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Мурманский арктический государственный университет

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581.5(470.22)

28.581(2 -6 )

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.	:				,
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:	,	.	,	.	,
,	,			.

E.V. Andrianova, T.Yu. Dyachkova

Petrozavodsk State University

Petrozavodsk, Russia

THE ANALYSIS OF FLORAS OF THE TWO LOCALITIES

OF THE NORTHERN KARELIA

Abstract. The species list of vascular plants of local floras of two localities of Northern Karelia – village Kuusiniemi and urban-type locality Kalevala – analyzed in the article. Taxonomical, typological and geographical analysis of the local flora has been conducted. The similarity of the floras on the of habitat types has been confirmed. Significant differences in the structure of species due to the different degree of anthropogenic transformation of the investigated territories were estimated.

Key words: Vascular plants, local floras, taxonomical, typological, geographical analysis, Northern Karelia.

30-

[1].

( )

			,				.							,
							.
	.						(		.		-	: 65°10 00 . .
	.						(		.			: 65°10 00 . .
31°29 00 .			.),											.
			(		.		: 65°12 00		.	. 31°10 00		.	),	.
														.
										.				-
										.	(	. 1).
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1.	.	1.	.	1.	ё	-	1.	-	1.			,	1.	-
2.	.						.					.		.
					.		2.	-	2.		.		2.	,
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					.				3.					.
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											.
	,						237							,
			64			,	47		,	7		,	5	.
							Magnoliophyta (							),
	Magnoliopsida (						) – 160			(	. 2).			2
					.									2
					.


Lycopodiophyta					2		2				3			4
Equisetophyta					1		1				1			4
Polypodiophyta					2		2				5			5

Pinophyta	1		1		2		3
Magnoliophyta	2		41		53		221
	Magnoliopsida		29		41		160
	Liliopsida		12		12		61
	7		47		64		237
		249					,
63	,	45		, 7		, 5	.
Magnoliopsida (	,				) – 172	(	. 3).
							3


Lycopodiophyta	1		1		2		3
Equisetophyta	1		1		1		4
Polypodiophyta	2		2		4		4
Pinophyta	1		1		2		3
Magnoliophyta	2		39		54		235
	Magnoliopsida		30		41		172
	Liliopsida		10		13		63
	7		45		63		249

.	.		– 201	,		– 206,
		85 83,7 %			(		. 1).

100%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%		83,7			85%
60%								и	и
50%

								и	и
40%


30%
20%
10%		16,3			15%
		16,3			15%
0%
0%		К			. К и и и
		К			. К и и и

		. 1.
		12		,
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	.
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123),	–	–	25% ( .		– 63	,
	– 64).		–
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	.	.			.
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			,
			(		. 2).
	–	40% ( .	– 94,		– 104	)
	).	35% ( .	– 92,			– 90
	).				3	,
					3	,
		:			(2007)
		(2008): Isoёtes lacustris L. –			(	: 3,
: 3(LC), Lobelia dortmanna L. –				(	: 3,	:
3(LC), Epilobium hornemannii Reichenb. –				(	: 3(NT).

. 2.
(KJ.	= 0.9)	.	.
(KJ.	= 0.9)	,	,
	.	, 12	,
	.
	,		,
			,

			.
1.	. .,	. .	//
			//
	.	.	.	. –
	, 2001. –	. 2. – . 59–64.
2.		. –	, 2007. – 368 .
3.		(	). –	.:

, 2008. – 885 .

582

28.59

N. Tkach, M.H. Hoffmann, M. Roeser

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden Halle, Germany

PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF LARGE HEMIPARASITIC

GENUS PEDICULARIS (OROBANCHACEAE)

Abstract. Article is devoted to taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical distribution of Pedicularis. For investigation were sampled more than 200 Pedicularis species from different sections worldwide. The molecular phylogeny based on nuclear ribosomal (ITS) and chloroplast (matK-trnK) markers resolved eight major clades, which showed little agreement with traditional classifications of the genus. Results shows that the major clades of Pedicularis reflect general biogeographical diversification patterns of the genus.

Key words: taxonomy, biogeography, hemiparasitic plants, nuclear ribosomal markers, ribosomal markers.

