tour requires you to have some money which can be lost?

4)Which holiday is designed to study a foreign language?

5)Which tour requires much walking but gives a chance to enjoy the scenery en route?

6)Where could you get a beautiful suntan?

7)Which tour requires a good skill of skiing?

2.In groups, decide which of the holidays you would recommend for the following people. Which holiday would you choose for yourself? Why?

1)A family of four – a couple with two children aged eight and four. They are not particularly rich, but not poor either. They have two weeks available.

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2)A group of students. They have plenty of time, and they want to go somewhere to practice English and to get a suntan.

3)A retired couple in their sixties, healthy and active, interested in culture and nature.

4)A single woman. She has a very well-paid but stressful job as a lawyer.

5)A group of experienced skiers who like adventure and excitement.

6)A newly married couple on their honeymoon trip.

7)A person who enjoys taking risks and wants to add some excitement to his travel.

1. Match the words from a) with the words from b) to make compound nouns for different holiday activities. Which activities are possible to do in your city or region?

2. Choose from these words to label the pictures. Which of these activities would you like to try? Explain your choice.

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READING Ecotourism

Match headings 1–5 with paragraphs a-e below. Do you think that ecotourism is an important trend in tourism? Why?

1)Getting there

2)Why visit Antarctica

3)Research

4)What is ecotourism?

5)Sending a card

a)Antarctica with its breathtaking unspoilt landscape is an ideal destination for any eco tourist. This type of holidays is becoming more and more popular as increasing numbers of people start to think about the environmental impact of their trips abroad. Ecotourism doesn’t mean boring tourism as there are still many fun and memorable things to do that are both entertaining and friendly to the environment. It’s more than just a nature holiday.

b)The coldest and most barren continent on the planet boasts abundant and varied wildlife that makes an impressive ecosystem.

Penguins, whales, orcas, fur seals and albatross are only a few of the species that make travellers get a glimpse of the animals in their natural habitat. Spend a day bird watching with trained ornithologists. Scuba dive in the chilliest waters in the world. Photograph icebergs from a kayak. Go ice-camping overnight in the vast snow plains.

c)Although there is no permanent population, 1,000 to 4,000 scientists, researchers and support workers call Antarctica home for many months of the year.

The research carried out isn’t all about Antarctic wildlife and marine life. Glaciology, astronomy, atmospheric physics and chemistry, weather forecast, geology, palaeontology and medicine are also very popular subjects for study.

d)Located approximately 600 miles from the southern tip of South America and about 1,500 miles from Australia, Antarctica isn’t the easiest place to travel to. Still, almost 40,000 travellers manage to make the trip every year. The cruise will take around two days if travelling from South America. Most trips depart from Ushuaia, Argentina or Punta Arenas, Chile. Almost all accommodation is ship-based, unless you’ve arranged to carry out research in one of the science bases, and you may be required to share a cabin as trips to the continent are limited.

e)And to prove you’ve been there, why not send a postcard from the only post office on the continent.

COMPREHENSION CHECK

1.Answer the following questions.

1)Why is ecotourism becoming more and more popular?

2)Where is Antarctica situated?

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3)What is the population of Antarctica?

4)What type of transport do tourists use to visit Antarctica?

5)Where do tourists stay?

6)What activities can tourists do?

7)What species of animals attract tourists’ attention?

8)What are popular subjects for study in Antarctica?

2.Match the words with their definitions.

3.Use the words 1-7 from exercise 2 above to complete the sentences.

1)The hotel can … of high standards of comfort.

2)The river banks were … in beautiful wild plants.

3)We drove through a(n) …, rocky landscape.

4)There are some very ... buildings in the town.

5)The oil slick seriously threatens … life around the islands.

6)A(n) ... audience watched the broadcast.

7)I only caught a(n) … of the ocean.

SECTION 4

1.In pairs, discuss the following questions.

1)How do you think tourists’ reasons for travelling have changed in the last 20 years?

2)What do you think is meant by ‘old’, ‘new’ and ‘future’ tourism?

2.Are these words related to ‘old ’, ‘new’ or ‘future’ tourism? Why?

Read the text to check your answers to the questions above.

In the 1980s and early 1990s, when Africans first realized that tourism could be a way out of their poverty, they built very large concrete hotels on the beaches of Kenya, South Africa, and other countries. For a time the charter flights poured in from Europe. The tourists hoped to see lions, but also wanted to lie by the pool and to eat food from their own countries and enjoy the

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other comforts of home. The revenue from tourism rose sharply, but most of it went to international tour operators.

That was then. The tourist industry has grown significantly over the last 20 years. Technological advances in transport and communication have made the world more accessible to more people, and aroused the desire to experience more of it. Changes in lifestyle and interests, greater incomes and increased leisure time contribute to demand. So, a new kind of travel is now in fashion. Today’s tourists are leaving the high-rise hotels and European comforts. Instead they are looking for more authentic experiences. On the wild coast of South Africa, tourists ride horses on unspoilt beaches and make their way through hills of subtropical vegetation. In the evening they sit round the fire and eat traditional meals, or listen to local people tell folk stories before going to bed in simple tents and lodges. The experience is not offered by an international tour operator but by local people.

The change from ‘old tourism’ to ‘new tourism’ did not happen suddenly. Interest in the traditional two-week sun and sea package holiday fell gradually towards the end of the last century. Individual tailor-made or independent holidays have steadily become more popular. The more aware consumers become about the dangers of sunbathing on a beach holiday, the greater the demand for activity or adventure holidays. Those seeking safety and reasonable cost can choose a ‘spa’ holiday. The increase in car ownership led to more people choosing to drive to their destination rather than take a train or a coach. It also led to a demand for car use on holidays, which gives people the convenience of using cars in their daily lives, so why not on holiday. In response, tour operators developed ‘fly-drive’ holidays to give customers flexibility. Nowadays people are taking shorter yet more diverse and frequent holidays. Long-haul flights are increasing and are making faraway places easier to get to. More tourists are looking for adventure, activity, and authenticity. Adventure travel, ecotourism, cultural tours are taking people to more exotic destinations.

What about future? Space tourism is expected to ‘take off’ in the 21st century, although compared with traditional destinations the number of tourists in orbit will remain low until new technologies make space travel cheap. Technological improvement is likely to make possible airship hotels, based either on solar-powered airplanes or large dirigibles. Underwater hotels, such as Hydropolis in Dubai, are expected to open. On the ocean, tourists will be welcomed by ever larger cruise ships and, perhaps, floating cities.

International tourism demand tends to follow the law of demand. The more products consumers demand, the more pressure there is on tourism professionals to make them available. The more products and destinations are on offer, the more consumers expect, and the quicker they are tired of the old and search for the new.

COMPREHENSION CHECK

1. Use the information from the text to complete the table. Add your own ideas.

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