further reading

The following list of books is necessarily and highly selective, even though I have omitted works on individual authors. I have tried to choose a range of introductory and more advanced works that bear witness to the range and variety of American literatures and that might be useful to both those new to the subject and those pursuing more specialized studies. I have arranged most of the titles according to the chapters of this history. Inevitably, there are many books listed here that cut across one or more, or perhaps even all, of the chronological boundaries mapped out by the chapters. In such cases, I have simply placed books under the chapter heading, and in the period, where I myself have found them most useful as sources of information and guidance. Readers are advised, if they are interested in a particular subject or theme – and perhaps even if they are not – to browse through the list as a whole for advice about further reading.

Bibliographies and Reference Works

Andrews, William L., Foster, Frances Smith and Harris, Trudier (eds.), The Concise Oxford Companion to African American Literature (2001).

Bordman, Gerald (ed.), The Oxford Companion to the American Theatre (1984; 2nd ed., 1992).

Bradbury, Malcolm, Franco, Jean and Mottram, Eric (eds.), The Penguin Companion to Literature: The United States and Latin America (1971).

Cheung, King-kok (ed.), An Interethnic Companion to Asian American Literature (1996). Cheung, King-kok and Yogi, Stan (eds.), Asian American Literature: An Annotated Biblio-

graphy (1988).

Davidson, Cathy and Wagner-Martin, Linda (eds.), The Oxford Companion to Women’s Writing in the United States (1999).

Elliott, Emory Elliott (ed.), The Columbia Literary History of the United States (1988). Gohdes, Clarence and Marovitz, Stanford (eds.), Bibliographical Guide to the Study of the

Literature of the U.S.A. (1954; 5th revised ed., 1984).

Hart, James and Heininger, Philip W. (eds.), The Oxford Companion to American Literature (1941; 6th revised ed., 1995).

Herbert, Rosemary (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Crime and Mystery Writing (1999). Kirkpatrick, D. L. (ed.), Reference Guide to American Literature (1987).

Leary, Lewis, American Literature: A Study and Research Guide (1954–71).

Lomeli, Francis A. and Shirley, Carl R. (eds.), Chicano Writers: First, Second, and Third Series (1989, 1992, 1999).

Martinez, Julio A. and Lomeli, Francisco A. (eds.), Chicano Literature (1985).

Perkins, George, Perkins, Barbara and Leininger, Philip, HarperCollins Reader’s Encyclopaedia of American Literature (2002).

Salzman, Jack (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of American Literature (1986).

Schweik, Robert C. and Riesner, Dieter (eds.), Reference Sources in English and American Literature: An Annotated Bibliography (1977).

Tuck, Donald Henry (ed.), Encyclopedia of Science Fiction Through 1968 (1978).

Tuska, Jon and Piekawski, Vicki (eds.), Encyclopedia of Frontier and Western Fiction (1983). Tuska, Jon and Piekawski, Vicki (eds.), The Frontier Experience: A Reader’s Guide to the Life

and Literature of the American West (1984).

Wiget, Andrew (ed.), Dictionary of Native American Literature (1994).

Witalec, Janet, Chapman, Jeffery and Giroux, Christopher (eds.), Native North American Literature: Biographical and Critical Information on Native Writers and Orators from the United States and Canada from Histori (1994).

Woodress, James and Robbins, J. Albert (eds.), American Literary Scholarship: An Annual (1965– ).

Anthologies

Baym, Nina et al. (eds.), The Norton Anthology of American Literature (1998). Eduardo, R. del Rio (ed.), The Prentice Hall Anthology of Latino Literature (2001). Fowke, Edith and Glazer, Joe (eds.), Songs of Work and Protest (1973).

Gates, Henry Louis and McKay, Nellie (eds.), The Norton Anthology of African American Literature (1997).

Gilbert, Sandra M. (ed.), The Norton Anthology of Literature by Women: The Traditions in English (1996).

Horwitz, Richard P., The American Studies Anthology (2001).

Lauter, Paul et al. (eds.), The Heath Anthology of American Literature (1990; 3rd revised ed., 1998).

Lauter, Paul and Fitzgerald, Ann (eds.), Literature, Class, and Culture: An Anthology (2001). Lim, Shirley (ed.), Asian American Literature: An Anthology (2000).

McQuade, Donald et al. (eds.), The Harper American Literature (1993). McQuade, Donald and Atwan, Robert (eds.), Popular Writing in America (1993). Parini, Jay (ed.), The Columbia Anthology of American Poetry (1995).

Purdy, John and Ruppert, James (eds.), Nothing But the Truth: An Anthology of Native American Literature (2000).

Rebolledo, Tey Diana et al. (eds.), Infinite Divisions: An Anthology of Chicano Literature

(1993).

Rothenberg, Jerome and Quasha, George, America A Prophecy (1974).

Shell, Marc and Sollors, Werner (eds.), The Multilingual Anthology of American Literature

(2000).

Wolf, Robert (ed.), An American Mosaic: Prose and Poetry by Everyday Folk (1999). Zandy, Janet (ed.), Calling Home: Working-class Women’s Writings: An Anthology (1990).

Chapter 1 The First Americans: American Literature Before and

During the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods

Aldridge, A. Owen, Early American Literature: A Comparatist Approach (1982).

Amory, Hugh (ed.), A History of the Book in America: The Colonial Book in the Atlantic World (1999).

Andrews, William L. et al. (eds.), Journeys in New Worlds: Early American Women’s Narratives

(1991).

Arias, Santa (ed.), Mapping Colonial Spanish Americas: Places and Commonplaces of Identity, Culture, and Experience (2002).

Axtell, James, After Columbus: Essays in the Ethnohistory of North America (1989).

Bach, Rebecca Ann, Colonial Transformations: The Cultural Production of the New Atlantic World, 1588–1640 (2000).

Bailyn, Bernard, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (1992).

Bercovitch, Sacvan (ed.), The American Puritan Imagination: Essays in Revaluation

(1974).

Bercovitch, Sacvan, The Puritan Origins of the American Self (1975). Bercovitch, Sacvan, The American Jeremiad (1978).

Bercovitch, Sacvan (ed.), The Cambridge History of American Literature. Volume One: 1590– 1820 (1994).

Bonomi, Patricia, Under the Cope of Heaven: Religion, Society, and Politics in Colonial America

(1986).

Boorstin, Daniel, The Americans: The Colonial Experience (1958).

Brown, Richard D., Knowledge is Power: The Diffusion of Information in Early America 1700–1865 (1989).

Bruce, Dickson D., The Origins of African American Literature 1680–1865 (2001). Brumm, Ursula, American Thought and Religious Typology (1970).

Burkhart, Louise M., Before Guadalupe: The Virgin Mary in Early Colonial Nahuatl Literature

(2001).

Burnham, Michelle, Captivity and Sentiment: Cultural Exchanges in American Literature, 1682–1861 (1997).

Burnstein, Andrew, Sentimental Democracy (1999).

Caldwell, Patricia, The Puritan Conversion Narrative: The Beginnings of American Expression

(1983).

Carnup, John, Out of the Wilderness: The Emergence of an American Identity in Colonial New England (1990).

Carroll, Peter N., Puritanism and the Wilderness: The Intellectual Significance of the New England Frontier 1629–1700 (1969).

Castiglia, Christopher, Bound and Determined: Captivity, Culture-crossing, and White Womanhood from Mary Rowlandson to Patty Hearst (1996).

Conforti, Joseph A., Imagining New England: Explorations of Regional Identity from the Pilgrims to the Mid-Twentieth Century (2001).

Copeland, David A., Colonial American Newspapers: Character and Content (1997).

Cressy, David, Coming Over: Migration and Communication Between England and New England in the Seventeenth Century (1987).

