m0970

7.The analysis indicated that women with full access to a personal motor vehicle have greater employment options and are more likely to be employed than those who do not.

8.He ordered the money withdrawn immediately.

9.More than half of the 1,900 city officials and employees required to complete ethics and financial disclosure forms fill out the forms incorrectly or not at all.

10.It may well be neither has a case to answer, but in the absence of a clarifying statement from the Financial Services Authority to this effect it seems unjust that Mr Cummings has been left to carry the can alone.

11.It is important that the company correct the mistakes in the contract.

12.He got the extension of his program through 03/01/2012 (March 1st).

13.Definitions of the term "trade catalog" vary, but in general, trade catalogs are printed materials published by manufacturing, wholesaling, or retailing firms.

14.We will discuss your project after all the applicants fill out their forms and take places in the conference hall.

15.The clause was stricken out.

16.During the last century most North American cities became increasingly personal motor vehicle oriented (for this analysis personal motor vehicle refers to cars, light trucks, vans, SUVs and even motorcycles).

Упражнение 2. Прочтите приведенные ниже тексты. К каким жанрам они относятся?

Кто авторы этих текстов: а) David Blanchflower (Bank needs governor with experience of how markets work. Economic Outlook // The Independent. Tuesday 02 October 2012) или б) Rita Nazareth (Bloomberg News, Monday, October 1, 2012)? Обоснуйте свой выбор.

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U.S. stocks rose, following the biggest weekly decline since June in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index, after a measure of manufacturing beat economists’ forecasts and concern about Europe’s debt crisis eased.

Equities pared gains as Apple Inc. reversed an earlier advance, weighing on technology shares. Bank of America Corp., Hewlett-Packard Co. and Alcoa Inc. rallied at least 1.3 percent to pace gains among the biggest companies. Goldman Sachs Group Inc. advanced 2.9 percent after a report said the stock will rise as much as 25 percent within a year. Ceradyne Inc. jumped 43 percent after 3M Co. agreed to buy the company for $860 million to expand its energy unit.

The S&P 500 rose 0.4 percent to 1,446.22 at 1:45 p.m. New York time, after rising as much as 1.1 percent earlier. The Dow Jones Industrial Average added 105.40 points, or 0.8 percent, to 13,542.53. The Nasdaq Composite Index fell 0.1 percent to 3,112. Trading in S&P 500 companies was 7.1 percent above the 30-day average at this time of day.

“The fact that manufacturing is beginning to recover will significantly reduce fears of a potential U.S. recession,” said James Paulsen, the chief investment strategist at Minneapolisbased Wells Capital Management. His firm oversees about $325 billion. “Fears regarding the euro zone have been diminishing in recent months and today represents another positive move in that direction.”

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Of course, to get the job the candidate presumably has to tell Mr Osborne what a great idea it was to set all of this up, and it is all going to figure out just fine, and quickly. It really does look like another shambles in the making.

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One of the difficulties in the United States is that an incoming president has to make several thousand political appointments to run the government, which takes a long time to do. The candidates have to be identified, then security cleared. About a third of them have to be confirmed by the Senate, which also takes a long time. This gives an added advantage to an incumbent president like Barack Obama. In the UK, there are many fewer political appointments on a change of government, and the civil service enables continuity. The newly constituted Bank of England, though, will not be fit for purpose for a year or two; the concern is that they will not be prepared if another big shock hits.

My advice to the new governor would be to stay well away from fiscal policy. What is needed is someone with practical experience of how the financial markets work, not some theoretical economist who knows how to write down mathematical squiggles, which was Sir Mervyn's background. The next governor probably will be an economist of some kind, and it is vital they have knowledge and experience of the real world, but above all they need to have clean hands.

It is important that they are interested in evidence and take note of what I call the economics of walking about – where you listen to what people say and take it seriously. Both Gus O'Donnell and Adair Turner pass these tests.

