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2. Which words make up word combinations according to the text? Give their Russian equivalents.

You are going to try to persuade other students to go on holiday with a difference to ‘your’ location. Decide on the main ‘selling points’. Design a poster to illustrate the attractions of your holiday location and make notes for a talk.

Read and translate the poem ‘On an island’ by Rachel Field (1894 – 1942), an American novelist, poet, and author of children’s fiction. What changes come over a person once he has experienced life on an island? Now, read the poem aloud as expressively as possible.

KEY WORDS TO REMEMBER

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4. World Destinations

In pairs, comment on the quotation. Make use of the word combinations below and clichés on page 108.

1. Destinations are classified into different categories. Match the six categories with descriptions a-f below. Think of a local example for each of the categories from your country.

a)offer greater quality at higher prices for fewer visitors

b)are constructed mainly or completely to serve the needs of tourism

c)only appeal to very specific groups of tourists

d)are cities, towns, and villages

e)receive millions of tourists every year

f)include seas, lakes, rivers, coasts, mountain ranges, deserts, and so on

2.Match the maps with the names of the countries below.

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3. Guess which countries from exercise 2 are described.

1)It is the largest country in the world with the total area over 6.5 million square miles, that is about 1,8 times the size of the USA. It is situated in the Eastern part of Europe and Northern part of Asia. The country spans through 11 times zones. The average temperatures of January vary from 0 °C to 50 °C, July – from 1°C to 25 °C. Thus, this country is one of the coldest countries in the world. It has an extremely wide natural resource base. There are 85 nature reserves and 25 national parks.

2)This country is a peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea. Its most prominent feature is its bootlike shape. The Apennine mountains cut down the center of it, stretching from north to south, dividing the east and west coasts. This country has many internationally known tourist areas and many ancient ruins from the ancient Roman Empire.

3)It is a country in the Western Hemisphere. By total area (water as well as land), this country is either slightly larger or smaller than the People’s Republic of China, making it the world’s third or fourth largest country. By land area only (exclusive of waters), it is the world’s third largest country. Due to its large size and wide range of geographic features, this country contains examples of nearly every global climate. The climate is temperate in most areas. It holds many areas for the use and enjoyment of the public. These include national parks, national monuments, national forests, wilderness areas, and other areas.

4. Attractions are classified into two main types: natural and man-made. Match the attractions below with the appropriate type. Can you find these attractions in your country?

5. Name the famous attractions below. Match the attractions with the countries in exercise 2.

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Read the information on attractions in the United Kingdom and give examples of natural and man-made types.

A survey of visits to attractions is conducted annually by the national tourist boards of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales to monitor visitors and other trends. According to the survey, there are an estimated 640 attractions in the United Kingdom. Attractions appealto the domestic tourism market and the inbound tourism market. There are, of course, hundreds of different types of attractions but we can broadly divide them as follows.

Natural attractions. These include beautiful beaches, lakes and landscapes. In order to protect them, some are designated as the areas of outstanding beauty, national parks or heritage coasts.

Man-made attractions. Man-made attractions may still be historic; in the UK they have a wealth of historic houses, often cared for by the National Trust or English Heritage. There are also museums and galleries such as the Tate Gallery, the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Museum of Moving Image. These examples are in London, however, there are museums throughout the country. Favourite man-made attractions are theme parks, for example Thorpe Park.

COMPREHENSION CHECK

1.According to the text, are the following statements true or false? If they are false, say why.

1)A survey of visits to attractions is held every year in the UK.

2)The survey is done to monitor the number of visitors.

3)According to the survey, there are less than six hundred attractions in the United Kingdom.

4)Natural attractions don’t include heritage coasts.

5)Designated areas are created to protect man-made attractions.

6)The Tate Gallery isn’t located in London.

2.Which words make up word combinations according to the text? Give their Russian equivalents.

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SECTION 2

1.In pairs, discuss the following questions.

1)Have you ever been abroad?

2)Which countries attract you most?