Daly, Robert, God’s Altar: The World and the Flesh in Puritan Poetry (1978). Dameron, J. Lesley, No Fairer Land: Studies in Southern Literature Before 1900 (1986). Davidson, Cathy, Revolution and the Word: The Rise of the Novel in America (1986). Davis, Richard B., Intellectual Life in the Colonial South (3 vols; 1978).

Delbanco, Andrew, The Puritan Ordeal (1989).

Derounian-Stodola, Kathryn Zabelle (ed.), Early American Literature: Essays Honoring Harrison T. Meserole (1992).

Elliott, Emory (ed.), American Colonial Writers, 1735–1781 (1978).

Elliott, Emory, Revolutionary Writers: Literature and Authority in the New Republic, 1725– 1810 (1982).

Elliott, Emory, The Cambridge Introduction to Early American Literature (2002). Elliott, J. H., The Old World and the New: 1492–1650 (1970).

Emerson, Everett H. (ed.), Major Writers of Early American Literature (1972). Emerson, Everett H. (ed.), American Literature 1764–1789 (1977).

Faery, Rebecca Blevins, Cartographies of Desire: Captivity, Race, and Sex in the Shaping of an American Narrative (1999).

Ferguson, Robert A., The American Enlightenment (1997).

Fliegelman, Jay, Prodigals and Pilgrims: The American Revolution Against Patriarchal Authority, 1750–1800 (1982).

Foster, David Williams (ed.), Writers of the Spanish Colonial Period: A Collection of Essays

(1997).

Franklin, Wayne, Discoverers, Explorers, Settlers: The Diligent Writers of Early America (1979). Giles, Paul, Transatlantic Insurrections: British Culture and the Formation of American

Literature, 1730–1860 (2001).

Gilmore, Michael T. (ed.), Early American Literature: A Collection of Critical Essays (1981). Gilroy, Paul, The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness (1994).

Gray, Richard, Writing the South: Ideas of an American Region (1986).

Greene, Jack P., The Intellectual Construction of America: Exceptionalism and American Identity from 1492 to 1800 (1993).

Greene, Roland, Unrequited Conquests: Love and Empire in the Colonial Americas (2000). Gunn, Giles (ed.), Early American Writing (1993).

Hammond, Jeffrey A., The American Puritan Elegy: A Literary and Cultural Study (2000). Harris, Sharon M. (ed.), American Women Writers to 1800 (1996).

Hartman, John D., Providence Tales and the Birth of American Literature (1999). Herrera-Sobek, M., Reconstructing a Chicano/a Literary Heritage: Hispanic Colonial Literature

of the Southwest (1993).

Hulme, Peter, Colonial Encounters: Europe and the Native Caribbean, 1492–1797 (1986). Jara, Rene and Spadaccini, Nicholas, Re/Discovering Colonial Writing (1989).

Jennings, Francis, The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism and the Cant of Conquest

(1975).

Johnson, Julie Green, Women in Colonial Spanish American Literature: Literary Images (1983). Johnson, Julie Green, Satire in Colonial Spanish America: Turning the New World Upside

Down (1993).

Jones, Howard M., O Strange New World: American Culture: The Formative Years (1964). Jones, Howard M., The Literature of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century (1968).

Jordan, Winthrop, White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550 –1812

(1968).

Josephy, Alvin M., Jr (ed.), America in 1492: The World of the Indian Peoples Before the Arrival of Columbus (1992).

Kammen, Michael, A Season of Youth: The American Revolution and the Historical Imagination

(1978).

Kaufman, Michael W., Institutional Individualism: Conversion, Exile, and Nostalgia in Puritan New England (1998).

Kerber, Linda, Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America (1980). Kibbey, Ann, The Interpretation of Material Shapes in Puritanism: A Study of Rhetoric,

Prejudice and Violence (1986).

Kolodny, Annette, The Land Before Her: Fantasy and Experience of the American Frontier 1630–1860 (1984).

Kopper, Philip, The Smithsonian Book of North American Indians: Before the Coming of the Europeans (1986).

Kroeber, Karl,Traditional Literatures of the American Indian: Texts and Interpretations (1981). Landsman, Ned C., From Colonials to Provincials: American Thought and Culture, 1680–

1760 (1997).

Lawson-Peebles, R., Landscape and Expression in Revolutionary America: The World Turned Upside Down (1988).

Leverenz, David, The Language of Puritan Feeling: An Exploration in Literature, Psychology, and Social History (1980).

Lomeli, Francisco (ed.), Handbook of Hispanic Cultures in the United States: Literature and Art (1993).

Lowance, Mason I., The Language of Canaan: Metaphor and Symbol in New England from the Puritans to the Transcendentalists (1983).

McGiffert, Michael (ed.), Puritanism and the American Experience (1969).

Mackenthun, Gesa, Metaphors of Dispossession: American Beginnings and the Translation of Empire, 1492–1637 (1997).

May, Henry F., The Enlightenment in America (1976).

Miller, Perry, The New England Mind: The Seventeenth Century (1939). Miller, Perry, The New England Mind: From Colony to Province (1953). Morgan, Edmund, Visible Saints: The History of a Puritan Idea (1963). Morison, Samuel, Intellectual Life in Early New England (1956).

Mott, Frank Luther, A History of American Magazines (5 vols; 1938–68), Volume One: 1741–1850.

Mulford, Carla (ed.), American Women Prose Writers to 1820 (1998).

Munk, Linda, The Devil’s Mousetrap: Redemption and Colonial American Literature (1997). Murdock, Kenneth B., Literature and Theology in Colonial New England (1949).

Norton, Mary B., Liberty’s Daughters: The Revolutionary Experience of American Women, 1750–1800 (1980).

Nye, Russell B., The Cultural Life of the New Nation (1960).

Nye, Russell B., American Literary History, 1607–1830 (1970). Pagden, Anthony, European Encounters with the New World (1993).

Percy, Josephine Ketcham, Studies in Literary Types in Seventeenth-century America, 1607– 1710 (1991).

Pratt, Mary Louise, Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation (1992).

Promis, Jose et al., The Identity of Hispanoamerica: An Interpretation of Colonial Literature

(1991).

Regis, Pamela, Describing Early America: Bartram, Jefferson, Crevecoeur, and the Rhetoric of Natural History (1992).

Richards, Jeffrey H., Theatre Enough: American Culture and the Metaphor of the World Stage, 1607–1789 (1991).

Richardson, Gary A., American Drama from the Colonial Period through World War I: A Critical History (1997).

Sayre, Gordon M., Les Sauvages Americains: Representations of Native Americans in French and English Colonial Literature, 1730–1860 (2001).

Scanlan, Thomas, Colonial Writing and the New World 1583–1671: Allegories of Desire (1999). Scheik, William J., Design in Puritan American Literature (1992).

Scheik, William J., Authority and Female Authorship in Colonial America (1998).

Schmidt, Klaus H. (ed.), Early America Re-explained: New Readings in Colonial, Early National, and Antebellum Culture (1997).

Schweitzer, Ivy, The Work of Self-representation: Lyric Poetry in Colonial New England (1991). Seelye, John, Beautiful Machine: Rivers and the Republican Plan 1755–1825 (1991). Shields, David, Oracles of Empire: Poetry, Politics, and Commerce in British America, 1690–

1750 (1990).

Shields, David, Civil Tongues and Polite Letters in British America (1997).

Shields, John C., The American Aeneas: Classical Origins of the American Self (2001). Shuffleton, Frank (ed.), A Mixed Race: Ethnicity in Early America (1993).

Shaw, Peter, American Patriots and the Rituals of Revolution (1981). Shea, Daniel B., Spiritual Autobiography in Early America (1968).

Silverman, Kenneth A., A Cultural History of the American Revolution 1763–1789 (1976). Spengemann, William A., A New World of Words: Redefining Early American Literature

(1994).

