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6.Meschonnic H. Ethics and Politics of Translating. Amsterdam: John Benjamins BV, 2011. 180 p.

7.Munday J. Introducing Translation Studies. London: Routledge, 2001. 222 p.

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9.The Translation Studies Reader / L. Venuti (ed.), Mona Baker (advisory editor). London and New York : Routledge, 2000. 524 p.

316.334.56

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I.B. Tsirkunov

Murmansk book publishing house

Murmansk, Russia

CITY “CURVES” AND “VERTICALS”: SENSE AND VALUE

Abstract. First, in article are considered envayronmentalny and composite components which are the most important determinants of the city. Secondly, the main city components carry obvious social lines that allows to consider them from a position of a sociological locus.

Key words. City “curves” and “verticals”, sociological locus of a metamorphosis.

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N. S. Kovalenko

Saint-Petersburg University of management and economics

Murmansk, Russia

CULTURE AS A FRAME OF REFERENCE

Abstract. The article considers various scientific approaches to the definition of «culture». Culture and values are inextricably linked with each other. Special attention is paid to cultural reference points as a basis of development of society.

Key words. Culture, cultural landmark, system, spirituality, religiosity.