Упражнение 3. Три переводчицы предложили свои варианты передачи английских имен собственных на русском языке. Какие способы они использовали: транскрипцию, транслитерацию, перевод или их комбинацию?

Упражнение 4. При переводе русскоязычных материалов конференции переводчик столкнулся с проблемой передачи некоторых имен собственных на английском языке. Помогите ему справиться с этой проблемой.

The Sixth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Development in Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе was organized by ESCAP and held in Астане from 27 September to 2 October 2011.

The Committee elected the following officers: Chair: г-н Эрдем Диреклер (Турция) Vice-Chair: г-н Темир Ниязбеков (Кыргызстан)

г-н Юрий Башмер (Российская Федерация)

г-жа Снежана Устюжанина (Российская Федерация)

Rapporteurs: г-н Онон Рентседорж, Национальная Торгово-Промышленная Палата

Монголии г-н Владимир Береснев, ОАО «Нефтегазстрой-плюс»

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Attended by more than 800 participants and stakeholders, including ministers and heads of delegation from 46 ESCAP member States, it adopted three main outcome documents: (a) the Ministerial Declaration on Environment and Development in Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе, 2011; (b) the Regional Implementation Plan for Sustainable Development in Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе, 2011-2015; and (c) the Астана «Зеленый мост» Initiative: Europe-Asia-Pacific Partnership for the Implementation of «зеленого роста».

With regard to the Pacific subregion, the conference addressed issues faced by 12 members that are small island developing economies and 7 associate members of the Commission, as well as the subregion’s two developed countries: Australia and New Zealand. Among them are five countries considered least developed: Вануату, Кирибати, Самоа, Соломоновы Острова и Тувалу. With the exception of Папуа – Новой Гвинеи, which has a population of approximately 6 million, the other developing countries and territories in the subregion are small.

The Committee noted that in the Russian Federation, international corridors were priority projects in the Government’s program for the development of the transport sector up to the year 2030. In particular, ОАО «Российские железные дороги» was enhancing the role of railways for transit between Asia and Europe by upgrading transport capacity along Транссибирской магистрали through planned investment estimated at $2.3 billion.

Упражнение 5. Деловая игра «Америка? Европа?» На электронный адрес вашего коллеги, специализирующегося на переводе американских публикаций, пришли два текста от переводческого агентства «Тема и рема». Один – из американского источника, а другой – из европейского. Второй заказ коллега передал вам. Переведите свой текст на русский язык, обращая внимание на имена собственные.

Экономика. Финансы и кредит.

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That the USA and Asia have an enormous stake in their shared prosperity should go without saying: trans-Pacific economic integration is deep, and US leadership for more than one half century has supported the maintenance of a liberal global trade and financial system, the enabling framework in which Asia has experienced its spectacular development.

Looking forward, however, the relationship faces major challenges. In the short run, the global financial crisis, with its epicenter in the US, will have both a direct impact on Asian economic performance through trade and financial channels, as well as a longer-run impact on this event’s impact through induced policy changes in the US, regionally and globally. These developments in turn feed into the increasingly difficult long-term challenges of managing globalization and maintaining the open international economic order which has served American and Asian interests. Asia, with a large number of economies of widely varying sizes and income levels, encompasses enormous diversity. One implication is that while the process of growing regional trade and investment ties are forging a stronger regional identity than one that existed in the past, the national interests of Asian countries diverge on many specific policy issues, creating some paradoxical challenges for American policymakers: Asia’s heterogeneity militates against defining US economic policy in regional terms, yet the emergence in Asia of regional institutions and initiatives requires a US policy response.