3)Which countries do you expect to be the most-visited ones? Why?

4)Which part of the world generates the biggest number of most-visited countries?

5)What influences the popularity of a country?

2.Which countries are associated with the following things:

sky-blue seashore; snails; skyscrapers; spaghetti; wine; all-inclusive tours; a great variety of tea; corrida; doubl-decker buses; tulips?

Read the following information and fill in the final column in the table below to show the change in International tourist arrivals from 2010 to 2011. Give a brief analysis of the situation.

In 2011, there were 940 million international tourist arrivals, with a growth of 6.6% as compared to 2010. The World Tourism Organization reports the following ten countries as the most visited in terms of the number of international travellers. In 2011, China overtook Spain to become the third most visited country.

Which countries are reported as both the biggest earners and the biggest spenders? Read the information below to find out if you are right.

International tourism receipts grew to US$919 billion (€693 billion) in 2011, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 4.7% from 2010. The World Tourism Organization reports the following countries as the top five tourism earners for the year 2011, with the United States by far the top earner.

International tourism earners

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International tourism expenditures

The World Tourism Organization reports the following countries as the top five biggest spenders on international tourism for the year 2011.

COMPREHENSION CHECK

1. Complete the table.

1) If you spend more than you …, you will get into debt.

2) When you are on a business trip you can claim things like travel and hotel costs as … . But you must remember to get a … .

3) The IT manager is one of the highest … in the company. His total … are twice what I …. 4) The travel agency didn’t make a profit last year because the … was greater than the … from

the customers.

5) France … the greatest number of tourists annually.

ACTIVITY Most-Visited Countries

Look at the flags of the most-visited countries. Identify each country by its flag.

1) 2) 3)

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SECTION 3

1. What are the ingredients for a top travel destination? The things that attract tourists to a particular country can be divided into different groups. Look at the table and add your own examples.

2. Decide which column in exercise 1 the words in the list should go in (there may be more than one possibility).

3.Use the words from exercise 2 above to complete the sentences.

1)The Niagara … are renowned for their beauty and a valuable source of hydroelectric power.

2)A(n) … or seashore is the area where land meets the sea or ocean.

3)These beautiful old churches are part of our national …. .

4)This country has a … climate, with mild winters and cool summers.

5)He doesn’t like the city. He prefers to live in the … .

6)A(n) … is a type of fortified structure built in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by the European nobility.

7) Concerts involving a lot of artists and lasting for multiple days are known as … .

Italy and China are among the most popular destinations visited by thousands of tourists from all over the world. What do you know about these countries? Think about climate, geography and location, natural features, main attractions, and their importance as a tourist destination. Then read the texts and check your answers.

ITALY

Italy is located in Southern Europe and comprises the boot-shaped Italian Peninsula and a number of islands including the two largest, Sicily and Sardinia.

The climate of Italy is highly diverse. Most of the inland northern regions of Italy, for example, Piedmont, Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna have a climate variously described as humid continental or temperate. Conditions on peninsular coastal areas can be very different from the interior’s higher ground and valleys, particularly during the winter months when the higher

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altitudes tend to be cold, wet, and often snowy. The coastal regions have mild winters and warm, dry summers, although lowland valleys can be quite hot in summer.

The country is famous for its pizzas, pasta, good wine and designers like Prada, Fendi, Gucci and Armani. Italy also has a lot of amazing places for tourism, unbelievable architecture all over the country, stunning natural landscapes and beaches.

Italy’s contributions to the cultural and historical heritage of Europe and the world remain immense. Italy is home to the greatest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and has rich collections of art, culture and literature from many different periods. The country has had a broad cultural influence worldwide, because numerous Italians emigrated to other places. Furthermore, the nation has an estimated 100,000 monuments, museums, palaces, buildings, statues, churches, art galleries, villas, fountains, historic houses and archaeological remains.