Spurr, David, The Rhetoric of Empire: Colonial Discourse in Journalism, Travel Writing, and Imperial Administration (1993).

Swann, Brian (ed.), Smoothing the Ground: Essays on Native American Oral Literature (1983). Tilton, Robert S., Pocahontas: The Evolution of an American Narrative (1994).

Tichi, Cecelia, New Earth: Environmental Reform in American Literature from the Puritans through Whitman (1979).

Warner, Michael, Letters of the Republic: Publication and the Public Sphere in Eighteenthcentury America (1990).

Watts, Emily Stipes, The Poetry of American Women from 1632 to 1945 (1977). Wright, Louis B., The Cultural Life of the American Colonies, 1607–1763 (1957). Yazawa, Melvin, From Colonies to Commonwealth (1985).

Ziff, Larzer, Puritanism in America: New Culture in a New World (1975).

Chapter 2 Inventing Americas: The Making of

American Literature, 1800–1865

Aaron, Daniel, The Unwritten War: American Writers and the Civil War (1973). Anderson, Quentin, The Imperial Self: An Essay in American Literary and Cultural History

(1971).

Andrews, William L., To Tell a Free Story: The First Century of Afro-American Autobiography 1760–1865 (1988).

Arms, George, The Fields Were Green (1953).

Barnes, Elizabeth, States of Sympathy: Seduction and Democracy in the American Novel (1997). Bauer, Dale M. and Gould, Philip (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Nineteenth-century

American Women’s Writing (2002).

Baym, Nina, Women’s Fiction: A Guide to Novels by and about Women, 1820–1870 (1978). Baym, Nina, Novels, Readers, and Reviewers in Antebellum America (1984).

Baym, Nina, Feminism and American Literary History (1992).

Baym, Nina, American Women Writers and the Work of History, 1790–1860 (1995). Beetham, Margaret, A Magazine of Her Own? Domesticity and Desire in the Woman’s Maga-

zine, 1800–1914 (1996).

Bell, Michael, The Development of American Romance: The Sacrifice of Relation (1980). Bercovitch, Sacvan and Jehlen, Myra (eds.), Ideology and Classic American Literature (1983). Bewley, Marius, The Complex Fate: Hawthorne, Henry James, and Some Other American

Writers (1952).

Bewley, Marius, The Eccentric Design: Form in the Classic American Novel (1959). Blair, Walter, Native American Humor, 1800–1900 (1937).

Blair, Walter, Tall Tale America (1944).

Blair, Walter, Horse Sense in American Humor from Benjamin Franklin to Ogden Nash (1962). Blair, Walter and Hill, Hamlin, America’s Humor, From Poor Richard to Doonesbury (1978). Boller, Paul F., Jr, American Transcendentalism, 1830–1860: An Intellectual Inquiry (1975). Brodhead, Richard, Hawthorne, Melville, and the Novel (1976).

Brodhead, Richard, Cultures of Letters: Scenes of Reading and Writing in Nineteenth-century America (1997).

Brown, Gillian, Domestic Individualism: Imagining Self in Nineteenth-century America (1990). Brown, Herbert R., The Sentimental Novel in America, 1789–1860 (1942).

Buell, Lawrence, New England Literary Culture: From Revolution Through Renaissance (1986). Buell, Lawrence, The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing and the Formation

of American Culture (1995).

Buell, Lawrence, Writing for an Endangered World: Literature, Culture, and Environment in the U.S. and Beyond (2001).

Bush, Clive, The Dream of Reason: American Consciousness and Cultural Achievement from Independence to the Civil War (1978).

Cady, E. H. (ed.), Literature of the Early Republic (1950).

Carby, Hazel, Reconstructing Womanhood: The Emergence of the African American Woman Novelist (1995).

Castranovo, Russ, Fathering the Nation: American Genealogies of Slavery and Freedom (1995). Chapman, Mary and Hendler, Glenn, Sentimental Men: Masculinity and the Politics of Affect

in American Culture (1999).

Chase, Richard, The American Novel and its Tradition (1957).

Cherniavsky, Eva, That Pale Mother Rising: Sentimental Discourses and the Imitation of Motherhood in 19th Century America (1995).

Cogan, Francis, All-American Girl: The Ideal of Real Womanhood in Mid-Nineteenth-century America (1989).

Connor, Kimberley Rae, Conversions and Visions in the Writings of African-American Women

(1994).

Conrad, Susan P., Perish the Thought: Intellectual Women in Romantic America, 1830–1860

(1976).

Cott, Nancy, The Bonds of Womanhood: ‘Woman’s Sphere’ in New England, 1780–1835 (1977). Crain, Patricia, The Story of A: The Alphabetization of America from the New England Primer

to The Scarlet Letter (2000).

Cullen, Jim, The Civil War in Popular Culture: A Reusable Past (1995).

Daerborn, Mary V., Pocahontas’s Daughters: Gender and Ethnicity in Early American Culture

(1986).

Davidson, Cathy (ed.), Reading in America: Literature and Social History (1989). Dekker, George, The American Historical Romance (1987).

Elder, John (ed.), American Nature Writers (1996).

Ellis, Joseph J., After the Revolution: Profiles of Early American Culture (1979).

Ernest, John (ed.), Resistance and Reformation in Nineteenth-century African-American Literature (1995).

Erkkila, Betsy, The Wicked Sisters: Women Poets, Literary History, and Discord (1992). Fabian, Ann, The Unvarnished Truth: Personal Narratives in Nineteenth-century America

(2000).

Fahs, Alice, The Imagined Civil War: Popular Literature of the North and South, 1861–1865

(2001).

Faust, Drew Gilpin, A Sacred Circle: The Dilemma of the Intellectual in the Old South (1977). Feidelson, Charles S., Jr, Symbolism and American Literature (1953).

Fender, Stephen, Plotting the Golden West: American Literature and the American West (1982). Fiedler, Leslie, Love and Death in the American Novel (1966).

Fisher, Philip, Hard Facts: Setting and Form in the American Novel (1985).

Fisher, Philip (ed.), The New American Studies: Essays from Representations (1991). Foster, Francis Smith, Written by Herself: Literary Production by African American Women,

1746–1892 (1993).

Foster, Francis Smith, Witnessing Slavery: The Development of Ante-Bellum Slave Narratives

(1994).

Foster, Richard (ed.), Six American Novelists of the Nineteenth Century: An Introduction

(1968).

Frederick, John T., The Darkened Sky: Nineteenth-century American Novelists and Religion

(1989).

Fussell, Edwin, Frontier: American Literature and the American West (1965). Gelpi, Albert, The Tenth Muse: The Psyche of the American Poet (1975).

Gilmore, Michael T., The Middle Way: Puritanism and Ideology in American Romantic Fiction (1977).

Gilmore, Michael T., American Romanticism and the Marketplace (1985). Golden Taylor, J. et al. (eds.), A Literary History of the American West (1987).

Gould, Philip, Covenant and Republic: Historical Romance and the Politics of Puritanism

(1996).

Grammer, John, Pastoral and Politics in the Old South (1996).

Gray, Janet, She Wields a Pen: American Women Poets of the Nineteenth Century (1997). Griffin, Susan M., ‘Who Set You Flowin?’: The African American Migration Narrative (1995). Grossman, J. (ed.), The Frontier in American Culture (1994).

Gura, Philip, The Wisdom of Words: Language, Theology, and Literature in the New England Renaissance (1981).

Harris, Sharon M. (ed.), Redefining the Political Novel: American Women Writers, 1797– 1901 (1995).

Harris, Susan K., Nineteenth-century American Women’s Novels: Interpretive Strategies (1990). Hobbs, Catherine (ed.), Nineteenth-century Women Learn to Write (1995).

