4988
.pdfceramic foam |
пенокерамика; керамическая пена |
paper foam |
пенобумага |
metallized plastics |
металлизованная пластмасса |
Maximizing characteristics |
максимизирующие характеристики |
safety |
безопасность |
resistance to strain and abrasion |
сопротивляемость натяжению |
|
(деформации) и трению (износ от |
|
стирания) |
flexibility and temperature resistance |
гибкость и термостойкость |
density |
плотность |
minimizing weight |
минимизированный вес |
fast processing |
быстрая обработка |
less waste and pollution |
меньше отходов и загрязнения |
reduce expense of machinery and tools |
уменьшать расход на машинное |
|
оборудование и инструменты |
increase flexibility |
повышать гибкость |
custom-made products |
товар, изготовленный по |
|
индивидуальному заказу, |
|
индивидуализированный товар |
rubber industry |
резиновая промышленность |
trend |
тенденция |
thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) |
термопласты |
mechanical properties |
механические свойства, прочностные |
|
свойства |
shock absorbtion |
смягчение удара |
above all |
прежде всего |
haptic feel |
тактильное ощущение |
biomimetic materials |
биомиметические материалы |
replace sound materials |
заменять прочные материалы |
|
(качественный ) |
3. Match the words and phrases to their translation and make sentences about design materials:
a.
appearance |
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рациональное использование |
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материалов |
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decoration and visual appeal |
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подавать пример, показывать дорогу |
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construct, develop and produce |
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конкуренция между производителями |
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intelligent products |
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combination of function |
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приводить в движение развитие |
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промышленного дизайна |
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sustainable material use |
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совокупная |
выгода, |
добавленная |
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стоимость |
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lead the way |
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украшение |
и |
видимая |
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30 |
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привлекательность |
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competition between producers |
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конструировать; |
совершенствовать и |
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производить |
интеллектуальные |
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товары |
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drive industrial design development |
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сочетание |
функциональных |
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особенностей |
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added value |
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давать возможность производителям |
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enable producers |
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механические свойства, прочностные |
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свойства |
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mechanical properties |
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внешний вид |
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b. |
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in terms of use, function and aesthetics |
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долговечность |
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an increasingly competitive market |
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лёгкая конструкция |
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overall quality |
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уменьшение деталей |
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demand products |
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интегрирование функций |
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minimize environmental impact |
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усовершенствование товарных новинок |
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sustainability |
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с точки зрения применения, |
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функциональных показателей и |
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эстетики |
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lightweight construction |
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рынок с возрастающей |
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конкурентоспособностью |
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reduction of components |
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integration of functions |
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требовать продукты |
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development of innovative products |
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уменьшать влияние на окружающую |
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среду |
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c. |
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technical innovation |
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реагировать на среду |
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environmental issue |
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превращаться в совершенно другие |
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материалы |
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properties and characteristics |
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ламинирование, расслоение |
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thin, light, biodegradable |
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сборка частей, монтаж |
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combine properties |
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бумага из керамического волокна |
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in the most efficient way |
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техническое усовершенствование |
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react to surroundings |
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экологическая проблема |
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transform into completely different |
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свойства и характеристики |
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materials |
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lamination |
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тонкий, лёгкий, биоразрушаемый |
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assembly |
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сочетать свойства |
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ceramic paper |
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самым эффективным способом |
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31 |
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d.
maximizing characteristics |
плотность |
combine the advantages of two materials |
древеснонаполненный пенопласт |
into one new material |
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safety |
быстрая обработка |
resistance to strain and abrasion |
обеспечить товар дополнительными |
|
функциональными особенностями |
flexibility and temperature resistance |
уменьшать расход на машинное |
|
оборудование и инструменты |
density |
повышать гибкость |
wood foam |
максимизирующие характеристики |
fast processing |
комбинировать преимущества 2-х |
|
материалов в одном новом |
provide a product with additional |
заменять прочные материалы |
functionality |
|
Reduce expense of machinery and tools |
сопротивляемость деформации и |
|
трению |
increase flexibility |
гибкость и термостойкость |
replace sound materials |
безопасность |
II. Evocation (Вызов)
Listening & Speaking
4. Group work. Make assumptions about the content of the text. Answer the following questions and report your ideas to the class.
1.What types of industrial design materials do you know?
2.Can you describe these materials?
3.What are their characteristic properties?