Asian Economic Policy Review (2009) 4, 181–199

American Economic Relations with Asia

Marcus NOLAND

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The idea that the UK economy might be able to gain without pain suffered a reverse yesterday. First, the Confederation of British Industry’s (CBI) Industrial Trends survey showed that manufacturers were more pessimistic about exports than at any time in the last 18 years. Then, as if to confirm these fears, official figures showed a rapid widening of the trade deficit from £ 600 million in January to £ 1.7 milliard in February. The rise in the deficit was, to be sure, partly caused by special factors; and over six months the volumes of both imports and exports have been little changed. Even so, the CBI survey makes the latest trade data look very much like a flashing amber light. For much of last year, the resilience of UK Trading performance in the face of a steep rise in the value of sterling presented something of a puzzle. Has British industry become more competitive during the 1990s? Or was it living off the fat at big export margins achieved after the collapse of sterling? In either case, it was argued, manufacturers could withstand the stresses of high interest rates and a strong pound better

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than some of their apologists suggested. However, the trends survey, which has been a reliable indicator in the past, now points decisively downwards.

UK Trade. The Financial Times, 2010

Менеджмент.

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By the mid-1990s, it was becoming more and more obvious that since the late 1970s industrial relations in the UK had been transformed. Until the end of the 1980s, the view that emphasis should be placed on continuity rather than change had retained considerable appeal. As interpretations of the evidence from the 1984 Workplace Industrial Relations Survey (WIRS) gave way to work on its 1990 counterpart, however, the opposite viewpoint began to assert itself. That important changes had taken place was certainly the position taken by the WIRS researchers themselves. Other interpretations based on their data went along with this view. Purcell argued that what we were seeing was ‘the end of institutional mechanisms created over the last 100 years to bring order and stability to industrial relations’. Yet the search for a ‘new industrial relations’ to replace the old has not been particularly rewarding. One idea about change that has attracted a good deal of attention is the proposition that organizations and their managements are playing an increasingly important role in shaping industrial relations. Empirical support for some of the early formulations which prioritized the role of management was, however, problematic. Thus, more systematic evidence found even each of the individual elements of the package to be quite rare. Similarly, Legge raised the possibility of ‘macho management’, but, despite a number of high-profile examples, even those who might have been most keen to expose it were able to find little evidence of an ‘employers’ offensive’.

British Manufacturing Organizationand Workplace Industrial Relations: Some Attributes of the New Flexible Firm Stephen Ackroyd and Stephen ProcterBritish Journal of Industrial Relations 36:2 June 2008 0007–1080 pp. 163–183

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Back in the 1950’s, manufacturing was responsible for about 19% of gross domestic product (GDP) and employed some 30% of the workforce. Today, it is estimated to account for 11-17% of GDP, 13% of the workforce and some two-thirds of the nation’s industrial R&D. Although the U.S. continues to be the leading producer of high technology products, the question is now frequently raised as to whether manufacturing will continue to be the most important part of a world-class economy. To some, the answer must be an emphatic yes. To others, manufacturing is bound to lose its prominence as global competition shifts manufacturing action to low wage producers and emerging markets. To others yet, the answer depends on the ability of the traditional manufacturing industry to espouse a new business model where “the starting point is not making the good but service to enable the customer to get the fullest benefit from the goods” [Drucker, 1998]. It is within this continuing debate that this study was undertaken with the objective of developing a framework for evaluating future manufacturing businesses in the U.S. A simple framework was proposed and manufacturing businesses examined in light of it.

As a first step, a future that was not too distant (2010-15) was selected as a rough target to enable the focus to be on trends and responses that were already emergent and with impacts that were predictable with reasonable accuracy. A prospective evaluation was then undertaken to identify and evaluate a set of global environment drivers, that is external drivers, with the potential to influence the manufacturing firm in the future but which are outside of the firm’s control. Identified drivers include globalization, ecological awareness, demographics and technology.

FUTURE OF MANUFACTURING IN THE U.S.

Amine Lehtihet, David Wilson, and Gerald Susman

Smeal College of Business

The Pennsylvania State University

Prepared for National Institute of Standards and Technology

United States Department of Commerce

Under Contract # SB1341-03-Z-0015

Бухгалтерский учет и аудит.

