Пособия / Techical English Basics. Основы технического английского

1. She (go) to school every day.

2.We (learn) English now.

3.The sun always (shine) in Egypt.

4.I (sit) on a chair and (eat) a banana.

5.Bad students never (work) hard.

6.It (rain) in winter. It (rain) now.

7.He usually (sing) in English but today he (sing) in French.

IV. Проанализируйте формы местоимений ‘much, many, a lot, little, few’.

1. We spend a lot of money. 1. He drinks little beer. (=not much) 2. Are there many people there? 2. There’s a little wine left. (=some,

indefinite)

3. We haven’t got much time. 3. Few students are present. (=not many)

4. How much does it cost? 4. A few students are present. (=some, indefinite)

5.He hasn’t got many friends.

V. Напишите следующие предложения в отрицательной форме, употребив ‘much’ или ‘many’.

e.g. I’ve got a lot of time. – I haven’t got much time.

1. There are a lot of people in the street.

2.I take lots of photos while I am on holiday.

3.He always gives me lots of help.

4.They’ve got a lot of whisky.

5.You can see a lot of animals in the Zoo.

6.He can drink a lot of wine.

7.There is a lot of blood on his face.

VI. Заполните пропуски, употребляя ‘a little’ или ‘a few’.

2.I take..... sugar in my coffee.

3.There are..... clouds in the sky.

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4.We can see..... shops along the street.

5.Would you like..... more ice cream?

VII. Заполните пропуски, употребляя ‘much, many, a lot of, a little, a few’.

Иногда возможны несколько вариантов.

1. There is..... snow on the roof.

2.He has..... English books.

3.There are..... flowers in this vase. Take..... for your wife.

4.Now there is..... water in the river.

5.There isn’t..... rice left.

6.He earns..... money in his job.

7.She’s got..... classical music records.

UNIT 5

Grammar: 1. The Present Perfect Tense

Loch Ness

Loch Ness is a large lake in the Highlands of Scotland. It’s narrow and quite deep, nearly 300 metres. There is a lot of peat in it, so it’s very black.

People have said and believed for hundreds of years that there is a monster in the lake. Fifty years ago they built a new road along the lake and since then people have reported that they have seen the monster. There have also been expeditions with small submarines and underwater cameras to try and find out more about the monster.

In some interesting underwater photos from 1975 you can see a head and a big body. But not everybody believes that there really is a large animal in the loch. Some people say that it’s only peat, which is rising from the bottom of the lake, or branches of trees which are floating in the water. And yet there are people who keep watch day and night all summer in the hope of catching sight of Nessie, if and when she raises her head.

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This is what the monster, Nessie, looks like, if you believe what the photos show you: it’s dark brown, its total length is about 15 metres and its head is very small and snake-like.

People say that the best time to see the monster is in the summer months, early in the morning and evening, when the weather is warm and the loch is calm.

Words and expressions to be remembered:

Vocabulary and Comprehension Exercises

I. Answer the questions with a sentence from the text.

1. What is Loch Ness?

2.Why is it very black?

3.What is there in the lake?

4.What can you see in some interesting underwater photos from

1975?

5.Why do some people keep watch day and night all summer?

6.What does the monster, Nessie, look like?

7.What is the best time to see the monster?

II. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Люди говорят, что в озере живет чудовище.

2.На некоторых интересных подводных снимках 1975 года вы можете видеть голову и большое туловище.

3.Некоторые люди считают, что это всего лишь ил, который поднимается со дна озера, или ветки деревьев, которые плывут по воде.

4.И все же есть люди, которые не спускают глаз днем и ночью все лето, в надежде хоть краешком глаза увидеть Несси.

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Drills

Дайте ответы на вопросы, следуя образцам.

Drill 1.Have you seen him?

·Yes, I have

·No, I haven’t.

1. Have you been to the Zoo?

2.Have you lived here all your life?

3.Have you ever played tennis?

4.Have you ever ridden a horse?

5.Have you driven a car?

6.Have you ever written a letter to a newspaper?

7.Have you ever eaten a frog?

8.Have you ever driven a tractor?

9.Have you ever broken your leg?

10. Have you ever had an operation?

11. Have you ever eaten Chinese food?

Drill 2.a new film

· I have seen a new film.

1. an English magazine 5. an elephant

2.an interesting article 6. a camel

3.a scientific journal 7. a tiger

4.a hippopotamus 8. a lion

Drill 3.his brother

· He has met his brother.

1. a student from group 7 5. his friend

2.his parents 6. his neighbour

3.his teacher 7. the postman

4.his Dean 8. a fashion model

Drill 4.Have you been to Mexico? – (No). · No, I haven’t been to Mexico yet.

Have you spoken to the manager? – (Yes).

·Yes, I’ve already spoken to the manager.

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1. Have you had your breakfast already? – (Yes).

2.Have you ever been to Italy? – (No).

3.Has the class started? – (Yes).

4.Have you ever spoken to a famous person? – (No).

5.Have you read ‘Hamlet?’ – (Yes).

6.Have you ever been to Disneyland? – (No).

Drill 5.My sister has been a good pupil. (always) · My sister has always been a good pupil.

1. She has been late for classes. (never)

2.He has told us about his work. (already)

3.I have seen an elephant. (never)

4.I have done my homework. (already)

5.She has learned to swim. (just)

Drill 6.Tom is opening the door.

· Tom has just opened the door.