Writing
5. Individual work. Fill in the first column of the “logbook” ( бортовой журнал):
I know about industrial design materials
I have learnt about industrial design materials
6. Read the text and answer the questions:
1.What are the reasons for industrial design to become more important?
2.What drives the development of industrial design?
3.What are the main criteria to create new properties and characteristics?
4.What materials are they striving to use? What does it mean?
5.Which criteria which also play an important role in the development of materials?
6.What materials are used in the rubber industry and why?
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7. Read the text and fill in the second column of the “logbook”:
I know about industrial design materials
I have learnt about industrial design materials
New materials important in industrial design
Industrial design will, in my opinion, become more and more important. There are several reasons for this.
To start with, design is about more than just appearance – the decoration and visual appeal. It is about the knowledge of how to construct, develop and produce intelligent products. "Intelligent" means a combination of function, sensible production methods, sustainable material use and of course an attractive and useful interface. All these qualities are necessary to design good products. And designers who are at once observers, engineers and "poets" are well suited to lead the way.
Another factor is that competition between producers drives industrial design development. Design is seen as a "plus": the added value that enables producers to sell good products with in terms of use, function and aesthetics in an increasingly competitive market.
Finally consumers know more and more about design and its importance to the overall quality of a product, and therefore demand products with good design.
As I see it, the development of industrial design is driven by criteria such as minimizing environmental impact, sustainability, the need for lightweight construction, reduction of components and the integration of functions. As experts in new materials and technologies for the development of innovative products, I and my colleagues work closely with international research institutes in our projects. By connecting scientific research and product design we are able to develop new strategies, concepts and products.
Technical innovation, cost and environmental issues are the main criteria when it comes to the properties and characteristics that we are seeking for. And as a consequence we are striving for materials that are thinner, lighter, biodegradable and more "intelligent" in terms of having integrated functionality.
This means materials that combine properties in the most efficient way; materials that can react to their surroundings and the environment by measuring and responding; materials whose characteristics can be transformed by various processes into, completely different materials. Such combinations are more an integration than a lamination. The reason for such materials are functionality, a reduction in the number of components needed (which means they require less assembly) and the integration of ergonomic needs. Examples include ceramic paper, wood foam, metal foam, ceramic foam, paper foam and metallized plastics (metal particles within the plastic) all of which combine the advantages of two or more materials into one new material.
Maximizing characteristics such as safety, resistance to strain and abrasion, flexibility and temperature resistance as well as minimizing weight, cost and density are some of the criteria which also play an important role in the development of
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materials. Materials with one or more of these "optimal" properties can open up new markets and provide a product with additional functionality.
Simultaneously new technologies enable faster processing, less waste and pollution and reduce the expense of machinery and tools. All of which increases flexibility and enables faster responses to rapid market changes and demands, quicker assembly of prototypes and even custom-made products being manufactured individually. In the rubber industry the trend is to use thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) because of their fantastic mechanical properties, such as shock absorption and above all their haptic feel and flexibility.
In the future, and this is not a fantasy but something you can already see developing if you look into laboratories and research institutes all over the world, biodegradable and intelligent biomimetic materials will replace less ecologically sound materials.
Reflection (Рефлексия) Speaking
8. Match the words from two columns to create a phrase and make sentences to use them in your own text entitled “Materials important in industrial design”. Share your ideas with the partner.
a.
construct |
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use, function and aesthetics |
A combination |
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products with good design |
necessary |
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environmental impact |
drive |
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new strategies, concepts and products |
enable |
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develop and produce intelligent products |
in terms of |
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of function, sustainable material use and |
|
|
an attractive interface |
demand |
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to design good products |
|
|
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minimize |
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industrial design development |
develop |
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producers to sell good products |
b. |
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strive for |
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a product with additional functionality |
combine |
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faster processing |
transform into |
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the expense of machinery and tools |
combine |
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thermoplastic elastomers |
play |
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fantastic mechanical properties |
open up new markets |
|
thinner, lighter, biodegradable materials |
provide |
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properties in the most efficient way |
enable |
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completely different materials |
reduce |
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the advantages of two materials into one |
|
|
new material |
use |
|
an important role in the development of |
|
34 |
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materials |
because of |
new markets |
Listening & Speaking
9. Group work.
Group 1. Create a presentation about building materials according to the text and present it to the class. Get ready to answer questions and discuss different points of view.