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Accounting controls have always been important, and it is essential that Lean Accounting enhance these controls, and does not weaken them. It is important to bring the company's auditors into the

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Lean Accounting process at the earliest stages. A primary tool to ensure that Lean Accounting changes are made prudently is the

Transaction Elimination Matrix. Using the transaction elimination matrix we can determine what lean methods must be in place to enable us to eliminate traditional, transaction-based processes without jeopardizing financial (or operational) control. These decisions are made ahead of time and become a part of the overall lean transformation; in some cases driving the lean changes and improvements. The new Sarbanes Oxley regulations (SOX) are met by including SOX requirements in the standardized work whenever improvement projects are applied to the company's administrative processes. When process maps are drawn the SOX risks are included and color-coded, and any changes required to mitigate and test these risks are built into the improvement project or kaizen event. An important aspect of financial control is the evaluation of inventory. Lean manufacturing always leads to substantial inventory reductions. When inventories are low and under good control (using pull systems, single-piece flow, supplier partnerships, etc.), the valuation of inventory becomes much less complex.

Lean Accounting: What's It All About? Brian H. Maskell and Bruce L. Baggaley First Issue 2006

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Globalisation poses an undeniable thereat to the tax revenues of states in the developed world. Yet as the OECD secretariat points out in its news report on harmful tax competition, it has also prompted tax reforms that have broadened the tax base while reducing tax rates. This has minimised tax-induced distortions to trade and investments. The fear that corporation tax yields will be driven down to zero by harmful tax competition is also not wholly justified by the numbers. Taxes on corporate income within OECD have remained remarkably constant as a percentage of GDP over the past 20 years. Why, then, the deep antipathy, especially in Brussels, towards tax competition? One answer is that governments are finding it increasingly difficult to persuade citizens to finance high levels of public spending through high: taxation. They are thus more sensitive to the potential loss of marginal tax or revenue. It is no coincidence that the most vocal states on this score tend to be the ones whose spending takes a very high share of GDP. More fundamentally, the fear that tax rates will be bid downwards by global competition is, at least in the long run, well founded. The yield from capital taxes has certainly been eroded in some countries as a result of such pressure. And the preferential reliefs accorded to debt as against equity in all OECD countries ensures that corporation tax is becoming increasingly voluntary as corporate finances urge tax efficiency on their clients.

Good and bad. The Financial Times, 2010

Юриспруденция.

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Much current practice in firm governance, organization, and (not least) compensation comes from the fact that partners vigorously defend their rights to autonomy and individualism, well beyond what is common in other professions. There is nothing inherently wrong with that. However, as major corporations consolidate their work among a smaller number of firms, domestically and internationally, they expect that firms will serve them with effective cross-office and cross-disciplinary teams. Firms are vigorously responding to this with a stampede of lateral hires, mergers, and acquisitions. Their goal is to create big organizations offering many disciplines, locations, and cultures. The unanswered

– actually, barely asked – question is whether these firms can shift from a managerial approach, based on partner autonomy, to new approaches that can create a well-coordinated set of team players. Is the tradition of autonomy at the heart of a partner’s identity, or can it change? In addition to fighting vigorously to preserve their autonomy, lawyers are professional skeptics: They are selected, trained, and hired to be pessimistic and to spot flaws. To protect their clients, they place the worst possible construction on the outcome of any idea or proposal, and on the motives, intentions, and likely behaviors of those they are dealing with.

Are Law Firms Manageable? by David Maister 2006

http://davidmaister.com/articles/1/92/

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ARTICLE 1

GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.The Parties shall provide to each other, in accordance with this Treaty, comprehensive mutual legal assistance in criminal matters.

2.For the purposes of this Treaty, legal assistance in criminal matters shall mean any assistance provided by the Parties in connection with: prevention, suppression, and investigation of crimes; criminal prosecutions; and other proceedings related to such criminal matters.

