экон.бизн4

Федеральное агентство по образованию

Е.А.Княжева

Письменный перевод в сфере экономики и бизнеса Учебное пособие для вузов

Воронеж 2007

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Утверждено Научно-методическим советом факультета РГФ, протокол №6

от 27.06. 2006

Рецензент доцент С.Л.Лукина

Учебное пособие подготовлено на кафедре теории перевода и межкультурной коммуникации факультета романо-германской филологии Воронежского государственного университета.

Рекомендовано для практических занятий со студентами IV курса д/о и V курса в/о факультета романо-германской филологии по курсу письменного перевода.

Для специальности: 031202 (022900) - Перевод и переводоведение

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Globalization

Task 1. Brainstorming

What do you think globalization means? Which global companies can you think of?

Task 2. Reading and discussion: read the text and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of globalization.

PHILIP CONDIT, CHAIRMAN OF BOEING, TALKS ABOUT THE PROBLEMS OF TURNING BOEING INTO A GLOBAL COMPANY

Flight plan from Seattle

By Michael Skinner

In the last thirty years, Philip Condit says, not much has changed. The problem, he says is not just that employees at Boeing think of other countries as being exotic. They take the same attitude to any where in the US outside Seattle, where the company has its headquarters and its most important factories. Boeing staff talk about something as being ‘in-plant’ or ‘out-plant’. In-plant means Seattle. Out-plant means one of the group’s other locations, such as Wichita, Kansas.

Condit, who became Boeing’s chairman in February, wants to change all that. Over the next 20 years, he wants Boeing to become a global rather than a US company. Boeing employees could be forgiven for thinking that being a Seattle company has served them well enough. Boeing is the world’s most successful aircraft maker.

Condit believes, however, that Boeing cannot stand still. There are too many examples in aviation and other sectors of what has happened to companies that have tried to do that.

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Last year, in a speech to managers, he described his vision of what the group would look like in 2016, its centenary year. He told them that Boeing would be an aerospace company. It would not repeat earlier mistakes such as attempting to enter the train or boat-building business.

Second, he said, Boeing would be a ‘global enterprise’. This would mean increasing the number of countries of operation. He is impressed, he says, by the way in which oil companies have benefited from losing national images. ‘BP is probably the most global company in the world. It is interesting to see that in the US its nationality has begun to disappear. Almost everybody in the US says BP and not British Petroleum. It is a local kind of a company’. Royal Dutch/Shell is another group which manages to present itself as a local company in the countries in which it operates.

Would he be happy if 20 years from now people did not think of Boeing as being a US company? ‘Yes’, Condit says, ‘I believe we are moving to wars an era of global markets and global companies’.

Task 3. Matching.

Match the terms below to the definitions. Give their Russian equivalents.

a)a company partly of wholly owned by a parent company;

b)giving someone the exclusive right to sell products in a certain area;

c)selling the right to a manufacture’s trademark, usually in a foreign market;

d)buying or taking over another company;

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e)a person or company who cooperates with a foreign company who wishes to enter the market;

f)two or more companies join temporarily to carry out a large project;

g)a group of companies in similar businesses working together;

h)important subjects that people discuss;

i)money paid by the government to people in need, for example, the unemployed;

j)basic facilities and services of a country, for example, water, power, roads;

k)a movement of large sums of money out of a country;

l)the ability of a business to make money;

Task 4. Gap filling.

Fill in the gaps and translate the text.

Trading groups; lost sales; global conference; cancelled orders; factories; suppliers; fashion business; overseas plants; takeover; major order; costs; distributor; quality standards; subsidiaries; foreign markets.

This week, the international fashion group Fortune Garments is holding its first (…) in Barcelona, Spain. Fortune garments, one of Hong Kong’s oldest (…), makes high quality clothing. It has become a global company: it has over 3000 (…) in 17 countries, and employs staff from all over the world in its head office and (…). It is expanding rapidly in (…) with sales of over $US 1.8bn.

Fast delivery, innovative design, and reliable quality are essential for success in the (…). Fortune Garments’ Chairman, Michael Chau, is proud that his company can usually accept a (…) and deliver the goods to a customer within four weeks. However, globalization has brought problems in the company’s (…), and this is having a bad effect on its share price. A journalist from the Eastern Economist Review suggested recently that the company could become a target of a (…) if it didn’t sort out its problems soon.

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One of these problems is quality control. For instance, many (…) make clothing from materials supplied by several of the company’s plants. Although it helps to lower (…), the materials are often of poor quality. This has resulted in

(…). Recently, a German (…) refused a consignment of 50,000 blouses. The goods simply did not meet its (…). Cancellation of the order cost Fortune Garments half a million dollars in (…).

Task 5. Information input: ‘The Key Players’.

Study the names of organizations below and give their translation into Russian.