Group 2. Listen to the presentations and comment on them using “Hats of Thinking”
Writing
10. Create a quote about building materials, reflect on it, interpret and ground it (See appendix
Listening and Speaking:
11.Present your quote to the class. Get ready to discuss different points of view answering questions and persisting in your opinion
12.Listen to the quote presentation and get ready to discuss different points of view asking questions and persisting in your opinion
Writing
13.Write reflection on the quote from Ex. 1
Unit 6
DEVELOPING HOVERFERRY DESIGN-PROJECT
Part I
What is a hovercraft?
I. Warming up (Разминка) Listening & Speaking
1. Reflect on the following questions about the hovercraft and share your ideas with the class. The following lexis can be useful.
a.What type of vehicle is a hovercraft? Why do you think so?
b.How does it move over the water's surface?
c.What are the main parts of the simplest hovercraft?
d.What affects the speed of a hovercraft?
35
2. Read and answer the questions:
How fast can a hovercraft go? Are they faster on land than on water, or does the surface affect the speed?
Both the terrain and the weather affect the speed of a hovercraft. There is less friction on smooth surfaces, such as ice, so a hovercraft is faster on ice than it is, for instance, on dense grass or rough surfaces. A hovercraft operating on water is affected by the roughness of the water - it will travel faster over smooth water than over waves. In addition, a hovercraft will travel faster when traveling downwind than it will when it faces a headwind. Depending upon the terrain and the weather, the average speed of a hovercraft is 35 mph (56 km/h). Today's light recreational hovercraft can reach speeds in excess of 70 mph (112 km/h).
amphibious vehicle |
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плавающая машина (транспортное |
||||
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средство) |
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air-cushion vehicle (ACV)/ hovercraft |
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судно (транспортное средство) на |
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воздушной подушке |
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craft |
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судно, плавучее средство |
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to be capable of doing something |
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быть способным делать что-либо |
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|||
to travel over land, water, mud or ice and |
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передвигаться по суше, воде, грязи |
||||
other surfaces |
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или льду и другим поверхностям |
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to move over the water's surface |
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передвигаться над поверхностью воды |
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cushion of air |
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воздушная подушка |
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to float on a layer of air |
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плыть (держаться на поверхности |
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воды) на слое воздуха |
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to power by an engine |
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приводить в движение при помощи |
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двигателя |
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to provide the cushion lift and the thrust |
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обеспечивать |
подъёмную |
силу |
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for forward or reverse movement |
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воздушной подушки и тягу для |
||||
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движения вперёд и обратного хода |
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hull |
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корпус судна |
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flexible 'skirt' |
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гибкое |
ограждение |
воздушной |
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подушки |
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smooth surface/ rough surface |
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гладкая поверхность, поверхность без |
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трения/ неровная поверхность |
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to fly or slide over a variety of surfaces |
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летать или скользить по целому ряду |
||||
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поверхностей |
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to reduce friction |
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уменьшить трение |
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be fast/slow |
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плыть быстро/ медленно |
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to travel downwind |
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двигаться по ветру |
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to face a headwind |
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сталкиваться со встречным ветром |
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to power a fan |
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приводить в действие вентилятор |
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(лопасть гребного винта) |
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36 |
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3. Read the following terms and phrases, mind their pronunciation:
vehicle |
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транспортное средство |
to hover and float about |
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парить (висеть) и держаться на |
|
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поверхности воды |
to supply |
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снабжать. поставлять |
