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nicipal water parks has risen to more than 80 million, yet the attractions at these facilities constitute one of the safest forms of recreation available to the public. Bicycling, soccer, skiing, and numerous other similar activities lead to hundreds of thousands more injuries every year than those stemming from water park attractions of all types.

This record is due to many factors, the most fundamental one being that the water park sector is a responsible, professional industry, subject to a thorough set of internal safety checks and various independent examinations.

Through programs relating to maintenance, operations, and personnel training, facilities are actively and constantly engaged in promoting safety. Water parks divide their inspection and maintenance programs into hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly activities. They follow detailed manufacturer guidelines, and many use outside specialty companies to periodically re-inspect attractions.

A) Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line

Lifeguard Training

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B) If there is an extra word in a line, write it next to the number, if it’s correct, put a tick (٧).

C) Read the recommendations of water safety. Add any tips if you can.

The CDC recommends all swimmers be vigilant in following three basic guidelines to prevent disease transmission:

1.Do not swim if you have diarrhea. This is especially important for children in diapers.

2.Do NOT swallow the pool water. Try to avoid getting water in your mouth if possible.

3.Practice good hygiene and shower before swimming. Also, wash your hands thoroughly after using the toilet or changing diapers.

In addition to these steps, the CDC has issued these additional recommendations for parents with young children:

1.Take your children to the bathroom often throughout the day.

2.Change diapers in a bathroom and away from the pool. Germs can be spread from objects around the pool.

3.Wash your child thoroughly with soap and water before going swimming. In the realm of information sharing, there are protocols involving water

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parks, manufacturers, and government agencies that result in the reporting of possible or actual problems regarding guest safety. Regularly scheduled safety seminars held by manufacturers and industry associations such as IAAPA also allow for the broad dissemination of relevant expertise and data through discussion of the latest advances, standards, and techniques.

Water park safety tips

•Dress appropriately, including water shoes, a hat and loose shirt for when you’ve had enough sun. Monitor how much sun children, especially toddlers, are exposed to.

•Apply waterproof sunscreen before leaving home (reapply throughout the day) and drink plenty of fluids (avoiding those heavily sweetened or with caffeine).

•Make sure non-swimmers and weak swimmers have a life vest. Bring your own if you are unsure of availability and fit.

•Children in diapers should be dressed in waterproof swim diapers to minimize leakage. Change diapers only in designated changing areas.

•Read the sign at every waterpark ride and obey its rules and experiencelevel guidelines.

•Follow the lifeguards’ instructions and signal them if you see someone in trouble.

•Like visits to amusement parks and attractions designating a meeting place is always smart in the instance some one is separated from your party. The buddy system is an excellent way to ensure no children are left alone.

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends all swimmers be vigilant in following three basic guidelines to prevent disease transmission:

Amusement ride safety tips

•Obey listed age, height, weight, and health restrictions.

•Observe all posted ride safety rules.

•Keep hands, arms, legs and feet inside the ride at all times.

•Remain seated in the ride until it comes to a complete stop and you are instructed to exit.

•Follow all verbal instructions given by ride operators or provided by recorded announcements.

•Always use safety equipment provided and never attempt to wriggle free of or loosen restraints or other safety devices.

•Parents with young children should make sure that their children can understand safe and appropriate ride behavior.

•Never force anyone, especially children, to ride attractions they don’t want to ride.

If you see any unsafe behavior or condition on a ride, report it to a supervisor or manager immediately.

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2. Fill in the gaps with the following words:

Floods earthquake famine drought disease emergency refugees aid charity injuries

1.The crops have failed again and _______ is widespread.

2.The latest San Francisco ________ measured 4.5 on the Richter scale.

3.In case of ________break the glass and push the button.

4.Half a million ______have now crossed the border in an attempt to find food.

5.I never give to _______. I think it should be the government’s responsibility.

6.The present government has given more in _______ to needy countries than any other in living memory.

7.Many children have suffered terrible _____ as a result of the fighting.

8.A new ____ has been discovered which causes partial blindness and skin problems.

9.There has been a ____ in certain parts of the country due to the lack of rain.

10.There has been so much rain that some rivers have burst their banks and there have been ____.

3. Find the correct alternative

The deadly tsunami

On 26th December 2006, as millions of people went about their 0) daily business, nobody would have suspected that a natural 1)________was about to take place.

At approximately 8:00 am local time, an undersea 2) ________ occurred off the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The powerful tremor resulted in a devastating 3)_________ which battered the coastline of numerous countries, including India, Sri Lanka and Thailand.

The overwhelming force of these destructive 4) _________was enough to break trees in half and cause houses to collapse completely. Within seconds, picturesque villages were turned into piles of rubble. Nobody was spared in this catastrophic act of nature, from villagers going about their business to tourists who

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had been enjoying the scenery.

Only in the aftermath of the disaster did the world realize how forceful the tsunami had been. Despite the speedy provision of 5) ________aid, nearly 250,000 people died and 1.69 million were left homeless.

4.Make up sentences with the following words:

1)Finding, priority., Shelter, your, is, top

2)In some, of the world, the ground, parts, from time, shakes, to time.

3)safety, rules, Fire, are, general, very

4)The desert is an amazingly beautiful and spiritual place

5)experience, can, extremes, in the desert, You, , of climate,

6)drivers, Teenage, crash risk, have the highest, per mile traveled

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III. Emergency Measures

Emergency – критическая ситуация; экстренная помощь

Emergency measures – экстренные меры

First aid – первая помощь Treatment – лечение, уход

Victim – жертва Injury – травма

To recover – выздоравливать

To avert death – предотвратить смертельный исход

Cessation of breathing – остановка дыхания

Bleeding – кровотечение

Poisoning – отравление

Heart attack – сердечный приступ

Wound – рана

To apply splints – накладывать шины (мед.)