Hoffman, Daniel, Form and Fable in American Fiction (1961). Holman, C. Hugh, The Roots of Southern Writing (1972).

Horwitz, Howard, By the Law of Nature: Form and Value in Nineteenth-century America

(1991).

Hubbell, Jay B., The South in American Literature, 1607–1900 (1954).

Irwin, John T., American Hieroglyphics: The Symbol of the Egyptian Hieroglyphics in the American Renaissance (1983).

Kaul, A. N., The American Vision: Actual and Ideal Society in Nineteenth-century Fiction

(1963).

Kerber, Linda, Federalists in Dissent: Imagery and Ideology in Jeffersonian America (1970). Kolodny, Annette, The Lay of the Land: Metaphor as Experience and History in American Life

and Literature (1975).

Leary, Lewis, Soundings: Some Early American Writers (1975).

Lee, L. L. and Lewis, Merrill (eds.), The Westering Experience in American Literature (1977). Lee, L. L. and Lewis, Merrill (eds.), Women, Women Writers, and the West (1980).

Lee, R. E., From West to East: Studies in the Literature of the American West (1966). Levander, Caroline Field, Voices of the Nation: Women and Public Speech in Nineteenth-

century American Literature and Culture (1998).

Levin, David, History as Romantic Art: Bancroft, Prescott, Motley, Parkman (1959). Levin, Harry, The Power of Blackness: Hawthorne, Poe, Melville (1958).

Lewis, R. W. B., The American Adam: Innocence, Tragedy, and Tradition in the Nineteenth Century (1955).

Lively, Robert C., Fiction Fights the Civil War (1957). Lynn, Kenneth, The Comic Tradition in America (1958).

Lyon, Thomas J. et al. (eds.), A Literary History of the American West (1974). McKinsey, Elizabeth R., Niagara Falls: Icon of the American Sublime (1985). McWilliams, John P., Jr, Hawthorne, Melville, and the American Character (1984). McWilliams, John P., Jr, The American Epic: Transforming the Genre, 1770–1860 (1990).

Matthiessen, F. O., American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman (1941).

Miller, David, Dark Eden: The Swamp in Nineteenth-century American Culture (1989). Miller, Perry, The Raven and the Whale: The War of Wits and Words in the Era of Poe and

Melville (1956).

Miller, Perry, Nature’s Nation (1967).

Morrison, Toni, Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination (1992). Mott, Frank Luther, A History of American Magazines (5 vols; 1938–68), Volume Two:

1850–65.

Papashvily, Helen White, All the Happy Endings: A Study of the Domestic Novel in America, the Women Who Wrote It, the Women Who Read It, in the Nineteenth Century (1956).

Pearce, Roy Harvey, The Continuity of American Poetry (1961).

Pease, Donald E., Visionary Compacts: American Renaissance Writings in Cultural Contexts

(1987).

Pease, Donald E. (ed.), National Identities and Post-Americanist Narratives (1994).

Pease, Donald E. (ed.), Revisionary Interventions into the Americanist Canon (1994). Peterson, Carla, Doers of the Word: African-American Speakers and Writers in the North,

1830–1880 (1998).

Poirier, Richard, A World Elsewhere: The Place of Style in American Literature (1966). Porte, Joel, The Romance in America: Studies in Cooper, Poe, Hawthorne, Melville, and James

(1969).

Porte, Joel, In Respect to Egotism: Studies in American Romantic Writing (1991).

Pryse, Marjorie, The Mark of Knowledge: Social Stigma in Classical American Fiction (1979). Radaway, Janice, Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature (1991). Reynolds, David, Beneath the American Renaissance: The Subversive Imagination in the Age

of Emerson and Melville (1988).

Reynolds, David, Walt Whitman’s America: A Cultural Biography (1995). Ridgely, J. V., Nineteenth-century Southern Literature (1980).

Romero, Lora, Home Fronts: Domesticity and its Critics in the Antebellum United States

(1997).

Rose, Anne C., Transcendentalism as a Social Movement (1982). Rose, Anne C., Victorian America and the Civil War (1992).

Rourke, Constance, American Humor: A Study of the National Character (1931).

Rowe, John Carlos, At Emerson’s Tomb: The Politics of Classic American Literature (1997). Ryan, Mary P., The Empire of the Mother: American Writing About Domesticity, 1830–1860

(1982).

Samuels, Shirley (ed.), The Culture of Sentiment: Race, Gender and Sentimentality in Nineteenth-century America (1992).

Samuels, Shirley, Romances of the Republic: Women, the Family, and Violence in the Literature of the Early American Nation (1996).

Sanchez-Eppler, Karen, Touching Liberty: Abolition, Feminism, and the Politics of the Body

(1993).

Seelye, John, Prophetic Waters: The River in Early American Life and Literature (1977). Shell, Marc (ed.), American Babel: Literatures of the United States from Abnaki to Zuni

(2002).

Sherman John R., Invisible Poets: Afro-Americans in the Nineteenth Century (1989). Slotkin, Richard, Regeneration Through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier,

1600–1860 (1973).

Smith, Henry Nash, Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth (1950).

Smith, Henry Nash, Democracy and the Novel: Popular Resistance to Classic American Writers

(1978).

Smith, Stephanie A., Conceived by Liberty: Maternal Figures and Nineteenth-century American Literature (1995).

Sollors, Werner, Neither Black Nor White Yet Both: Thematic Explorations of Interracial Literature (1997).

Spiller, Robert (ed.), The American Literary Revolution, 1787–1837 (1967).

Stern, Julia, The Plight of Feeling: Sympathy and Dissent in the Early American Novel (1997). Stovall, Floyd, The Development of American Literary Criticism (1955).

Sundquist, Eric, Home as Found: Authority and Genealogy in Nineteenth-century American Literature (1979).

Sundquist, Eric, To Wake the Nations: Race in the Making of American Literature (1993). Tanner, Tony, The Reign of Wonder: Naivety and Reality in American Literature (1965).

Taylor, Walter, Cavalier and Yankee: The Old South and American National Character (1961). Tompkins, Jane, Sensational Designs: The Cultural Work of American Fiction, 1790–1860

(1985).

Walker, Cheryl, The Nightingale’s Burden: Women Poets in American Culture Before 1900

(1982).

Walker, Cheryl, Indian Nation: Native American Literature and Nineteenth-century Nationalism (1997).

Ward, Geoff, The Writing of America: Literature and Cultural Identity from the Puritans to the Present (2002).

Weinstein, Cindy, The Literature of Labor and the Labors of Literature: Allegory in Nineteenthcentury American Fiction (1995).

Weisbuch, Robert, Atlantic Double-Cross: American Literature and British Influence in the Age of Emerson (1986).

Wilson, Edmund, Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War (1962). Yellin, Jean Fagan, The Intricate Knot: Black Figures in American Literature, 1776–1863

(1992).

Young, Elizabeth, Disarming the Nation: Women’s Writing and the Civil War (1999). Zaggari, Rosemarie, The Politics of Size: Representation in the United States 1776–1850 (1988). Ziff, Larzer, Literary Democracy: The Declaration of Cultural Independence in America (1981). Ziff, Larzer, Writing in the New Nation: Prose, Print, and Politics in the Early United States

(1991).

Chapter 3 Reconstructing the Past, Reimagining the Future:

The Development of American Literature, 1865–1900

Ahnebrink, Lahrs, The Beginnings of Naturalism in American Fiction (1950).

Ammons, Elizabeth, Conflicting Stories: American Women Writing at the Turn of the Twentieth Century (1991).

Auchinloss, Louis, Pioneers and Caretakers: A Study of Nine American Women Novelists

(1965).

Baker, Houston A., Blues, Ideology, and Afro-American Literature: A Vernacular Theory

(1984).