3.Legal assistance shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty where the conduct that is the subject of the request constitutes a crime under the laws of both Parties. The Requested Party may, in its discretion, also provide legal assistance where the conduct that is the subject of the request would not constitute a crime under the laws of the Requested Party.

4.This Treaty is intended solely for cooperation and legal assistance between the Parties. The provisions of this Treaty shall not give rise to a right on the part of any other persons to obtain evidence, to have evidence excluded, or to impede the execution of a request.

5.For purposes of this Treaty, the term "person" shall mean both individuals and legal entities in the following articles: Article 1(4), Article 2(4), Article 5(3) subparagraphs 1-5, Article 10(1), Article 14, and Article 15(2).

MUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE

Treaty Between the

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and the RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Signed at Moscow June 17, 1999 with Related Notes

Упражнение 6. Дополнительно к переводу англоязычных материалов ваш коллега попросил вас сделать перевод списка литературы к русскоязычной статье научного сотрудника одной из университетских лабораторий. Опираясь на требования, изложенные в Приложении 1, выполните это задание. Проверьте себя в программе транслитерации www.translit.ru (стандарт BGN).

Литература

[1] Банки в посткризисной экономике: Россия и международная практика. Материалы Банковской Конференции в Сочи. 2010 г. http://www.asros.ru/media/File/news/BFI.pdf-0.pdf (дата обращения 20.05.2012).

[2] Жаворонкова И. Жанр кризиса//Банковское обозрение, 2011, № 8 (151).

[3] Изменение условий банковского кредитования в IV квартале 2010 года// Вестник Банка России. №17 (1260). 29 марта 2011 г.

[4] Круглый стол «Просроченная задолженность как фактор сдерживания модернизации экономики РФ», 11 марта 2011 года // http://www.arb.ru/site/action/list_news.php?id=4323 (дата обращения 20.05.2012).

[5] Коваленко Л., Тальская М. Какие банки нужны экономике? // «Банки и деловой мир», 2011, № 9 (152).

[6] Максимова М. После кризисного снижения Standard & Poor’s повысило прогноз российским банкам //"Банки и деловой мир", 2011, № 9 (152).

[7] Международная конвергенция измерения капитала и стандартов капитала: уточненные рамочные подходы // [Электронный ресурс] http://www.cbr.ru/today/pk/Basel.pdf (дата обращения

13.02.2011).

[8] Отчет о развитии банковского сектора и банковского надзора в 2010 году // [Электронный ресурс] URL: http://www.cbr.ru/publ/root_get_blob.asp?doc_id=9061, (дата обращения 22.04.2011). [9] Состояние банковского сектора в 2008 го-ду//Вестник Банка России. 2009. № 20 (1111)//www.cbr.ru (дата обращения 22.04.2011).

[10] Состояние банковского сектора России в 2010 году // Вестник Банка России, 2011, № 17 (1260), с. 3–12.

[11] Стандарт управления рисками. Институт риск-менеджмента, Ассоциация страховых и рисковых менеджеров и Национальный форум по управлению рисками в общественном секторе экономики. 2002. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.theirm.org/publications/documents/ ARMS_2002_IRM.pdf (дата обращения 05.04.2011).

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[12] Тосунян Г.А., Милюков А.И. и др. Вызов десятилетия: качество и доступность банковских услуг. Доклад на XXII съезде Ассоциации российских банков 5 апреля 2011 года. 29 с. / http://www.arb.ru/site/action/list_news.php?id=4323 (дата обращения 05.04.2011).

Урок 3. НАУЧНАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте предложения. Выделите речевые клише, характерные для жанра научной литературы. Найдите им соответствия в русском языке.

1.This paper offers an overview on how external costs of intermodal transport and unimodal road transport may be compared.

2.First, a brief review on the calculation and comparison of external costs of transport is given.

3.Next, two key models for the comparison of intermodal transport and unimodal road transport are discussed.

