2 Варианты контрольных работ Вариант 1

1Переведите текст на русский язык письменно. Ответьте на вопросы после текста.

New methods of computation

1 We live in the age of great developments in science and engineering. More than two hundred years ago the invention of the textile machinery started the industrial revolution.

In less than a century machines were in use in all the branches of industry. They were to make all kinds of operations of a factory worker. In fact they could make them much better, much quicker and at a lower cost than factory workers did. Moreover, a machine could do work which a man was unable to do. Thus the first industrial revolution freed man’s hands from hard and monotonous labour.

2 At the end of World War II a second industrial revolution began. The invention of electronic computers makes it possible to free man’s brain from the labour of measurement and computation.

3 Accurate measurement and exact computation are the bases of modern engineering and scientific research therefore every engineer must determine accurately the amount of any change that his material has to undergo in different conditions, either in arctic cold or tropical heat.

4 Every scientist will make numerous computations before he can say that the results of his experiments are correct. Yet there exist complex computations in science and engineering which the scientists are unable to make because they are too long and too complicated. Here is an example, which can illustrate how much time some of them may take. For the accurate forecasting of the weather a meteorologist must make about one million of operations. In order to be able to forecast the weather one day in advance, he has to work with a numerous group of assistants for ten days. This is not the only example; there are many others. When the first electronic computers went into operation in 1945 their importance for science and engineering became at once evident. They can work very quickly and make no errors. Any computer is a machine that gives information. This is the only thing a computer does. A computer cannot create any new information, though it may transform it into a more useful form. By analogy we may call a computer a mathematical translator in the same sense that a translator takes information in some language and translates it into another.

Vocabulary:

Science – наука

Computation – вычисление, счет

Assistant – помощник, ассистент

Scientific research – научное исследование

Forecasting – прогноз

Engineering – техника

To create – творить, создавать

Numerous – многочисленный

2Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно:

1. What did the first revolution freed man’s hands from?

2. What are the bases of modern engineering?

3Определите функцию глаголовtobeиtohave. Переведите предложения.

1. He is an engineer at our company.

2. She is having tea with sugar and milk now.

3. You are to study better.

4. Oleg has four lessons a day.

4 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в указанном времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. He (to graduate) from the Moscow University - Present Perfect.

2. Our students (to pass) all examinations - Future Simple

3. The workers (to test) the equipment before the engineer came- Past Perfect

4. We (to listen) to our teacher at the lesson – Present Continuous

5. I (to invite) him to the birthday party – Past Simple

5Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. It is raining. You have to put on your raincoat.

2. Will you be able to finish the work in a week?

3. I could not solve the problem before she explained it to me.

4. He may go home if he likes.

5. Will all students be allowed to miss classes tomorrow?

6Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление глаголов вPassiveVoice.

1. The English lessons at our institute are attended by all our students.

2. Some new subjects have been studied by them.

3. The examinations will have been passed successfully.

4. Mobile phones were widely used in their every day life.

5. These grammar exercises are being written at the lesson now.

7Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на повелительное наклонение.

1. Открой новый файл в твоем компьютере.

2. Используйте словарь для перевода текста.

3. Помогите принести этот чемодан на платформу.

4. Выключи свет.

5. Поставь сумку на стол.