CHINA

China’s vast size gives it a wide variety of landscapes. In the east, along the shores of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, there are extensive and densely populated plains, while on the edges of the Inner Mongolian plateau in the north, broad grasslands are visible. Southern China is dominated by hill country and low mountain ranges, while the central-east hosts the deltas of China’s two major rivers, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. The country’s highest point, Mt. Everest (8848m), lies on the Sino-Nepalese border.

The climate is mainly dominated by dry seasons and wet monsoons, which lead to a pronounced temperature differences between winter and summer. In winter it’s cold and dry; in summer it’s warm and moist. The climate in China differs from region to region because of the country’s extensive and

complex topography.

There are thousands of attractions that you will appreciate and love in China. It will take you years to go through these attractions.

China can’t be called ‘China’ without its heritage. The country has a written history of about 3,500 years. Historical sites and relics are many travellers highlights. Ancient Towns, Buddhist Temples, Castles and Chinese Gardens are some main types of history-related sights in China.

COMPREHENSION CHECK

1.Complete the following sentences according to the text.

1)Italy comprises the boot-shaped Italian … .

2)The climate of Italy is highly … .

3)The … regions have mild winters and warm, generally dry summers.

4)Italy is a mixture of old architecture and stunning natural … .

5)Italy’s contributions to the cultural and historical … of Europe and the world remain immense.

6)China is dominated by hill country and low mountain … .

7)There are thousands of … that you will appreciate and love in China.

8)Historical sites and relics are many travellers … .

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2. Which words make up word combinations according to the text? Give their Russian equivalents.

1. What do you know about South Africa and Sardinia? Use the information below to describe these tourist destinations.

2. Find out about a famous tourist destination in the internet and prepare a short presentation. Use the plan below.

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SECTION 4

1.In pairs, discuss the following questions.

1)Which is your favourite destination?

2)Have you changed your holiday preferences if comparing your childhood and now?

3)What makes a destination favourite?

2.Think of a destination. Make up at least ten sentences to describe it to the other students in the group. Can they guess the place?

Read the descriptions of favourite holiday destinations presented by different people. What do they like about their favourite places?

1)Sandra is a teacher in London. She works with people all the time and wants to escape while on holiday. So, most years Sandra rents a remote cottage in the Borders, just inside Scotland. It is a long way from anywhere. It has got spectacular views, but the only building you can see is an old ruined castle, and that is five miles away. Her main activity is walking through the hills. Sometimes she drives over to the east, where there is the dramatic coastline of Northumberland. It is still unspoilt. No one can get hold of her. The cottage does not even have electricity, so there is no phone, no TV, and the mobile does not get reception, unless you climb the hill at the back of the cottage, but that is 600 metres, so it is got to be a real emergency!

2)Rosa goes away for long weekends about five or six times a year. She has already been to Vienna, Budapest and Prague this year. Rosa loves art galleries and walking through the streets of the ancient city. She gets a feel for the cultural heritage of a place. But her favourite place at the moment has got to be Barcelona. She loves the Gaudi architecture and, of course, the delicious food. She thinks it is the complete city. It is also the place where she and her boyfriend went for their first holiday, so it is got happy memories for them.

3)Usually Brent goes to the Mediterranean. His father has a villa on Cyprus - his parents got here for a relaxing break, but it’s not so interesting for him. He likes to go to clubs with his friends, meet girls, dance, and drink a few beers. Brent thinks the best place is Ibiza. He has been there for two summers and it is a good scene with exciting nightlife and lively bars. He does not go for the sun. He thinks there are too many crowded beaches. Last year, he stayed on for the season since he got a job in a bar. That was cool! Maybe Brent will go back this summer.

COMPREHENSION CHECK

1.According to the text, are the following statements true or false? If they are false, say why.

1)Sandra is fond of having a holiday alone because of her working activity.

2)It’s impossible to be in touch with Sandra when she is on holiday.

3)Rosa goes on holiday several times a year.

4)Rosa doesn’t like sightseeing.

5)Brent goes to the Mediterranean to have a relaxing holiday.

6)Brent likes the exciting nightlife of Ibiza.

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