4.Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed on the second model.

5.According to Haezendonck en Coeck (2006), companies are confronted with a mobility paradox.

6.On the one hand, customers are expecting shorter and more flexible delivery times.

7.Furthermore, intermodal transport is assumed to be more environmentally friendly than unimodal road transport.

8.The objective of this paper is to review how external costs of rail transport and road transport may be compared.

9.It is shown that results from such a comparison are greatly influenced by the specific characteristics of the situation.

10.For a given load factor, external costs per ton-kilometer are higher when door-to-door distance is smaller.

11.As can be seen in figure 2, external costs per ton-kilometer decrease with increasing load factor for all door-to-door distances.

12.As was mentioned before, external costs of transport are very dependent on the situation in which they are caused.

13.As appears from table 1, for all the door-to-door distances (300 to 1300 km) the external costs of intermodal transport are higher than those of unimodal road transport.

14.This report discusses best practices for evaluating transit benefits.

15.In theory, high quality bus transit could also have these leverage effects, although to date only rail systems have achieved this at a regional scale in North America.

16.An important factor in transit evaluation is the degree to which a particular policy or program increases transit ridership and reduces overall vehicle travel, thereby reducing traffic problems such as congestion, parking costs and accidents.

17.In other words, rail transit reduces automobile travel in two different ways: directly when a traveler shifts a trip from automobile to rail, and indirectly when it creates more accessible land use and reduces automobile ownership in an area.

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18.A key question is whether new rail systems can affect transportation and land use patterns sufficiently fast enough to be considered worthwhile investments, since land use patterns generally change slowly.

19.Critics sometimes claim that rail transit does not reduce traffic congestion, ignoring the evidence presented in this and other studies (Litman 2006).

20.As described earlier, by attracting discretionary travelers, increasing transit ridership, and providing a catalyst for more efficient land use, rail transit provides various cost savings and efficiency gains.

21.The problems of the particular position that the tax law occupies in the context of the European Commission law are summarized on the next page.

22.The optimal capacities and the optimal cost calculated for each pair (cp,h) in the approximated system are examined in the following pages.

23.With regard to these matters, the European Commission has pointed out many times the necessity of removing the obstacles that the European multinationals have to face in their business activities, in order to create an effective and efficient internal market.

24.Thus, as we argue in this final chapter, this thesis not only shows that the theories, methods, and experimental results that travelled from psychology to economic have not been stable entities, but it also shows that the definition of economics has not been constant.

25.It is evident that this model can represent a long-term transitional instrument towards a solution to the actual tax obstacles in the internal market.

26.The foregoing statement explains why trans-Pacific economic integration is deep, and US leadership for more than one half century has supported the maintenance of a liberal global trade and financial system, the enabling framework in which Asia has experienced its spectacular development.

27.Let us assume that returns (rt) form a sequence of integer-valued random variables independent and identically distributed with probability distribution qr = p(rt = r), r = 0, … , (T2 –T1 + 1)D.

28.If we imagine the sales in a period are i, then the probability distribution of returns they generate is:

Упражнение 2. Определите, к какому типу текстов жанра научной литературы

(собственно-научному, научно-реферативному, научно-справочному, научно-учебному)

относятся следующие предложения. Обоснуйте свой выбор.

1.The purpose of this study is to design a responsive network for after-sale services of high-tech products.

2.Due to the continuous growth of freight transport, external costs caused by transport are rising.

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3.According to Haezendonck en Coeck (2006), companies are confronted with a mobility paradox.

4.This paper focuses not only on the environmental aspects of freight transport, but takes a broader perspective by looking at the external costs of freight transport.

5.As is shown in this section, the model proposed by Janic (2007) may be applied to calculate and compare the external costs of intermodal transport and unimodal road transport.

