Вариант 3

1Переведите текст на русский язык письменно. Ответьте на вопросы после текста.

UNDERSTANDING ELECTRICITY

1. One great natural source of electricity is lightning. The dazzling flash of light we see during a thunderstorm is caused by the discharge of electricity from one cloud to another. Sometimes the discharge may be from a cloud to earth. In this case the electricity may pass through a tree or a house. When this happens we say that the house is struck by lightning. To avoid the risk of damage to buildings a lightning conductor is used. It is made from a metal rod, placed high on the building, which is connected by a thick conductor wire to a metal plate buries in the earth. If lightning strikes the building the charge is conducted safely to earth.

2. Electricity and magnetism are closely collected. Each may be used to produce the other. Around the poles of a magnet is an area called a magnetic field. In this area the magnet exerts its attraction. The directions of this attraction and the shape of the magnetic field are shown by lines of force. These lines of force can be seen if a small magnet is placed under a sheet of paper onto which iron filings are sprinkled.

3. When the electric current flows through conductor, a magnetic field is set up around it. The conductor becomes a magnet. If a conductor is made to rotate in the magnetic field, a pressure of electricity, called a voltage, is produced in it. This is the principle on which a dynamo produces electricity. Electricity flowing through a conductor may be likened to water flowing through a pipe. The amount of electricity, which flows, called the current, is measured in units called amps. The pressure of electricity, the voltage, is measured in volts.

4. Current, voltage and resistance bear a definite relationship to one another. Ohm's law tells us that current continuously to cope with this demand. There are certain times during the day when this demand for power is very high and other times when it may be very low. These are known as peak and off-peak periods, and they may vary in different parts of the country. In order to operate the power stations more efficiently and economically they are all connected to a grid system. This is a network of high voltage cables, which ensures a more even distribution of power all over the country.

Vocabulary:

Discharge – разряд

To happen – происходить

Direction – направление

Electric current – электрический ток

Conductor – проводник

Measure – мера

Voltage – напряжение

Resistance - сопротивление

2Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.

1. What is used to avoid the risk of damage to buildings?

2. What is the aim of the grid system?

3Определите функцию глаголовtobeиtohave. Переведите предложения.

1. He is a well known scientist.

2. The light was switched on at 5 o’clock.

3. You have to study better.

4. My friend has eight lessons a day.

4Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в указанном времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The scientists (work) at this problem – Future Simple

2. Sound waves (to travel) through the space – Past Continuous

3. He (to discuss) these questions with his partners – Past Simple

4. They (to build) many machines – Present Perfect

5. They boy (to print) the text next morning – Future Continuous

5Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты в предложениях, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. At the age of 16 pupils can leave school.

2. I’ll be able to answer you next Tuesday.

3. You should not talk at the lesson.

4. He can’t write English.

5. It was very dark and we had to take candles.

6Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление глаголов вPassiveVoice.

1. New electric plants will have been built in Hungary.

2. This method of research was invented by Russian engineers.

3. Scientific works are penetrating at our institute.

4. The questions of high education will be discussed at the meeting.

5. The ticket will be bought at the railway station.

7Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на повелительное наклонение.

1. Сохраните информацию в компьютере.

2. Печатай текст в этом файле.

3. Выключи свет.

4. Соедини два провода

5. Задайте вопросы.