Selected References

Normal Anatomy of the Ventricles and Cisterns

Stratchko L et al: The ventricular system of the brain: anatomy and normal variations. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 37(2):72-83, 2016

Choroid Plexus, CSF, and Brain Interstitial Fluid

Bakker EN et al: Lymphatic clearance of the brain: perivascular, paravascular and significance for neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 36(2):181-94, 2016

Cherian I et al: Exploring the Virchow-Robin spaces function: a unified theory of brain diseases. Surg Neurol Int. 7(Suppl 26):S711S714, 2016

Normal Variants

Asymmetric Lateral Ventricles

Barzilay E et al: Fetal brain anomalies associated with ventriculomegaly or asymmetry: an MRI-based study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 38(2):371-375, 2017

Nigri F et al: Hydrocephalus caused by unilateral foramen of Monro obstruction: a review on terminology. Surg Neurol Int. 7(Suppl 12):S307-13, 2016

Cavum Septi Pellucidi and Vergae

Saba L et al: MR and CT of brain's cava. J Neuroimaging. 23(3):32635, 2013

Cavum Velum Interpositum

Tubbs RS et al: Cavum velum interpositum, cavum septum pellucidum, and cavum vergae: a review. Childs Nerv Syst. 27(11):1927-30, 2011

Enlarged Subarachnoid Spaces

Fingarson AK et al: Enlarged subarachnoid spaces and intracranial hemorrhage in children with accidental head trauma. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 19(2):254-258, 2017

Tucker J et al: Macrocephaly in infancy: benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces and subdural collections. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 1-5, 2016

1155

Hong J et al: Surgical management of arrested hydrocephalus: case report, literature review, and 18-month follow-up. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 151:79-85, 2016

Overproduction Hydrocephalus

Cox JT et al: Choroid plexus hyperplasia: a possible cause of hydrocephalus in adults. Neurology. 87(19):2058-2060, 2016

Karimy JK et al: Cerebrospinal fluid hypersecretion in pediatric hydrocephalus. Neurosurg Focus. 41(5):E10, 2016

Spennato P et al: Acute triventricular hydrocephalus caused by choroid plexus cysts: a diagnostic and neurosurgical challenge. Neurosurg Focus. 41(5):E9, 2016

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Yin LK et al: Reversed aqueductal cerebrospinal fluid net flow in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurol Scand. ePub, 2017

Daou B et al: Revisiting secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus: does it exist? A review. Neurosurg Focus. 41(3):E6, 2016

Keong NC et al: Imaging normal pressure hydrocephalus: theories, techniques, and challenges. Neurosurg Focus. 41(3):E11, 2016

Syndrome of Inappropriately Low-Pressure Acute Hydrocephalus

Barami K et al: The cerebral venous system and the postural regulation of intracranial pressure: implications in the management of patients with cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Childs Nerv Syst. 32(4):599-607, 2016

Hamilton MG et al: Syndrome of inappropriately low-pressure acute hydrocephalus (SILPAH). Acta Neurochir Suppl. 113:155-9, 2012

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Chan JW: Current concepts and strategies in the diagnosis and management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in adults. J Neurol. ePub, 2017

Hartmann AJ et al: Imaging features of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in children. J Child Neurol. 32(1):120-126, 2017

Matloob SA et al: Effect of venous stenting on intracranial pressure in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Acta Neurochir (Wien). ePub, 2017

Hydrocephalus

Intraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus

Langner S et al: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hydrocephalus in adults. Rofo. ePub, 2017

Bir SC et al: Epidemiology of adult-onset hydrocephalus: institutional experience with 2001 patients. Neurosurg Focus. 41(3):E5, 2016

Desai B et al: Hydrocephalus: the role of cerebral aquaporin-4 channels and computational modeling considerations of cerebrospinal fluid. Neurosurg Focus. 41(3):E8, 2016

Kestle JR et al: Introduction: Pediatric hydrocephalus: a continuing evolution in our understanding and management. Neurosurg Focus. 41(5):E1, 2016

Extraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus

Bir SC et al: Epidemiology of adult-onset hydrocephalus: institutional experience with 2001 patients. Neurosurg Focus. 41(3):E5, 2016

Raper DMS et al: Effect of body mass index on venous sinus pressures in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients before and after endovascular stenting. Neurosurgery. ePub, 2017

CSF Shunts and Complications

Lollis SS et al: Programmable CSF shunt valves: radiographic identification and interpretation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 31(7):1343-6, 2010

CSF Leaks and Sequelae

Intracranial Hypotension

Holbrook J et al: Imaging of intracranial pressure disorders. Neurosurgery. 80(3):341-354, 2017

Capizzano AA et al: Atypical presentations of intracranial hypotension: comparison with classic spontaneous intracranial hypotension. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 37(7):1256-61, 2016

Kranz PG et al: Time-dependent changes in dural enhancement associated with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 207(6):1283-1287, 2016