Barrish, Philip, American Literary Realism, Critical Theory, and Intellectual Prestige 1880– 1995 (2001).

Bederman, Gail, Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880–1917 (1995).

Bell, Bernard W., The Afro-American Novel and its Tradition (1987).

Bell, Michael Davitt, The Problem of American Realism: Studies in the Cultural History of a Literary Idea (1993).

Berthoff, Warner, The Ferment of Realism: American Literature, 1884–1919 (1965). Bone, Robert, Down Home: Origins of the Afro-American Short Story (1975).

Bordman, Gerald, American Theatre: A Chronicle of Comedy and Drama, 1869–1914 (1994). Borus, Daniel, Writing Realism: Howells, James, and Norris in the Mass Market (1989). Braxton, Joanne M., Black Women Writing Autobiography (1989).

Bridgman, Richard, The Colloquial Style in America (1966).

Brooks, Van Wyck, The Confident Years, 1885–1915 (1952).

Cady, Edwin H., The Light of Common Day (1971).

Campbell, Donna, Resisting Regionalism: Gender and Naturalism in American Fiction, 1885– 1915 (1997).

Carnes, Mark C. and Griffin, Clyde, Meanings for Manhood: Constructions of Masculinity in Victorian America (1990).

Cockrel, Dale, Demons of Disorder: Early Blackface Minstrels and their World (1997). Condor, John, Naturalism in American Fiction: The Classic Phase (1984).

Conn, Peter, The Divided Mind: Ideology and Imagination in America, 1898–1917 (1983). Coultrap-McQuinn, Susan, Doing Literary Business: American Women Writers in the Nine-

teenth Century (1990).

Crumden, Robert M., American Salons: Encounters with European Modernism, 1885–1917

(1993).

Derrick, Scott S., Monumental Anxieties: Homoerotic Desire and Feminine Influence in 19th Century U.S. Literature (1997).

Dictionary of Literary Biography: Afro-American Writers Before the Harlem Renaissance (1986). Donovan, Josephine, New England Local Color Literature: A Women’s Tradition (1983). Dorson, Richard M., American Negro Folktales (1967).

Douglas, Ann, The Feminization of American Culture (1974).

Ducille, Ann, The Coupling Convention: Sex, Text, and Tradition in Black Women’s Fiction

(1993).

Duffey, Bernard, The Chicago Renaissance in American Letters (1954).

Dundes, Alan (ed.), Mother Wit from the Laughing Barrel: Readings in the Interpretation of Afro-American Folklore (1973).

Falk, Robert, The Victorian Mode in American Fiction, 1865–1885 (1965). Fanning, Charles (ed.), The Irish Voice in America (1987).

Fine, David M., The City, the Immigrant and American Fiction, 1880–1920 (1977). Folson, J. K., The American Western Novel (1966).

Foner, Philip (ed.), Inside the Monster: Writings on the United States and American Imperialism

(1975).

Foster, Dennis, Sublime Enjoyment: On the Perverse Motive in American Literature (1997). Franklin, H. B., Future Perfect: American Science Fiction of the Nineteenth Century (1966). Geismar, Maxwell, Rebels and Ancestors, 1890–1915 (1953).

Gelfant, Blanche, The American City Novel (1954).

Glazener, Nancy, Reading for Realism: The History of a U.S. Literary Institution, 1850–1910

(1997).

Guttman, Allen, The Jewish Writer in America: Assimilation and the Crisis of Identity (1971). Habegger, Alfred, Gender, Fantasy, and Realism in American Literature (1982).

Harap, Louis, The Image of the Jew in American Literature: From Early Republic to Mass Immigration (1974).

Harley, Sharon and Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn (eds.), The Afro-American Woman: Struggles and Images (1978).

Harris, Trudier, Exorcising Blackness: Historical and Literary Lynching and Burning Rituals

(1984).

Hart, James, The Popular Book: A History of America’s Literary Taste (1950).

Helttunen, Karen, Confidence Men and Painted Women: A Study of Middle-class Culture in America, 1830–1870 (1982).

Herrera-Sobek, Maria, The Mexican Corrido: A Feminist Analysis (1990).

Houchens, Sue E. (ed.), Spiritual Narratives (1988).

Howard, June, Form and Function in American Literary Naturalism (1985).

Jones, Anne Goodwyn, Tomorrow is Another Day: The Woman Writer in the South, 1859– 1936 (1981).

Jones, Howard Mumford, The Age of Energy: Varieties of American Experience, 1865–1915

(1971).

Kaplan, Amy, The Social Construction of American Realism (1988).

Kasson, John F., Civilizing the Machine: Technology and Republican Values in America 1776– 1900 (1977).

Kazin, Alfred, On Native Grounds: An Interpretation of Modern American Prose Literature

(1942).

Kelley, Mary, Private Women, Public Stage: Literary Domesticity in Nineteenth-century America

(1984).

Kim, Elaine H., Asian American Literature: An Introduction to the Writings and their Social Contexts (1982).

Kolb, Harold, The Illusion of Life: American Realism as a Literary Form (1969).

Lears, T. Jackson, No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of American Culture, 1880–1920 (1981).

Liberty, Margot (ed.), American Indian Intellectuals (1978).

Ling, Amy, Between Worlds: Women Writers of Chinese Ancestry (1990).

Loewenberg, Bert James and Bogin, Ruth (eds.), Black Women in Nineteenth-century American Life: Their Words, Their Thoughts, Their Feelings (1976).

Lott, Eric W., Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class (1993). Love, Glen A., New Americans: The Westerner and the Modern Experience in the American

Novel (1982).

Machor, James L., Readers in History: Nineteenth-century American Literature and the Contexts of Response (1993).

McKay, Janet Holmgrin, Narration and Discourse in American Realistic Fiction (1982). MacKethan, Lucinda, The Dream of Arcady: Place and Time in Southern Literature (1980). Martin, Jay, Harvests of Change: American Literature, 1865–1914 (1967).

Martin, Ronald E., American Literature and the Universe of Force (1981).

Marx, Leo, The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America

(1964).

Michaels, Walter Benn, The Gold Standard and the Logic of Naturalism: American Literature at the Turn of the Century (1987).

Miller, Ruth, Backgrounds to Black American Literature (1971).

Mitchell, Lee Clark, Determined Fictions: American Literary Naturalism (1989).

Mott, Frank Luther, A History of American Magazines (5 vols; 1938–68), Volume Three: 1865–85 and Volume Four: 1885–1905.

Mumford, Lewis, The Brown Decades: A Study of the Arts in America, 1865–1895 (2nd ed., 1955).

Nettels, Elsa, Language and Gender in American Fiction: Howells, James, Wharton, and Cather

(1997).

Nye, Russell B., The Unembarrassed Muse: The Popular Arts in America (1970).

Ostriker, Alicia, Stealing the Language: The Emergence of Women’s Poetry in America (1986). Oostrum, Duco van, Male Authors, Female Subjects: The Woman Within/Beyond the Borders

of Henry Adams, Henry James and Others (1995).

Padilla, Genaro, My History, Not Yours: The Formation of Mexican-American Autobiography

(1994).

Perkins, David, A History of Modern Poetry: From the 1890s to the High Modernist Mode

(1976).

Peyser, Thomas, Utopia and Cosmopolis: Globalization in the Era of American Literary Realism

(1998).

Pizer, Donald (ed.), American Thought and Writing: The 1890s (1976).

Pizer, Donald, Realism and Naturalism in Nineteenth-century American Literature (1984). Pizer, Donald, The Theory and Practice of American Literary Naturalism: Selected Essays and

Reviews (1993).

Pizer, Donald (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to American Realism and Naturalism: From Howells to London (1995).

Porter, Carolyn, Seeing and Believing: The Plight of the Participant Observer in Emerson, James, Adams, and Faulkner (1981).