1. Harry is changing his clothes.

2.I am washing my hands.

3.We are listening to the news.

4.You are speaking over the telephone.

5.He is having breakfast.

6.They are returning books to the library.

7.Peter is washing his car.

Drill 7.Why aren’t you doing the exercise? · I have already done it.

1. Why aren’t you reading the text?

2.Why aren’t you doing your homework?

3.Why aren’t you listening to the news?

4.Why aren’t you getting ready for the exams?

5.Why aren’t you having dinner?

6.Why aren’t you drinking milk?

7.Why aren’t you cooking supper?

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IV. Составьте предложения со сказуемыми во времени

Present Perfect Tense.

1. He, never, to London, been, before, has.

2.We, seen, a friend of ours, just, have.

3.She, a letter, written, her, to, parents, lately, has.

4.I, interesting, have, a book, very, read, this week.

V. Поставьтевсетипывопросов к следующимпредложениям.

1. They have lived in New York since 1985.

2.Henry and Bess have gone to Niagara Falls for their honey-

moon.

3.He has just had dinner.

4.He has bought a new car.

VI. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребив сказуемое в a. Present Continuous; b. Present Perfect

1. I give the message to Mrs Green.

2.We send a birthday present to her.

3.We give some old cornflakes to the birds.

4.Mum and Dad watch television.

5.Tina writes letters.

6.Paul makes tea.

VII. Перепишите предложения, употребляя полную форму

VIII. Раскройте скобки, употребив глаголы во времени

Present Perfect.

1. He just (go) out.

2.Someone (take) my bicycle.

3.The phone (stop) ringing.

4.I just (wash) that floor.

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5.The cat (steal) the fish.

6.I (live) here for ten years.

7.I (buy) a new carpet. Come and look at it.

8.I (not pay) the telephone bill yet.

UNIT 6

Grammar: 1. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

What’s Your Favourite Colour?

Colour is all in your mind. It doesn’t exist. When your eye receives light, it sends messages to your mind. And your mind translates these messages into colours which vary according to the wavelengths of the light.

Colours become linked with memories, associations and emotions. Perhaps this is why, over the centuries and throughout the world people have given special significance and magical properties to colours. Every colour in the visible spectrum has a superstition associated with it.

RED – the colour of fire. Red is usually associated with passion. If red is your favourite colour, your heart rules your life. In China, red is a lucky colour for brides. Scientists believe that red stimulates the nervous system. They have also found that red light can help you solve mathematical problems.

YELLOW – the colour of the sun. Yellow is a joyful colour, and in some parts of the world it is associated with fertility because of yellow harvests. Yellow is also a musical colour.

GREEN – the colour of trees and leaves. Green is a harmonious colour, because it symbolizes growth in nature. It is a peaceful colour which can make you feel calm and rested. In some schools, blackboards have been replaced by greenboards because green light wavelengths do not cause strain to the eyes.

BLUE – the colour of the sky. Blue is a spiritual colour, and is normally associated with the mind. If this is your favourite colour, you are either very spiritual or very intellectual – or both. Blue is cold. It can make you shiver and may dull your emotions.

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BLACK AND WHITE – these are not really colours, but to most people black symbolizes death and evil, white means innocence and good. But in many oriental cultures, black is good and white is for widows and the devil. It’s all in your mind.

Words and expressions to be remembered:

Vocabulary and Comprehension Exercises

I. Answer the questions.

1. Does colour exist?

2.What happens when your eye receives light?

3.What colour is the colour of fire?

4.What is a musical colour?

5.Why is green a harmonious colour?

6.What is a spiritual colour?

7.What colour symbolizes death and life?

II. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Свет посылает сообщения в ваш мозг.

2.Цвета различаются в зависимости от длины волны света.

3.Люди думают, что цвета имеют магические свойства.

4.Красный цвет обычно ассоциируется со страстью.

5.Черный цвет символизирует зло, белый – добро.

Drills

Дайте ответы на вопросы, следуя образцам.

Drill 1. How long have you been living in this house? (since 1970) · I have been living in this house since 1970.

1. How long has the baby been crying? (all the morning)

2.How long have you been trying to get this book? (for a week)

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3.How long has your brother been watching television? (all the evening)

4.How long has the fire been burning? (all the night)

5.How long has he been sleeping? (for hours)

Drill 2. Why are you so dirty? (dig potatoes in the garden)

· Because I have been digging potatoes in the garden.

1. Why are her eyes red? (cry)

2.Why are you so angry? (quarrel with Bob)

3.Why is her coat wet? (walk in the rain)

4.Why do you know nothing about Helen’s marriage? (travel)

5.Why haven’t they left the room during the break? (discuss the new play)

Drill 3. Is John still sleeping? (hours)

· Yes, he’s been sleeping for hours.

1. Is Mary still writing letters? (two o’clock)

2.Are you living in Scotland now? (a year)

3.Are you still working for the same company? (I left school)

4.Are they still trying to learn French? (ten years)

5.Is John still waiting for Mary? (more than an hour)

Drill 4. John is still waiting for Mary.

· How long has be been waiting for her? 1. They’re all sitting in the garden.

2.He’s still working in that office.

3.Mary is still staying at the Grand Hotel.

4.Mrs. Smith is still talking to Mrs. Jones.

5.That fire is still burning.

Grammar Exercises

I. Проанализируйте глагольные формы во времени Present Perfect Continuous.

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