The large highly diverse hemiparasitic genus Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae) encompasses about 800 species, which are prevailingly distributed in the northern hemisphere. The species occupy different habitats and most of them occur in the high mountains of the Himalayas, Tian Shan, Caucasus and the Alps. Pedicularis shows a high morphological diversity, particularly in flower and vegetative characters.

The taxonomy of Pedicularis is complicated due the lack of a genus-wide monographic treatment and suffers from many different and barely compatible approaches to evaluate morphological characters of regionally delineated sets of species. To trace the phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical distribution of Pedicularis we sampled more than 200 Pedicularis species from different sections worldwide.

The molecular phylogeny based on nuclear ribosomal (ITS) and chloroplast (matK-trnK) markers resolved eight major clades, which showed little agreement with traditional classifications of the genus. Most traditional groups turned out to be paraor polyphyletic. The major clades of Pedicularis reflect general biogeographical diversification patterns of the genus. Species of the early diverging clade occur predominantly in North America and/or in East Asia. The distribution of species from six clades concentrates on the diversity hot spot of the genus, the Hengduan Mountains of south-western China and the Himalayas. About two thirds of the approximately 350 Pedicularis species of this area are endemic. Species of one clade are entirely absent from this region. This clade comprises species from Europe, North America, but also from northern and Central Asia.

598.2(470.21)

28.693.35

. .

. ,

–	.	.
.	12	.
.

R.V. Zhitova, M.N. Kharlamova

Murmansk Arctic State University Murmansk, Russia

THE COMPOSITION OF AVIFAUNA IN URBAN AREAS OF THE MURMANSK REGION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE VILLAGE OF UMBA IN THE WINTER

Abstract. Considered the main trends in the dynamics of avifauna in urban areas of the urban settlement of Umba (the Village Umba). The species composition of avifauna of the Umba Village in winter period was represented by 12 species. The avi-

fauna of the urban settlement of Umba in winter was compared with the data of previous researches. When comparing, a relative constancy of species composition in that period was observed.

Key words: avifauna, biodiversity, urban areas.

	.		,
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	12		:	(Anas platyrhynchos),		(Tetrastes
bonasia),			(Columba livia),		(Dendrocopos ma-
jor),	(Pica pica),			(Corvus (corone) cornix),
(Corvus corax),				(Parus montanus),
(Parus	major),			(Passer	domesticus),
	(Pyrrhula		pyrrhula),			(Carduelis
chloris).		[3]
		[3]				-
	,		,	2002 .	2,51;	2013 . –
2,79;			2014 .	–	2,56;
2016	. – 2,43.

t-	,		1.	,	, 2013 .
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								.
		.	.							.
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						.		, %		1
						.		, %

№
№					2002		2013		2014	2016
					2002		2013		2014	2016
1.	Anas plathyrhynchos				–		12		12	19
2.	Columba livia				–		14		17	22
3.	Pica pica				13		11		11	–
4.	Corvus cornix				16		15		19	12
5.		Parus major			19		12		13	–
6.		Passer domesticus			21		19		20	21

-2,43–2,27

.			2,6–3,0	[2],
	– 2,48–2,84 [4].		2,6–3,0	[2],
2013 .	– 2,48–2,84 [4].		,
2013 .		.	,
		.		,
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	.		:	,
,	,	.	.

						,				.
					,	.				-
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	,		,	[5, 7–9].
1.		. .								. – .:
-	, 1991. – 256 .
2.	. .							. –		//
								. –
				, 2008. –		. 6. –	. 50–54.
3.					(	,		,	,	) /
.	,	.		,	.			. –	:
	. .		, 2002. – 45 .			«		» . .
4.	. .					«		» . .		//
68–71.	:	.						. –	, 2012. – .
68–71.	. .					//		-2000.
5.	. .					//		-2000.
				. –	:	, 2000. –		. 159–161.
6.	A.C.,		.X.,		. .			//
								//
		:	.	. –		, 1991. –	. 19–20.
7.	. .						//
	. – 2008. – . 15. – № 1. –				. 123–132.
8.	.	.,		. .
				//		.	.	. – 2011.		– № 7. –

.79–84.

9.Sasvari L. Interinolividualis veselkedes mint tarsasdinamikai teneeso a modarpopulacioban // Mady. Pszishol. szemee, 1977. – Vol. 36. – № 3. – P. 238–249.

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