Rebolledo, Tey Diana, Women Singing in the Snow: A Cultural Analysis of Chicana Literature

(1995).

Roemer, Kenneth M., The Obsolete Necessity: America in Utopian Writings, 1888–1900 (1976). Rowe, John Carlos, Through the Custom-House: Nineteenth-century American Fiction and

Modern Theory (1982).

Saldivar, Ramon, Chicano Narrative: The Dialectics of Difference (1990). Schneider, Robert W., Five Novelists of the Progressive Era (1965).

Sedgwick, Ellery, The Atlantic Monthly, 1857–1909: Yankee Humanism at High Tide and Ebb

(1994).

Segal, Howard P., Technological Utopianism in American Culture (1985). Shockley, Ann Allen, Afro-American Women Writers, 1746–1933 (1988).

Shockley, Ann Allen (ed.), Afro-American Women Writers, 1746–1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide (1989).

Skaggs, H. M., The Folk of Southern Fiction (1972).

Snyder, Katherine V., Bachelors, Manhood and the Novel, 1850–1925 (1999). Spindler, Michael, American Literature and Social Change (1984).

Sterling, Dorothy, We Are Your Sisters: Black Women in the Nineteenth Century (1984). Sundquist, Eric (ed.), American Realism: New Essays (1982).

Tate, Claudia, Domestic Allegories of Political Desire: The Black Heroine’s Text at the Turn of the Century (1992).

Taylor, Gordon O., The Passages of Thought: Psychological Representation in the American Novel, 1870–1900 (1962).

Taylor, W. F., The Economic Novel in America (1942).

Thomas, Brook, American Literary Realism and the Failed Promise of Contract (1997). Tracy, Karen, Plots and Proposals: American Women’s Fiction, 1850–90 (2000).

Wagoner, Jean, Black Poets of the United States: From Paul Laurence Dunbar to Langston Hughes (1978).

Walcutt, Charles C., American Naturalism: A Divided Stream (1956).

Walker, Robert H., The Poet and the Gilded Age: Social Themes in Late Nineteenth-century American Verse (1963).

Warren, Kenneth W., Black and White Strangers: Race and American Literary Realism (1993). Weintraub, Stanley, London Yankees: Portraits of American Writers and Artists in England,

1894–1914 (1979).

Weiss, R., The American Myth of Success (1969).

Weissman, Judith, Half Savage and Hardy and Free: Women and Rural Radicalism in the Nineteenth-century Novel (1987).

Westbrook, P. D., Free Will and Determinism in American Literature (1979). Ziff, Larzer, The American 1890s: Life and Times of a Lost Generation (1966).

Chapter 4 Making it New: The Emergence of Modern

American Literature, 1900–1945

Aaron, Daniel, Writers on the Left: Episodes in American Literary Communism (1961). Abrahamson, Edward A., The Immigrant Experience in Literature (1982).

Abramson, Doris E., New Playwrights in the American Theatre, 1925–1959 (1969). Auerbach, Nina, Communities of Women: An Idea in Fiction (1978).

Aldridge, John, After the Lost Generation: A Critical Study of the Writers of the Two Wars

(1951).

Altieri, Charles, Painterly Abstraction in Modernist American Poetry (1989). Anderson, Elliott, The Little Magazine in America (1981).

Aquila, Richard, Wanted Dead or Alive: The American West in Popular Culture (1996). Armitage, S. and Jameson, E. (eds.), The Women’s West (1987).

Armstrong, Tim, Modernism, Technology, and the Body: A Cultural Study (1998). Baker, Houston A., Jr, The Journey Back: Issues in Black Literature and Criticism (1980). Baker, Houston A., Jr, Modernism and the Harlem Renaissance (1991).

Baker, Houston A., Jr, Workings of the Spirit: The Poetics of Afro-American Women’s Writing

(1991).

Beach, Joseph Warren, American Fiction 1920–1940 (1960).

Berkowitz, Gerald M., American Drama of the Twentieth Century (1992).

Bigsby, C. W. E., A Critical Introduction to Twentieth-century American Drama (3 vols; 1985). Bloom, Harold, The Anxiety of Influence: A Theory of Poetry (1973).

Bloom, Harold, Figures of Capable Imagination (1976).

Blotner, Joseph, The American Political Novel 1900–1960 (1960).

Boelhower, William, Through a Glass Darkly: Ethnic Semiosis in American Literature (1987). Bogardus, Ralph and Hobson, Fred (eds.), Literature at the Barricades: The American Writer

in the 1930s (1982).

Bone, Robert A., The Negro Novel in America (1965). Bradbury, John M., The Fugitives: A Critical Account (1958).

Bradbury, John M., Renaissance in the South: A Critical History of the Literature 1920–1960

(1963).

Bradbury, Malcolm, The Expatriate Tradition in American Literature (1982). Bradbury, Malcolm, The Modern American Novel (1983).

Bradbury, Malcolm and Palmer, David (eds.), The American Novel and the 1920s (1971). Bryant, J. A., Jr, Twentieth-century Southern Literature (1997).

Butterfield, R. W. (ed.), Modern American Poetry (1986).

Cambon, Glauco, The Inclusive Flame: Studies in American Poetry (1963). Cantwell, Robert, When We Were Good: The Folk Revival (1996).

Castro, Michael, Interpreting the Indian: Twentieth-century Poets and the Native American

(1983).

Chapman, Abraham, Jewish-American Literature (1974).

Christian, Barbara, Black Women Novelists: The Development of a Tradition, 1892–1976

(1984).

Clurman, Harold, The Story of the Group Theatre and the Thirties (1945). Coffman, Stanley, Imagism: A Chapter for the History of Modern Poetry (1951). Conkin, Paul K., The Southern Agrarians (1988).

Cook, Sylvia Jenkins, From Tobacco Road to Route 66: The Southern Poor White in Fiction

(1976).

Cooley, John, Savages and Naturals: Black Portraits by White Writers in Modern American Literature (1982).

Cooperman, Stanley J., World War I and the American Novel (1967). Cowan, Louise, The Fugitive Group: A Literary History (1959).

Cowley, Malcolm, Exile’s Return: A Literary Odyssey of the 1920’s (1934).

Cowley, Malcolm, Think Back on Us: A Contemporary Chronicle of the 1930’s (1967). Cowley, Malcolm, A Second Flowering: Works and Days of the Lost Generation (1973). Crumden, Robert M., Body and Soul: The Making of American Modernism (2000).

Cutler, Edward C., Recovering the New: Transatlantic Roots of Modernism (2002). Dardis, Tom, Some Time in the Sun (1976).

Dardis, Tom, The Thirsty Muse: Alcohol and the American Writer (1989). Dembo, Louise, Conceptions of Reality in Modern American Poetry (1966).

De Jongh, James, Vicious Modernism: Black Harlem and the Literary Imagination (1990). Dixon, Melvin, Ride Out the Wilderness: Geography and Identity in Afro-American Literature

(1987).

Donoghue, Denis, Connoisseurs of Chaos: Ideas of Order in Modern American Poetry (1966). Downer, Alan S., Fifty Years of American Drama 1900–1950 (1951).

Downer, Alan S. (ed.), American Drama and its Critics: A Collection of Critical Essays (1965). Dukore, Bernard F., American Dramatists 1918–1945 (1984).

Du Plessis, Rachel Blau, Writing Beyond the Ending: Narrative Strategies of Twentiethcentury Women Writers (1985).

Du Plessis, Rachel Blau, Genders, Races, and Religious Cultures in Modern American Poetry, 1908–1934 (2001).

Earnest, Ernest, Expatriates and Patriots: American Artists, Scholars, and Writers in Europe

(1968).

Eisinger, Chester, Fiction of the Forties (1963).