Fracture – перелом Dislocation – вывих

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation – восстановление работы сердца и дыхания

Artificial respiration – искусственное дыхание

To faint – упасть в обморок, потерять сознание Sting – укус (насекомого)

Heat exhaustion – тепловой удар

1.Complete the sentences. Use the previous list of words.

a)Doctors are trying out a new __________ for depression.

b)__________ is the usual medical word that is used when someone breaks a bone in their body.

c)To __________ means to become unconscious and fall down.

d)Saleem, aged 16, was the __________ of a vicious racial attack yesterday evening.

e)The __________ was deep and needed 18 stitches.

f)She had chickenpox, and it took her ten days to __________.

2.Make a list of cases when it is necessary to render first aid.

3.Read the article and check your answer to Exercise 2.

First aid

First aid, immediate and temporary treatment of a victim of sudden illness or injury while awaiting the arrival of medical aid. Proper early measures may be instrumental in saving life and ensuring a better and more rapid recovery. The avoidance of unnecessary movement and over-excitation of the victim often prevents further injury. Conditions that require immediate attention to avert death in-

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clude cessation of breathing (asphyxia), severe bleeding, poisoning, strokes, and heart attack. The essentials of first aid treatment also include the correct bandaging of a wound; the application of splints for fractures and dislocations; the effective methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and artificial respiration; and treatment of shock, frostbite, fainting, bites and stings, burns, and heat exhaustion.

4.Look through the text again and write out all verbal nouns used there.

5.Choose the things kept in the first aid kit.

7. Fill in the gaps using the words from the table.

Asphyxia and Obstruction of Air Passages

Symptoms: Blue discoloration of face, tongue, and lips; gasping; inability to speak; ______ (1). Treatment: First try the Heimlich maneuver, grasping the victim from behind with hands linked in front and compressing the abdomen just below the ______ (2). Encourage victim to cough up foreign objects in ______

(3); as a last resort, rap victim between shoulder blades to dislodge the object. For asphyxia caused by gas or fumes, remove victim to ______ (4); use artificial respiration.

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8.Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.

Bites and Stings

9. Match to make sentences. There is one extra letter you will not use.

10. Choose the correct word.

Drowning and Near-Drowning

Treatment: Immediate artificial / unnatural respiration, and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation). There is controversy over whether or not the Heimlich maneuver should to be / be used in conjunction with CPR in order to dislodge water in the lungs and stomach.

Fainting

Symptoms: Unconsciousness / unconscious, paleness, rapid pulse, coldness of the skin, sweating. Treatment: Leave victim lying / to lie down, loosen cloth-

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ing, roll victim to the side and wipe out mouth in the event of / in order to vomiting.

Fractures and Joint Injuries

Symptoms: Pain or tender / tenderness, deformity of bones, swelling, discoloration. Treatment: Prevent movement of injured / injuring parts until splint is applied; treat for shock; if ambulance service is not available, splint entire limb before move / moving. For sprains, elevate affected / affecting part and apply cold compresses. Elastic bandages may to be / be used for immobilization.

11. Write one word in each gap.

Frostbite

Symptoms: Numbness, pale, glossy skin, possible blistering. Treatment: Warm by placing victim indoors, remove covering, bathe frozen part in warm

______; do not massage. For cold exposure, give ______ respiration. Placing blankets over a person who has a reduced body core temperature will do no good; heat must ______ applied to the victim to bring the temperature up to normal. If conscious, give warm liquids by mouth.

Heat Exhaustion

______: Pale, clammy skin, profuse perspiration, weakness, headache, possibly cramps. Treatment: Rest, cool atmosphere, cool water ______ mouth if conscious. In case ______ heat cramp, exert firm pressure on cramped muscle (usually abdomen or legs) to help relieve spasms.

Heatstroke

Symptoms: High ______ (as high ______108–112°F/42–44°C), hot dry skin, rapid pulse, possibly unconsciousness. ______: Immediately undress victim and sponge with or immerse in cool water or wrap in water-soaked sheets. Use fan or air conditioner.

Wound

Treatment: Stop bleeding, cleanse wound with soap and water and cover

______ sterile or clean ______.

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12. If there is an extra word in a line, write it next to the number.

13. Complete using the correct form of the verbs in the box. Use each verb only once.

Severe Bleeding

Symptoms: External wound. Treatment: ______ pressure over wound with wad of sterile gauze or other clean material. If bleeding ______ and no fracture is present, elevate wound. If bleeding still continues, apply pressure to blood vessels leading to area—in arm, press just below armpit; in leg, ______ against groin where thigh and trunk join. Use a tourniquet (tight band that ______ off circulation) only when it has been ______ that the sacrifice of a limb is necessary to

______ life.

14. Each of the words or phrases in bold is incorrect. Rewrite them correctly.

Shock

Symptoms: Pale (or bluish) skin (in victim with dark skin examine inside of mouth and nailbeds for bluish coloration), cool skin, weakness, weak pulse; unresponsiveness and dilated pupils in later stages. Treatment: Keep victim lying down and covered enough to preventing loss for body heat. The body position should be adjust according to the victim's injuries. Victims in shock may improve if the feet are raising 8 to 12 in. (20–30 cm). For electric shock, cut off current or separate victim from contact with electricity by use dry wood, rope, cloth, or rubber; administer CPR.

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