5.1. Anti-globalization Groups

1.The International Institute for Sustainable Development (http://www.iisd.org/) 2.The International Forum on Globalization (http://www.ifg.org/)

3. Greenpeace (www.greenpeace.org/international)

4.The World Wide Fund for Nature (http://www.wwf.org/)

5.Oxfam (www.oxfam.org/eng/)

6.Friends of the Earth International (http://www.foei.org/)

7.The Center for International Environmental Law (http://www.ciel.org/)

8.Public Citizen (http://www.citizen.org/)

9.Medecins Sans Frontieres (http://www.msf.org/)

10.Consumers International (http://www.consumersinternational.org/)

5.2. Pro-Globalization Groups

1.The International Policy Network (http://www.policynetwork.net/)

2.Development Network (http://www.sdnetwork.net/)

3.The Competitive Enterprise Institute (http://www.cei.org/)

4.The Cato Institute (http://www.cato.org/)

5.The Institute of Public Affairs (http://www.ipa.org.au/)

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6.The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (http://www.aei.org/)

7.TCS Daily (http://www.tcsdaily.com/)

8.World Growth (http://www.worldgrowth.org/)

9.The Heritage Foundation (http://www.heritage.org/)

10.AWorldConnected (http://www.aworldconnected.org/)

5.3. Anti-Globalisation Individuals

1.George Monbiot (http://www.monbiot.com/)

2.Naomi Klein (http://www.nologo.org/)

3.Martin Khor (http://www.twnside.org.sg/)

4.Mary Robinson (http://www.eginitiative.org/)

5.Vandana Shiva (http://www.navdanya.org/)

6.John Ralston Saul (www.abc.net.au/specials/saul/default.htm)

5.4. Pro-Globalisation Individuals

1.Johan Norberg (http://www.johannorberg.net/)

2.Douglas A. Irwin (www.dartmouth.edu/~dirwin/)

3.Jagdish Bhagwati (www.columbia.edu/~jb38/)

4.Martin Wolf

(www.nottingham.ac.uk/economics/staff/details/martin_wolf.htm)

5.Philippe Legrain (http://www.philippelegrain.com/)

6.Mike Moore (http://www.mike-moore.info/)

Task 6. Vocabulary.

Find the Russian equivalents of these terms.

Company – a formal association of persons for business purposes, especially a corporation or group of persons legally incorporated under company law; in AmE – a general word for any business, whether it is a sole proprietorship, or a partnership, or a corporation

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Corporation – a group of persons in Britain who have formed themselves into an association which itself has a separate legal existence or artificial personality quite different from the persons who compose it.(The law allows it to continue to exist indefinitely although its members (shareholders) may change. In AmE – a business organization equivalent to a limited company in Britain

Joint-stock company – a form of business organization called a corporation, which has its capital divided into many small units of stock or into shares of low face value so that they may be bought by small and large investors. Often is used in the same meaning as “limited company”.In AmE – a business organization having its capital divided into small units of stock, but the liability of its members is unlimited, as in a partnership.

Limited (liability) company – a joint-stock company, the financial liability of whose members is limited by law. If the company is limited by shares, the liability of each member is limited to the amount unpaid on his shares, and he may have to lose the cost of his shares, but no more, if the company goes into liquidation because of its debts. If the company is limited by guarantee, the liability of each member is limited to the amount he has personally guaranteed (promised) to pay if necessary in the event of liquidation.

Private (limited) company – a limited company which must not invite the public to subscribe for its shares or debentures and does not allow its members to transfer their shares without the agreement of the other shareholders. (It must have at least two but usually not more than fifty members).

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Public (limited) company – a limited company which can offer its shares and debentures to the public; there is normally no limit to the right of its members to transfer their shares to other persons. (There is no limit to the total number of members except that there must be at least seven).

Unlimited company – a company of which the liability of the members is unlimited, i.e. each member has to pay his/her full share of the debts of the company if it is brought to an end.

Close company/ close(ed) corporation – (AmE) a company of which the share capital is held or controlled by relatively few persons (five or fewer persons), or by persons who are all directors of the company (The shares of a close company are not publicly traded. A company of this kind must either pay out a large part of its profit as dividend or be classed for tax purposes as a private person.

Offshore company – located or based in a foreign country and not subject to tax laws.

Firm – 1. (law) partnership an association of two or more persons who have formally agreed to work together as partners;2. (commerce) any business organization or commercial house, whether it is a partnership or not, often a company, especially a small one; 3. the name or title under which a partnership or company transacts business e.g. the firm of Smith & Jones.

Task 7. Translation.

Read the text and find out about the people and the companies mentioned. Translate the text.

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The Great Paradox of Globalisation

Business leaders applaud it, protesters demonstrate against it, Thomas Friedman writes a column about it and politicians tell us it is inevitable. As the World Trade Organization celebrates it in the comparative peace of Qatar, it is time to ask what exactly we mean by globalization.

People first started to use the term in the 1980s, when American business discovered the rest of the world. Of course, Ford and General Motors had owned foreign car plants for more than 50 years. But their overseas facilities manufactured dinky models for agoraphobic Europeans and were quite separate from the mainstream American operations. US consumers had always imported Burberrys and French perfumes but trade was and is a much lower percentage of national income in the US than it is in any European country.

There was a rude awakening. Ford and GM realized that Asian competitors could make cars that were not only cheaper but also better. (Their customers discovered it first). Other US firms such as Gap and Compaq realized that an American brand and offshore manufacture made an unbeatable combination in textiles and computers. Jobs migrated from the US to the developing world.

Within a short time, every large US company had a director of international operations and every US business school a course in international strategy. Some chief executives even predicted that their successors might have worked overseas or might even not be American nationals. These fears mostly proved to be exaggerated. The Ford family is still in the saddle.

But globalization received a further boost from the collapse of the Soviet Union. Where once there had been two great trading blocks in the world, now there was only one. Or perhaps there were now three. Americans responded to the growing influence of the European Union by establishing their own free trade area and the rapidly growing Asian economies came closer together.