Emmett, S., Loaded Fictions: Social Critiques in the Twentieth-century Western (1996). Etulain, Richard W., The American Literary West (1980).

Fabre, Michel, From Harlem to Paris: Black American Writers in France (1991).

Ferraro, Thomas J., Ethnic Passages: Literary Immigrants in Twentieth-century America (1993). Fetterley, Judith, The Resisting Reader: A Feminist Approach to American Fiction (1978). Fine, Richard, West of Eden: Writers in Hollywood, 1928–1940 (1993).

Fisher, Philip, Still the New World: American Literature in a Culture of Creative Destruction

(1999).

Folsom, James K., The American Western Novel (1966).

Fredman, Stephen, Poet’s Prose: The Crisis in American Verse (1983). Frohock, W. M., The Novel of Violence in America (1957).

Gambrell, Alice, Women Intellectuals, Modernism, and Difference: Transatlantic Culture, 1919– 1945 (1997).

Gates, Henry Louis, Jr, Black Literature and Literary Theory (1984).

Gates, Henry Louis, Jr, The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African-American Literary Criticism

(1988).

Gayle, Addison, The Way of the New World: The Black Novel in America (1975). Geismar, Maxwell, Writers in Crisis: The American Novel 1925–1940 (1942). Geismar, Maxwell, The Last of the Provincials: The American Novel 1915–1925 (1947). Geismar, Maxwell, American Moderns: Rebellion to Conformity (1958).

Gelfant, Blanche (ed.), The Columbia Companion to the Twentieth-century American Short Story (2000).

Gelpi, Albert, A Coherent Splendour: The American Poetic Renaissance 1910–1950 (1988). Gilbert, James, Writers and Partisans: A History of Literary Radicalism in America (1968). Godden, Richard, Fictions of Capital: The American Novel from James to Mailer (1990).

Gould, Jean, Modern American Playwrights (1966). Gould, Jean, Modern American Women Poets (1985).

Gray, Richard, The Literature of Memory: Modern Writers of the American South (1977). Gray, Richard (ed.), American Fiction: New Readings (1980).

Gray, Richard, American Poetry of the Twentieth Century (1990). Gressley, G. M., Old West/New West (1997).

Gwin, Minrose, Black and White Women of the Old South: The Peculiar Sisterhood in American Literature (1985).

Hamilton, Ian, Writers in Hollywood, 1915–1951 (1990).

Harap, Louis, In the Mainstream: The Jewish Presence in Twentieth-century American Literature

(1978).

Haslam, Gerald W. (ed.), Western Writing (1974). Hilfer, Tony, The Revolt from the Village (1969).

Himelstein, Morgan Y., Drama Was a Weapon: The Left-wing Theatre in New York, 1929– 1941 (1963).

Hobson, Fred, Tell About the South: The Southern Rage to Explain (1983). Hoffman, Frederick, The Twenties: American Writing in the Postwar Decade (1949). Hoffman, Frederick, The Modern Novel in America (1951).

Hoffman, Frederick, The Art of Southern Fiction (1967).

Hoffman, Michael J. and Murphy, Patrick D. (eds.), Critical Essays in American Modernism (1992).

Homberger, Eric, American Writers and Radical Politics, 1900–1939 (1985). Howard, Maureen, Seven American Women Writers of the Twentieth Century (1977).

Huang, Yunte, Transpacific Development: Ethnography, Translation, and Intertextual Travel in Twentieth-century American Literature (2002).

Huggins, Nathan, Harlem Renaissance (1971).

Hughes, Glenn, Imagism and the Imagists: A Study in Modern Poetry (1960).

Jade, Cathy L., Modernismo, Modernity, and the Development of Spanish American Literature

(1998).

Jordan, June (ed.), Soulscript: Afro-American Poetry (1970).

Juhasz, Suzanne, Naked and Fiery Forms: Modern American Poetry by Women: A New Tradition (1976).

Kazin, Alfred, Contemporaries: Essays on Modern Life and Literature (1962).

Kazin, Alfred, Bright Book of Life: American Novelists and Storytellers from Hemingway to Mailer (1973).

Kellner, Bruce, The Harlem Renaissance: An Historical Dictionary for the Era (1984). Kennedy, J. Gerald, Imagining Paris: Exile, Writing, and American Identity (1993). Kenner, Hugh, A Homemade World: American Modernist Writers (1975).

Kern, Robert, Orientalism, Modernism, and the American Poem (1996).

King, Richard H., A Southern Renaissance: The Cultural Awakening of the American South, 1930–1955 (1980).

Kirkpatrick, Marcus, After Alienation: American Novels at Mid-Century (1962). Klein, Marcus, Foreigners: The Making of American Literature, 1900–1940 (1981). Kramer, Victor A., The Harlem Renaissance Re-examined (1987).

Krupat, Arnold, The Voice in the Margin: Native American Literature and the Canon (1989). Lee, Brian, American Fiction 1865–1940 (1987).

Lee, R. E., From West to East: Studies in the Literature of the American West (1966). Lensink, Judy Nolte (ed.), Old Southwest/New Southwest: Essays on a Region and its Literature

(1987).

Levin, Jonathan, The Poetics of Transition: Emerson, Pragmatism, and American Literary Modernism (1999).

Lewis, Allan, American Plays and Playwrights of the Contemporary Theatre (1970). Lewis, David L., When Harlem Was In Vogue (1981).

Londre, Felicia Hardison and Watermeier, Daniel J., The History of North American Theater (1998).

Madden, David (ed.), Proletarian Writers of the Thirties (1968).

Madden, David (ed.), Tough Guy Writers of the Thirties (1968).

Magny, C. E., The Age of the American Novel: The Film Aesthetic of Fiction Between the Two Wars (1972).

Manning, Carol S. (ed.), The Female Tradition in Southern Literature (1993).

Mariani, Paul, A Usable Past: Essays on Modern and Contemporary American Poetry (1984). Mazzaro, Jerome (ed.), Modern American Poetry: Essays in Criticism (1970).

Mellard, James M., The Exploded Form: The Modernist Novel in America (1980). Meserve, Walter J., An Outline History of American Drama (1965).

Messent, Peter, New Readings of the American Novel: Narrative Theory and its Application

(1990).

Meyer, Roy W., The Middle Western Farm Novel in the Twentieth Century (1965). Michaels, Walter Benn, Our America: Nativism, Modernism, and Pluralism (1995). Middlebrook, Diane Wood and Yalom, Marilyn (eds.), Coming to Light: American Women

Poets in the Twentieth Century (1985).

Millgate, Michael, American Social Fiction: James to Cozzens (1964). Milton, John R., The Novel of the American West (1980).

Mizener, Arthur, Twelve Great American Novels (1967).

Mootry, Maria Katella, Studies in Black Pastoral: Five Afro-American Writers (1974). Morrison, Mark S., The Public Face of Modernism: Little Magazines, Audiences, and Reception,

1905–1920 (2000).

Mott, Frank Luther, A History of American Magazines (5 vols, 1938–68), Volume Five: 1905–1930.

Murphy, Brenda, American Realism and American Drama, 1880–1940 (1987).

Myers, Jack and Wojahn, David (eds.), A Profile of Twentieth-century American Poetry

(1991).

Nevius, Blake, The American Novel: Sinclair Lewis to the Present (1970).

Nicholls, Peter, Modernisms: A Literary Guide (1995).

North, Michael, The Dialect of Modernism: Race, Language, and Twentieth-century Literature

(1974).

O’Connor, William Van, Seven Modern American Novelists: An Introduction (1964). Payne, L., Black Writers and the Southern Literary Renaissance (1981).

Pells, Richard, Radical Visions and American Dreams (1973).