powered fan |
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мощный вентилятор (воздушный винт) |
to mount on the craft |
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устанавливать на судне |
to invent |
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изобретать |
to originally test |
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первоначально проверить, испытать |
empty tin |
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пустая консервная банка |
air blower |
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нагнетательный вентилятор, |
|
|
воздуходувная машина |
kitchen scales |
|
кухонные весы |
hairdryer |
|
фен |
to blow air |
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вдувать, нагнетать, продувать, |
|
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перепускать воздух |
downward thrust |
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тяга, направленная вниз |
cushion of pressurized air |
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подушка со сжатым воздухом |
to power a fan |
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приводить в действие вентилятор |
|
|
(лопасть гребного винта) |
underneath the hovercraft |
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под судно на воздушной подушке |
to cause it to lift off of the ground |
|
вызвать отрыв от земли |
to lift off of the ground |
|
отрываться от земли |
depending upon the size |
|
в зависимости от размера |
power of the engines |
|
мощность двигателей |
to lift into the air |
|
подниматься в воздух |
to work most efficiently |
|
работать наиболее эффективно |
fabric skirt |
|
тканевая юбка, ограждение |
surrounding the base |
|
окружающий дно (нижняя часть |
|
|
основания) |
to keep the pressurized air from escaping |
|
удерживать сжатый воздух от утечки |
to produce an air current |
|
создавать поток воздуха |
to push hovercraft forward |
|
двигать судно вперёд |
separate engines |
|
отдельные двигатели |
forward motion |
|
передний ход |
to create the pressurized air cushion |
|
создать подушку со сжатым воздухом |
to produce a single air stream |
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создавать одиночную воздушную |
|
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струю |
to split between thrust and cushion |
|
распределять между тягой и подушкой |
to transport people and equipment |
|
перевозить людей и оборудование |
over rough terrain |
|
по труднопроходимой местности |
|
37 |
|
across bodies of water |
по водной поверхности |
to run |
ходить, плыть |
rather than using boats |
вместо того, чтобы использовать |
|
корабли |
to lift it slightly above the surface |
слегка поднять его над поверхностью |
the main objective |
главная цель |
to remove any form of friction |
избавиться от любой формы трения |
to generate friction |
вызывать трение |
a huge thing |
огромный предмет |
Evocation (Вызов)
Vocabulary Focus
4. Match the words and phrases to their translation and make sentences about the hovercraft and its functions:
a.
hovercraft |
|
|
плыть (держаться на поверхности |
|
|
|
воды) на слое воздуха |
to mount on the craft |
|
|
уменьшить трение |
cushion of air |
|
|
транспортное средство |
to move over the water's surface |
|
|
мощный вентилятор (воздушный винт) |
to float on a layer of air |
|
|
трение между водой и транспортным |
|
|
|
средством |
to reduce friction |
|
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судно на воздушной подушке |
vehicle |
|
|
устанавливать на судне |
powered fan |
|
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воздушная подушка |
friction between the water and vehicle |
|
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передвигаться над поверхностью воды |
b. |
|
|
|
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to travel over both land and water |
|
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отрываться от земли |
amphibious vehicle |
|
|
мощность двигателей |
to hover in the air |
|
|
подниматься в воздух |
on a cushion of pressurized air |
|
|
передвигаться как по суше, так и по |
|
|
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воде |
to power a fan |
|
|
плавающая машина |
to blow air underneath the hovercraft |
|
|
парить в воздухе |
to lift off of the ground |
|
|
на подушке со сжатым воздухом |
the power of the engines |
|
|
приводить в действие вентилятор |
|
|
|
(воздушный винт) |
to lift into the air |
|
|
вдувать воздух под нижнюю часть |
|
|
|
судна |
|
38 |
||
c.
to work most efficiently |
создать подушку со сжатым воздухом |
|
fabric skirt |
передний ход |
|
to keep the pressurized air from escaping |
создавать одиночную воздушную |
|
|
|
струю |
to produce an air current |
распределять между тягой и подушкой |
|
to push hovercraft forward |
работать наиболее эффективно |
|
to create the pressurized air cushion |
тканевая юбка, ограждение |
|
forward motion |
удерживать сжатый воздух от утечки |
|
to produce a single air stream |
создавать поток воздуха |
|
to split between thrust and cushion |
двигать судно вперёд |
|
d. |
|
|
|
|
|
for a variety of reasons |
|
вызывать трение |
to transport people and equipment |
|
главная цель |
over rough terrain |
|
по целому ряду причин |
run on any type of surface |
|
перевозить людей и оборудование |
|
|
|
to remove any form of friction |
|
по труднопроходимой местности |
to generate friction |
|
ходить по любой поверхности |
the main objective |
|
избавиться от любой формы трения |
III. Realization (Осмысление)
Reading & Speaking
5.Read the text and find answers to the following questions:
1.What is this text about?
2.What is a hovercraft?
3.In what way does this vehicle move?
4.How does this craft work?
5.What helps a hovercraft work most efficiently?
6.What is the main function of a hovercraft?
What is a hovercraft?
A hovercraft is a vehicle supported on a cushion of air supplied by a powered fan mounted on the craft. This vehicle moves over the water's surface, floating on a layer of air. This reduces friction between the water and vehicle.
Hovercrafts are also sometimes called air-cushioned vehicles or ACVs. Hovercrafts are known as amphibious vehicles. That means they can travel over both land and water.
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