6.Germany’s total capital investments in urban mass transit (infrastructure and vehicles) amounted to $7.3 billion annually. Of that sum, about $3 billion went to the purchase of vehicles, split evenly into bus and rail vehicle purchases.24 (See Table 7.)

7.Benchmarking against past banking crises, US economy could continue shrinking into 2010, followed by slow recovery, and eventual increases in asset prices and employment, with housing prices taking the longest time to recover (Reinhart & Rogoff, 2008), though others have predicted a more rapid recovery (Bernanke, 2009; Mussa, 2009).

8.About 18% of total household expenditures are devoted to vehicles and transit fares.

9.So far, the only business transactions we have discussed are things that the organization owns, namely, assets.

10.While there is good understanding of the problems, there is not widespread understanding of the solutions. In September 2005, at the Lean Accounting Summit in Detroit, co-sponsored by AME, 1 a group of the conference presenters got together and decided to create a definition of Lean Accounting as it stands now.

11.The question arises, ‘What is the appropriate hurdle rate to use?’. The answer could be the marginal cost of borrowing.

12.Current RFID Vendors:

Semiconductors Manufacturers

Infineon Technologies – San Jose, CA

Philips Semiconductors

STMicroelectronics

TAGSYS – Doylestown, PA

Texas Instruments – Plano, TX.

13.Take auto ads. The typical one shows a new car racing 100 miles an hour around mountain bends.

14.Key parameters for increasing the competitiveness of intermodal transport regarding external costs are determined.

15.This study estimates the price effects of horizontal mergers in the U.S. grocery retailing industry.

16.Switzerland: In January 2001, trucks of maximum 35 tonnes weight were allowed on Swiss territory (previously 28 tonnes and a tax of 1.00 cent/tkm (for the vehicle middle emission category) was imposed on trucks above 3.5 tonnes on all roads. It replaced a previous fixed tax on heavy-duty vehicles. The tax is raised electronically. Since 2005, the tax is higher at 1.60 cent/tkm, but 40 tonnes trucks are allowed. Over the period 2001–2003, it

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was estimated that it contributed to an 11.9% decrease in vehicle-km and a 3.5% decrease in tonnes-km of domestic traffic.

Упражнение 3. Изучите предложенный отрывок текста научного жанра. Что это за текст? Что вы можете сказать о его авторе? Кто его реципиент? Сформулируйте коммуникативное задание текста. Проанализируйте состав информации, а также ее плотность на: а) синтаксическом уровне; б) семантическом уровне; в) прагматическом уровне эквивалентности. Используйте информацию Приложения 2.

Упражнение 4. Деловая игра «Помоги аспиранту».

12 Мая. В переводческое агентство «Тема и рема» обратились аспиранты Сибирского государственного университета путей сообщения. Для подготовки к публикации в международном научном журнале им необходимо перевести отрывки из научных статей. Директор агентства поручил своим внештатным сотрудникам выполнить этот заказ. Сделайте перевод текста по своей специальности на русский язык. Объедините все переводы в дайджест «Гуманитарные и экономические науки глазами переводчика в сфере профессиональный коммуникации».

Экономика. Финансы и кредит.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts that global financial output will fall by 1.3% in 2009, making it the worst year since the Great Depression (IMF 2009a). The origins of the current financial crisis reside primarily in developments in US financial markets. The development of highly complex financial instruments, many related to the securitization of mortgage lending, was abetted by unusually low interest rates as a result of a variety of factors including the Asian savings glut, and a bias toward monetary ease under the Greenspan Fed, which both facilitated borrowing in the first instance or primary sense, as well as encouraging excessive leverage among secondary market participants (Taylor, 2009).

The ratings agencies and regulators were asleep at the switch. In particular, the regulatory system of the USA was revealed to be fragmented and inadequate, particularly with respect to the so-called “second banking system” comprised of non-bank financial institutions such as hedge funds. Abundant liquidity and regulatory lassitude enabled criminal frauds on a grand scale, of which the Madoff and

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