Perkins, David, A History of Modern Poetry: Modernism and After (1987). Perloff, Marjorie, The Poetics of Indeterminacy: From Rimbaud to Cage (1981).

Perloff, Marjorie, The Dance of the Intellect: Studies in the Poetry of the Pound Tradition

(1986).

Perry, Margaret, Silence to the Drums: A Survey of the Literature of the Harlem Renaissance

(1976).

Pizer, Donald, Twentieth-century American Literary Naturalism: An Interpretation (1982). Pizer, Donald, American Expatriate Writing and the Paris Movement (1992).

Quartermain, Peter, Disjunctive Poetics: From Gertrude Stein and Louis Zukofsky to Susan Howe (1992).

Rabinowitz, Paula, Black and White Noir: America’s Pulp Modernism (2001).

Rabkin, Gerald, Drama and Commitment: Politics in the American Theatre of the Thirties

(1964).

Redmond, Eugene, Drumvoices: The Mission of Afro-American Poetry, A Critical History

(1976).

Reynolds, Guy, Twentieth-century American Women’s Fiction (1999). Rideout, Walter B., The Radical Novel in the United States, 1900–1954 (1956).

Robinson, F. G., Having it Both Ways: Self-subversion in Western Popular Classics (1993). Rocard, Marcienne, The Children of the Sun: Mexican Americans in the Literature of the

United States (1989).

Rosenblatt, Roger, Black Fiction (1974).

Rubin, Louis D., Jr, The Faraway Country: Writers of the Modern South (1963). Rubin, Louis D., Jr, The Wary Fugitives: Four Poets and the South (1978). Rubin, Louis D., Jr, A Gallery of Southerners (1982).

Rubin, Louis D., Jr et al. (eds.), The History of Southern Literature (1985).

Rubin, Louis D., Jr and Jacobs, Robert D. (eds.), Southern Renascence: The Literature of the Modern South (1953).

Rubin, Louis D., Jr and Jacobs, Robert D. (eds.), South: Modern Southern Literature in its Cultural Setting (1961).

Ruland, Richard, The Rediscovery of American Literature: Premises of Critical Taste, 1900– 1940 (1967).

Sanders, Leslie Catherine, The Development of Black Theatre in America (1988). Scanlan, Tom, Family, Drama, and American Dreams (1978).

Schlueter, June (ed.), Modern American Theatre: The Female Canon (1990).

Seed, David (ed.), Anticipations: Essays on Early Science Fiction and its Precursors (1995). Shiach, Don, American Drama 1900–1990 (2000).

Simpson, Lewis P., The Dispossessed Garden: Pastoral and History in Southern Literature

(1975).

Simpson, Lewis P., The Fable of the Southern Writer (1994).

Singal, Daniel J., The War Within: From Victorian to Modernist Thought in the South (1982). Singh, Amrijit, The Novels of the Harlem Renaissance (1976).

Slotkin, Richard, The Fatal Environment: The Myth of the Frontier in the Twentieth Century

(1985).

Slotkin, Richard, Gunfighter Nation: The Myth of the Frontier in Twentieth-century America

(1992).

Stanford, Donald, Revolution and Convention in Modern Poetry (1983). Stauffer, Donald, A Short History of American Poetry (1974).

Stepto, Robert, From Behind the Veil: A Study of Afro-American Narrative (1979). Stewart, John L., The Burden of Time: The Fugitives and Agrarians (1965).

Stott, William, Documentary Expression and Thirties America (1973). Tallack, Douglas, Twentieth-century America (1991).

Taylor, Gordon O., Chapters of Experience: Studies in Twentieth-century American Autobiography (1983).

Teague, D., The Southwest in American Literature and Art (1997).

Tichi, Cecelia, Shifting Gears: Technology, Literature, Culture in Modernist America (1987). Tompkins, Jane, West of Everything: The Inner Life of Westerns (1992).

Truettner, W. (ed.), The West as America: Reinterpreting Images of the Frontier (1991). Tuma, Keith, Fishing by Obstinate Isles: Modern and Postmodern British and American Poetry

and American Readers (1998).

Tuttleton, J., The Novel of Manners in America (1972).

Unger, Leonard (ed.), Seven Modern American Poets: An Introduction (1967). Vendler, Helen, Part of Nature, Part of Us: Modern American Poets (1980). Waldau, Roy S., Vintage Years of the Theatre Guild (1972).

Watts, Emily S., The Poetry of American Women from 1612 to 1945 (1977). West, R. B., The Short Story in America 1900–1950 (1952).

Williams, Jay, Stage Left (1974).

Willis, Susan B., Specifying: Black Women Writing the American Experience (1987). Wilmeth, Don B. and Bigsbee, C. W. E. (eds.), The Cambridge History of American Theatre:

Three-Volume Set (2000).

Wilmeth, Don B. and Miller, Tice L. (eds.), The Cambridge Guide to American Theatre (1996).

Wilson, Edmund, American Earthquake: A Documentary of the Twenties and Thirties (1958). Young, James O., Black Writers of the Thirties (1973).

Young, R., White Mythologies: Writing History and the West (1995).

Chapter 5 Negotiating the American Century:

American Literature since 1945

Alexander, M., Flights from Realism: Themes and Strategies in Postmodernist British and American Fiction (1990).

Allen, Paula Gunn, The Sacred Hoop: Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Tradition

(1986).

Allmendinger, Blake, Ten Most Wanted: The New Western Literature (1998). Alter, Robert, Partial Magic: The Novel as a Self-conscious Genre (1975).

Altieri, Charles, Enlarging the Temple: New directions in American Poetry during the 1960s

(1979).

Altieri, Charles, Self and Sensibility in Contemporary American Poetry (1984).

Anderson, Eric Gary, American Indian Literature and the Southwest (1999). Anzaldúa, Gloria, Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987).

Anzaldúa, Gloria (ed.), Making Face/Making Soul: Hacienda Caras: Creative and Critical Perspectives by Feminists of Color (1990).

Apt Russell, Sharman, Kill the Cowboy: A Battle of Mythology in the New West (1993). Aronson, Arnold, American Avant-Garde Theatre (2000).

Barthold, Bonnie J., Black Time: Fiction of Africa, the Caribbean, and the United States (1981). Baumbach, Jonathan, The Landscape of Nightmare: Studies in the Contemporary American

Novel (1965).

Bawer, Bruce, The Middle Generation: The Lives and Poetry of Delmore Schwartz, Randall Jarrell, John Berryman, and Robert Lowell (1986).

Beidler, Philip, Re-writing America: Vietnam Authors in their Generation (1991). Bercovitch, Sacvan (ed.), The Cambridge History of American Literature: Volume Eight: Poetry

and Criticism, 1940–1995 (1996).

Bercovitch, Sacvan (ed.), The Cambridge History of American Literature: Volume Seven: Prose Writing, 1940–1995 (1998).

Berger, Alan L., Crisis and Covenant: The Holocaust in American Jewish Fiction (1985). Berke, Roberta, Bounds out of Bounds: A Compass for Recent American and British Poetry

(1981).

Berkowitz, Gerald M., New Broadways: Theatre Across America 1950–1980 (1982). Berman, N. D., Playful Fictions and Fictional Players: Game, Sport and Survival in Contem-

porary American Fiction (1981).

Berthoff, Warner, A Literature Without Qualities: American Writing since 1945 (1979). Bigsby, C. W. E., Confrontation and Commitment: A Study of Contemporary American Drama

1959–1966 (1968).

Bigsby, C. W. E., The Second Black Renaissance: Essays in Black Literature (1980). Bigsby, C. W. E., Contemporary American Playwrights (1999).

Bigsby, C. W. E., Modern American Drama, 1945–2000 (2000).

Bilik, Dorothy, Immigrant Survivors: Post-Holocaust Consciousness in Recent Jewish American Fiction (1981).

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