Лекции и пособия / Proizvodstvo_kamennyh_rabot

ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɨɧɚɯ ɤɢɪɩɢɱ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɹɡɤɨɣ ɢ ɜ «ɟɥɤɭ». ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟ.

ɉɚɤɟɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɞɞɨɧɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɛɪɭɫɤɚɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɢɥɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɨɞɯɜɚɬɨɦ, ɚ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɨɧɚɯ ɫ ɤɪɸɤɚɦɢ – ɤɥɟɳɟɜɵɦ ɩɨɞɯɜɚɬɨɦ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɨɧɚɯ ɧɚ ɛɪɭɫɤɚɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɩɨɞɯɜɚɬ-ɮɭɬɥɹɪ, ɚ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɫ ɤɪɸɤɚɦɢ – ɡɚɯɜɚɬɮɭɬɥɹɪ.

Ɋɚɫɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ. Ʉɢɪɩɢɱ ɪɚɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɟ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ:

–ɞɥɹ ɥɨɠɤɨɜɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ – ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɟɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɭɝɥɨɦ ɤ ɧɟɣ;

–ɞɥɹ ɬɵɱɤɨɜɵɯ – ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɨɫɢ ɫɬɟɧɵ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɟɧ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɨɬ 2 ɤɢɪɩɢɱɟɣ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɵɱɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɫɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɫɬɨɩɤɚɦɢ ɩɨ 2 ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɨɫɢ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɨɩɤɚɦɢ 1/2 ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ 45° ɤ ɨɫɢ ɫɬɟɧɵ; ɞɥɹ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɥɨɠɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɫɬ – ɫɬɨɩɤɚɦɢ ɩɨ 2 ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ 45° ɤ ɧɟɣ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɨɩɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɞɢɧ ɤɢɪɩɢɱ.

ɇɚ ɫɬɟɧɚɯ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 11/2 ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɵɱɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɢ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɬɨɩɤɚɦɢ ɩɨ 2 ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ, ɨɞɧɚ ɜɩɥɨɬɧɭɸ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ ɫɬɟɧɵ; ɞɥɹ ɥɨɠɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɧɨ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɨɩɤɚɦɢ 1 ɤɢɪɩɢɱ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɟɧ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɜ 1 ɤɢɪɩɢɱ ɩɪɢ ɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɥɨɠɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɫɬɨɩɤɚɦɢ ɩɨ 2 ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɟɟ ɨɫɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɨɩɤɚɦɢ 1 ɤɢɪɩɢɱ; ɞɥɹ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɬɵɱɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ – ɧɚ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɟɟ ɨɫɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɨɩɤɚɦɢ 1/2 ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɟɧ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɨɤ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 1/2 ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɤɢɪɩɢɱ ɪɚɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɞɪɭɝ ɡɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ.

Ɋɚɫɤɥɚɞɤɭ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ, ɨɬɫɬɭɩɹ ɧɚ 50…60 ɫɦ ɨɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɬɵ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ. ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɪɚɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɤɢɪɩɢɱ ɧɟ ɦɟɲɚɟɬ ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤɭ ɪɚɡɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɤ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ.

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Ɋɚɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɹ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɟ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɤ ɮɚɫɚɞɭ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɵ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɬɤɨɥɨɜ.

§ 4.2. ɉɨɞɚɱɚ, ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ

ɉɨɞɚɱɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ. ɉɪɢ ɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɢɡ ɲɬɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɪ-

ɩɢɱɚ 25% ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ. Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɨɞɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɚɯ, ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɫɚɦɨɫɜɚɥɚɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɪɭɠɚɸɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɛɭɧɤɟɪɚ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶ-ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɠɚɬɟɥɶ.

ȼɡɨɧɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɠɚɸɬ

ɜɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɹɳɢɤɢ-ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɞɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤɨɜ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɹɳɢɤɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ 0,38…0,15 ɦ3, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɦ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɱɚɫɨɜ. ɂɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɹɳɢɤɚ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɛɪɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɩɪɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ 3…5 ɦ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɤ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɛɭɧɤɟɪɚ. Ȼɭɧɤɟɪ, ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ, ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɤɪɚɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɞ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɦ ɹɳɢɤɨɦ ɢ ɜɵɝɪɭɠɚɸɬ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɹɬ ɛɭɧɤɟɪ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɨɦɭ ɹɳɢɤɭ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɧɤɟɪɚ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɱɟɬɵ- ɪɟ-ɩɹɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɹɳɢɤɨɜ.

Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤɨɜ – ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶ, ɝɞɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɧɚɫɨɫ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɬɨɹɤɚɦ ɢ ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɵɦ ɲɥɚɧɝɚɦ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɹɳɢɤɢ ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤɨɜ. ɂɡɥɢɲɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɭ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɭɧɤɟɪ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɚ.

Ɋɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɟɥɢ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥ-

ɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɦɭ ɩɨ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ, ɛɭɞɭɬ ɥɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɛɠɚɬɢɟ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜ ɤɥɚɞɤɟ.

Ʉɚɦɟɧɳɢɤ 2-ɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɩɨɞɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɭ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɝɪɹɞɤɨɣ. Ɉɧ ɫɥɟɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɝɪɹɞɤɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɲɢɪɢɧɭ. Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤ ɪɚɡɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɟɥɶɦɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɥɨɠɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɟɪ-

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ɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɥɨɩɚɬɨɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɪɹɞɤɢ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ 80…100 ɦɦ, ɞɥɹ ɬɵɱɤɨɜɨɝɨ — 200…220 ɦɦ. ɉɪɢ ɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɜɩɭɫɬɨɲɨɜɤɭ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɸɬ ɫ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɨɦ ɨɬ ɥɢɰɚ ɜɟɪɫɬɵ ɧɚ 20…30 ɦɦ. ɉɪɢ ɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɫ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɲɜɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɸɬ ɫ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɨɦ ɨɬ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɧɚ 10…15 ɦɦ. Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɝɪɹɞɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ, ɭɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɟ, ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ 20…25 ɦɦ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɲɜɚ 10…12 ɦɦ.

Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɥɨɩɚɬɨɣ ɫɨɜɤɨɜɨɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɜɤɨɦ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɟɧɤɨ (ɪɢɫ. 4.1ɚ). ȼɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɜɤɚ ɬɚɤɨɜɚ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɢ 8…10 ɤɢɪɩɢɱɟɣ (ɪɢɫ. 4.1ɜ). ɉɪɢ ɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɨɤ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɜ 1/2 ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɥɨɬɨɤ

(ɪɢɫ. 4.1ɛ).

ɜ)

ɚ– ɫɨɜɨɤ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɟɧɤɨ; ɛ – ɥɨɬɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɨɤ;

ɜ– ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɜɤɨɦ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɟɧɤɨ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 4.1 – ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ

ɉɪɢ ɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɫɬɟɧ ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɩɨɞ ɥɨɠɤɨɜɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ (ɪɢɫ. 4.2ɚ) ɱɟɪɟɡ ɛɨɤɨɜɭɸ ɝɪɚɧɶ ɥɨɩɚɬɵ, ɚ ɩɨɞ ɬɵɱɤɨɜɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ – ɱɟɪɟɡ ɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ; ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɭɸ ɝɪɹɞɤɭ ɪɚɡɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɬɵɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɥɨɩɚɬɵ

(ɪɢɫ. 4.2ɛ).

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ɉɪɢ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɡɚɛɭɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɧɚɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɥɨɩɚɬɨɣ ɜ «ɤɨɪɵɬɨ», ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɟɪɫɬɚɦɢ, ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɵɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɥɨɩɚɬɵ.

ɉɪɢ ɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɫɬɨɥɛɨɜ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ (ɞɨ 3×4 ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ) ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɩɨɞɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭ ɫɬɨɥɛɚ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɸɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɤɟɥɶɦɨɣ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɪɹɞɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ. ɉɪɢ ɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɫɬɨɥɛɨɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɸɬ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɟɧ.

ɚ – ɞɥɹ ɥɨɠɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ; ɛ – ɞɥɹ ɬɵɱɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 4.2 – Ɋɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɥɨɩɚɬɨɣ

ɇɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɵɦɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɸɬ ɤɟɥɶɦɨɣ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɛɟɪɭɬ ɫɨ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɠɟ ɫ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɜɟɪɫɬɵ, ɤɭɞɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɩɨɞɚɸɬ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ.

ȽɅȺȼȺ V. ɄɅȺȾɄȺ ɇȺɊɍɀɇɕɏ ɋɌȿɇ

ɋ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ 2009 ɝɨɞɭ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɢɡ ɲɬɭɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɜ 1,6 ɪɚɡɚ ɞɨ 3,2 ɦ2 °ɋ/ȼɬ [10] ɜ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɦ ɤ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ.

1). Ɇɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɚɹ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɧɚɹ ɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɫɬɟɧ ɫ ɩɥɢɬɧɵɦ ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɢɛɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ ɢɡ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ.

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2). Ɉɞɧɨɫɥɨɣɧɚɹ ɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɫɬɟɧ ɢɡ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɲɬɭɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ: ɛɥɨɤɢ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɟɥɵɟ (ɋɌȻ 1719) ɢ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ (ɋɌȻ

1117).

§5.1. Ɇɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɚɹ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɧɚɹ ɤɥɚɞɤɚ

ɫɩɥɢɬɧɵɦ ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ

Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ. ɇɚɪɭɠɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɪɟɯɫɥɨɣɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ. ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɜɟɪɫɬɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ 380 ɦɦ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɟɥɨɝɨ ɭɬɨɥɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɦɚɪɤɢ ɄɊɉɍ -125/35. ɇɚɪɭɠɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɬɚ (ɨɛɥɢɰɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ) ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 120 ɦɦ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɟɥɨɝɨ ɭɬɨɥɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɢ ɄɅɉɍ -125/35 (ɋɌȻ 1160-99) ɢɥɢ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɟɥɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɭɬɨɥɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɋɌȻ 1228-2000. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɥɢɬɧɵɣ ɩɟɧɨɩɨɥɢɫɬɢɪɨɥ ɢ ɪɟɠɟ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɚɬɧɵɟ. Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɦɚɹ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɩɥɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 140 ɦɦ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɥɢɬ ɩɟɧɨɩɨɥɢɫɬɢɪɨɥɚ ɜ ɝɥɭɯɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɟ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɫɟɱɤɢ (ɤɟɪɚɦɡɢɬɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɹɫɚ) ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ 6 ɦ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɩɥɢɬɧɵɦ ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɥɢɰɨɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɭɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɣɤɚ, ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 50 ɦɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɣɤɢ ɜ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞ ɨɤɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɟɦɚɦɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɯɢ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ. ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɯɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɟɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɨɛɥɢɰɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ ɜ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɯɨɜ ɭɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɪɭɥɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ 3000 ɦɦ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɩɨɹɫɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɯɭ ɷɬɚɠɚ ɢ ɧɚɞ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɵɦɢ ɤɟɪɚɦɡɢɬɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɹɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɧɢɡɭ ɷɬɚɠɚ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 580 ɦɦ, ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 6 ɦɦ (ɋɌȻ 1103). Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɤɟɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɨɞɟ-ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɲɚɣɛɵ (ȽɈɋɌ 11371). ɒɚɣɛɵ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɜ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɚɧɤɟɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɵ ɳɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɫ ɡɚɞɟɥɤɨɣ ɳɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɲɚɣɛɨɣ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ. Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɲɜɨɜ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢɡ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ 12 ɦɦ. ɇɚ 1 ɦ3 ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 690 ɦɦ ɫ ɝɢɛ-

54

ɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ ɢɡ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ 0.16…0.18 ɦ3 ɤɥɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ.

Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɫɨ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ ɢ ɭɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɥɢɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ (ɪɢɫ. 5.1ɚ).

ɚ– ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ; ɛ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ

1– ɤɢɪɩɢɱ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɣ (ɧɚɪɭɠɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɬɚ); 2 – ɮɢɤɫɚɬɨɪ ɢɡ ɩɥɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɹ; 3 – ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɣɤɚ; 4 – ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɥɢɬɧɵɣ; 5 – ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɜɟɪɫɬɚ;

6 – ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 5.1 – Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɫ ɩɥɢɬɧɵɦ ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɛɨɬ. Ⱦɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɵ ɜɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɰɢɤɥɭ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ:

–ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ ɩɨɞ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɢ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɵ;

–ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ, ɩɪɨɲɥɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 3 ɫɭɬɨɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;

–ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɭɝɥɨɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɨɛɪɟɡ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɵɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɨɫɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ;

–ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ, ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɹ.

Ʉɥɚɞɤɭ ɬɪɟɯɫɥɨɣɧɵɯ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ: 5-ɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ – 1 ɱɟɥ. (ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜɨɣ), 4-ɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ – 2 ɱɟɥ., 3-ɝɨ

55

ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ – 3 ɱɟɥ. Ɂɜɟɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɫɬɟɧ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɜɟɧɶɹ «ɞɜɨɣɤɢ». Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ «ɞɜɨɣɤɚ». Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ «ɞɜɨɣɤɚ» ɜ ɡɜɟɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ:

–ɩɟɪɜɚɹ – ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤɥɚɞɤɭ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɬɵ (ɨɛɥɢɰɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ), ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɟ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɸ;

–ɜɬɨɪɚɹ – ɜɟɞɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɩɥɢɬ ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɹ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɯ ɨɬɫɟɱɟɤ;

–ɬɪɟɬɶɹ – ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤɥɚɞɤɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɜɟɪɫɬɵ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɨɤ ɩɨɞ ɨɤɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɟɦɚɦɢ.

ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɜɟɧɚ «ɲɟɫɬɟɪɤɚ» ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 5.2.

1 – ɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɬɵ ɢɡ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ; 2 – ɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɜɟɪɫɬɵ ɢɡ ɪɹɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ; 3 – ɪɚɫɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɜɟɪɫɬɟ,

4 – ɪɚɫɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɪɹɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɬɟ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 5.2 – ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɜɟɧɚ "ɲɟɫɬɟɪɤɚ"

Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ.

Ʉɥɚɞɤɭ ɫɬɟɧ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɫ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɭɝɥɨɜ (ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤ 5 ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ) ɢ «ɦɚɹɱɧɵɯ» ɩɪɨɫɬɟɧɤɨɜ (ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤɢ 4 ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ). Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ ɢ «ɦɚɹɱɧɵɦɢ» ɩɪɨɫɬɟɧɤɚɦɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 12 ɦ. ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɭɝɥɨɜ ɢ «ɦɚɹɱɧɵɯ» ɩɪɨɫɬɟɧɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɤ ɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɬɵ (ɨɛɥɢɰɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ). Ɋɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɡɜɟɧɨ «ɞɜɨɣɤɚ» ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ: ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤ 5-ɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ (Ʉ1) ɢ ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤ 3-ɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ (Ʉ4).

ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɬɵ (ɨɛɥɢɰɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ) ɫɬɟɧ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ.

Ⱦɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɭɝɥɚɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ «ɦɚɹɱɧɵɯ» ɩɪɨɫɬɟɧɤɚɯ ɢ ɧɚɬɹɝɢɜɚɸɬ ɲɧɭɪ-ɩɪɢɱɚɥɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɲɧɭɪ-ɩɪɢɱɚɥɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɢɫɚɥ, ɩɨɞ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɦɚɹɤ. Ʉɥɚɞɤɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɢɰɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɪɹɞɨɜ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɹɡɤɢ ɲɜɨɜ - ɨɞɧɨɪɹɞɧɚɹ (ɰɟɩɧɚɹ).

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Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ. Ʉɚɦɟɧɳɢɤ (Ʉ4) ɪɚɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɪɩɢɱ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɹ 2…2,5 ɫɦ. Ɂɜɟɧɶɟɜɨɣ (Ʉ1), ɪɚɡɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɟɥɶɦɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 50…60 ɫɦ ɢ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɪɩɢɱ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɦ «ɜɩɪɢɠɢɦ». Ʉɚɦɟɧɳɢɤ (Ʉ4) ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɯɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɟ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɤɢ; ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ (Ʉ1) ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɸ ɩɨɞ ɩɪɨɞɭɯɚɦɢ ɧɚɞ ɤɟɪɚɦɡɢɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɨɹɫɚɦɢ.

ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɬɵ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 2…2,5 ɦ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ «ɞɜɨɣɤɚ» ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤɚ 4-ɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ (ɄɁ) ɢ ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤɚ 3-ɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ (Ʉ6). ɗɬɨ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ: ɧɚɪɟɡɚɟɬ ɮɢɤɫɚɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɬ ɢɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ; ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɟ ɨɬɫɟɱɤɢ ɢɡ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɥɢɬ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɜɟɪɫɬɟ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ.

ɉɥɢɬɵ ɩɟɧɨɩɨɥɢɫɬɢɪɨɥɚ ɧɚɪɟɡɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɫɬɚɧɤɨɦ ɫ ɧɢɯɪɨɦɨɜɨɣ ɧɢɬɶɸ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɤɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɡɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɩɥɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɧɚɪɟɡɚɸɬ ɮɢɤɫɚɬɨɪɵ (ɞɜɚ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ, ɞɜɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ) ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ 100×100×50 ɦɦ.

ɇɢɠɧɢɟ ɮɢɤɫɚɬɨɪɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɬɨɣ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɥɢɬɨɣ ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɹ, ɭɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɧɟɟ. ȼɟɪɯɧɢɟ ɮɢɤɫɚɬɨɪɵ ɤɪɟɩɹɬ ɤ ɩɥɢɬɟ ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɝɜɨɡɞɹɦɢ, ɧɟ ɜɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɹ ɲɥɹɩɤɢ ɝɜɨɡɞɟɣ ɧɚ 1 ɫɦ. ɉɥɢɬɵ ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɮɢɤɫɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɩɥɨɬɧɭɸ ɤ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɬɟ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ. ɉɥɢɬɵ ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɜ ɤɥɚɞɤɟ.

ɋɬɟɤɥɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɜɚɯ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 250 ɦɦ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɢ, ɡɚɞɟɥɵɜɚɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɭ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɫ ɡɚɚɧɤɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɲɚɣɛɨɣ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ. ɒɚɝ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɩɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1ɦ. ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɧɚ 1ɦ2 ɫɬɟɧɵ – ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 6 ɲɬ.

ɉɪɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɫ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɩɪɨɥɚɤɬɚɦɚ ɓɋɉɄ, Ɍɍ 113-03-488-84, ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬ ʋ 2445198, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɉȺ «Ⱥɡɨɬ» ɝ. Ƚɪɨɞɧɨ) ɬɨɪɰɵ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɦɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɛɢɬɭɦɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɬɢɤɨɣ (Ɍɍ 400-1-51).

ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɢ ɩɥɢɬ ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 2…3 ɦ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɬɶɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ «ɞɜɨɣɤɚ» ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤɚ 4-ɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ (Ʉ2) ɢ ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤɚ 3-ɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ (Ʉ5). Ɉɧɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɤɥɚɞɤɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɜɟɪɫɬɵ. Ʉɚɦɟɧɳɢɤ (Ʉ5) ɪɚɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɹɞɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɪɩɢɱ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɝɪɹɞɤɨɣ, ɨɬɫɬɭɩɚɹ

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ɨɬ ɝɪɚɧɢ ɫɬɟɧɵ 2…3 ɫɦ. Ʉɚɦɟɧɳɢɤ (Ʉ2) ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤɥɚɞɤɭ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɦ «ɜɩɪɢɠɢɦ», ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤ (Ʉ5) ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɩɨɞ ɨɤɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɟɦɚɦɢ

ȼɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢɦ ɪɭɱɧɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ: ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɧɚ 1 ɦ3 ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 7,4…8,2 ɱɟɥ./ɱɚɫ.

ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɦɚɲɢɧ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɫ ɭɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɥɢɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɢɫɬɢɪɨɥɨɦ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ Ⱦ.

§ 5.2. Ʉɥɚɞɤɚ ɧɟɫɭɳɢɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɢɡ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɟɥɵɯ

Ɏɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɟɥɵɯ (ɋɌȻ-1719–2007) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɜɨɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɭɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɷɬɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ (ɞɨ 5 ɷɬɚɠɟɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ). Ȼɥɨɤɢ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ (Ȝ = 0,25 ȼɬ/ɦ·°ɋ), ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɛɥɨɤ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɟɥɵɣ ɩɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɢ Ʉɉɉɉ ɫ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ 510×250×138 ɦɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɛɟɡ ɢɯ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɛɥɨɤ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɪɤɢ Ʉɉɉɉ 510×250×138 ɪɚɜɟɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 9-ɬɢ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɢ ɥɨɠɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɟɛɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɞɨɱɧɵɟ ɲɜɵ, ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ 1 ɦ3 ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɢɡ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ (ɋɌȻ-1719–2007), ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶɫɹ.

Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɇɁɌ ɫɛ. ʋ3 [14] ɧɨɪɦ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɧɚ 1 ɦ3 ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɟɥɵɯ ɩɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɢ Ʉɉɉɉ, ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ.

Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɢɡ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɟɥɵɯ ɩɚɡɨɜɵɯ. ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɟɡ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ, ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɣ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɚɧɨɫɹɬ ɬɨɧɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɤɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɥɨɣ ɪɭɥɨɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ (ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɚɹ ɩɥɟɧɤɚ) – ɜɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɨɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ 2…3 ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɚ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɢɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɣ ɤɥɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ

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ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɭ ɨɛɪɟɡɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɤɥɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɧɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɳɟɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɛɥɨɤɭ ɧɟ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ.

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢ ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɸ ɤɢɹɧɤɭ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ, ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɞɜɢɝɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɡ-ɝɪɟɛɟɧɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ. ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɟɧ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɹɡɤɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ. ɋɞɜɢɝ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,4×h, ɝɞɟ h – ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɛɥɨɤɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɭ ɫɬɟɧ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɸɬ ɧɚ 12 ɱɚɫɨɜ. ɂ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ. ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɨɬɜɟɫɚ ɢ ɲɧɭɪɚ-ɩɪɢɱɚɥɤɢ. Ɉɬɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɹɧɤɢ.

Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɢɡ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɟɥɵɯ ɦɚɪɤɢ Ʉɉɉɉ510×250×138 ɦɦ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 5.3.

1 – ɛɥɨɤ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɟɥɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɢ Ʉɉɉɉ510×250×138 ɦɦ; 2 – ɤɥɚɞɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ; 3 – ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɚɹ ɩɥɟɧɤɚ; 4 – ɲɧɭɪ-ɩɪɢɱɚɥɤɚ;

5 – ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɹɧɤɚ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 5.3 – Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɟɥɵɯ

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