Пособия / Techical English Basics. Основы технического английского
.pdfVery few people will be killed in accidents, because the top speed will be five miles per hour. However, pessimists warn us not to ask for pretty colours, because the car will come in grey only.
Optimists are sure that the future will be happy. They think that car companies will soon solve all our problems by producing the Supercar. Tomorrow’s car will be bigger, faster, and more comfortable than before. The Supercar will have four rooms, color TV, running water, heat, air conditioning, and a swimming pool. Large families will travel on long trips in complete comfort. If gas is in short supply, the Supercar will run on water. Finally, optimists promise that the car of the future will come in any color, as long as the colour is grey.
Words and expressions to be remembered:
a pessimist |
air conditioning a swimming pool |
an optimist |
to solve Supercar comfortable |
Vocabulary and Comprehension Exercises
I. Answer the questions with a sentence from the text.
1. What is a pessimist?
2.Why are today’s cars in trouble?
3.What will the car of the future look like, according to the pessi-
mists?
4.How will it run?
5.How many colors will it come in?
6.What is an optimist?
7.What will the Supercar look like? How will it run?
Drills
Дайте ответы на вопросы, следуя образцам.
Drill 1. He will get married soon.
· Will he get married soon, indeed? – No, he won’t. He won’t get married soon, I am afraid.
1. He will pass his English exam easily.
2.My teacher will be proud of my progress.
3.They will graduate from college next month.
4.She will make a good housewife.
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5.We shall enjoy ourselves at the week-end.
6.We shall manage to get the book by Agatha Christie.
Drill 2. It rained a lot yesterday.
· Yes, and it will rain a lot tomorrow too.
1. She swept the floor yesterday. 5. He got up late yesterday.
2.He repaired the car yesterday. 6. They were polite yesterday.
3.They won the match yesterday. 7. She was kind yesterday.
4.She studied her lessons yesterday.
Drill 3. Did you phone me yesterday? · No, but I’ll phone you tonight.
1. Did you phone Harold? 5. Did you phone John?
2.Did you phone Nancy? 6. Did you phone Pat?
3.Did you phone Jill and Joe? 7. Did you phone me and Sam?
4.Did you phone me?
Drill 4. How long will it take her to get home from her office? · It will take her half an hour to get there.
1. How long will it take you to get home from college?
2.How long will it take your friend to get to his office tomorrow?
3.How long will it take her to cook dinner today?
4.How long will it take you to do your work well?
Drill 5. Are you going to walk home or take a bus? · I’m going to take a bus.
1. What are you going to do after the lesson?
2.Are we going to read ‘Treasure Island’?
3.When are you going to have another party?
4.Where are you going to spend your next holiday?
5.When are we going to meet again?
Drill 6. Where is Kitty? (in the garden)
·She may be in the garden.
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1. Where is the doctor? (at the hospital)
2.Where are the boys? (on the river)
3.Where is Mr Miller? (in the garage)
4.Where is the cat? (in the kitchen)
5.Where is Peter? (on the playground)
6.Where is Miss Parker? (at her friends’)
7.Where is Nancy? (at the cinema)
Drill 7. Can she play the guitar?
·Yes, she can.
·No, she can’t.
1. Can they lift a car?
2.Can he clean the house?
3.Can you walk on your knees?
4.Can he speak Japanese?
5.Can he wash the floor?
6.Can she paint a door?
7.Can I drive a car?
8.Can you climb a tree? 9.Can she swim across the sea? 10.Can you catch a mouse? 11.Can the drive a bus? 12.Can he sing a song?
Drill 8. We can see the sea from our bedroom window.
· We could see the sea from our bedroom window.
1. Tom can drive. |
5. |
He can speak Spanish. |
2. She can understand English. |
6. |
They can swim very fast. |
3. I can express my thoughts in English. 7. |
Tom can plat tennis. |
|
4. We can spell these words. |
8. He can speak English fluently. |
|
Grammar Exercises
I. Проанализируйте глагольные формы во времени Future Simple.
|
Future Simple |
|
I shall come |
Shall I come? |
I shall not (shan’t) come |
You will come |
Will you come? |
You will not (won’t) come |
He will come |
Will he come? |
He will not (won’t) come |
We shall come |
Shall we come? |
We shall not (shan’t) come |
You will come |
Will you come? |
You will not (won’t) come |
They will come |
Will they come? |
They will not (won’t) come |
|
|
|
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II. Перепишите предложения, употребив глаголы во времени Future Simple.
1. I never believe you.
2.You don’t understand it.
3.I don’t buy cheap things.
4.He never cleans his own shoes.
5.It doesn’t cost very much.
6.I eat an orange every day.
7.He feels ill.
8.I never have much money.
9.I never look as pretty as her. 10.He doesn’t like it at all.
III. Проанализируйте формы конструкции ‘to be going to’.
|
be going to |
|
I am going to work |
Am I going to work? |
I am not going to work |
You are going to work |
Are you going to work? |
You are not going to work |
He/she is going to work |
Is he/she going to work? |
He/sheisnotgoingtowork |
We are going to work |
Are we going to work? |
We are not going to work |
You are going to work |
Are you going to work? |
You are not going to work |
They are going to work |
Are they going to work? |
Theyarenotgoingtowork |
|
|
|
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребив конструкцию ‘to be going to’.
1. He will leave tomorrow.
2.Where will he stay?
3.John will wait for us there.
4.Mr Thomson will sell his house.
5.I’ll sing it again this evening.
6.He’ll speak to us about it.
7.I shall have three weeks’ holiday this year.
V. Поставьтевсетипывопросов к следующимпредложениям.
1. The car of the future will come in grey colour.
2.The top speed of the supercar will be five miles per hour.
3.They are going to make a trip to the old castle.
VI. Проанализируйте употребление модального глагола
‘may (might)’.
may (might)
+He may swim.
-He may not swim.
?When may he swim?
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VII. Перепишите предложения, следуя образцу и употребляя модальный глагол ‘may’.
e.g.. John will see you tomorrow. · John may see you tomorrow.
1. If she stays, she’ll get a job.
2.If you go alone, you will lose your way.
3.They will never come again.
4.Perhaps we’ll go to Spain for our holidays.
5.Perhaps I’ll get my cheque today.
6.Put the keys somewhere safe. Perhaps you’ll lose them.
7.Don’t buy that book for John. Perhaps he won’t like it.
VIII. Проанализируйте употребление модального глагола
‘can (could)’.
can (could)
+ Tim can speak English well.
-He can’t dance.
?How well can he swim?
IX. Поставьте вопросы к следующим предложениям.
1. I can smell gas. |
4.Theycanunderstandsignlanguage. |
2.He could see a few stars in the sky. 5. He can sail a boat.
3.She can count to twenty in Spanish. 6. They could play chess.
X. Перепишите следующие предложения, выражая вежливую просьбу и употребляя модальный глагол ‘can’. Следуйте образцу:
e.g.. I should like to close the window. It is cold in the room. · Can I close the window? It is cold in the room.
1. Let me do what I want to.
2.They wish to spend the day on the sea-shore.
3.I shall come tomorrow.
4.She wants to telephone you tomorrow.
5.Will you allow me to ask a question, please?
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UNIT 13
Grammar: 1. Modal Verbs must, have to, should 2. Reported Speech
Texts: 1. ‘Strange Laws’
2. ‘Race to the South Pole’
Text 1. Strange Laws
In Thailand, you mustn’t leave your house if you are not wearing underwear. You have to wear a shirt while driving a car. It is illegal to walk down the streets with your shoelaces undone in Maine, USA.
In Switzerland, you can’t wash your car, mow your lawn or hang clothes out to dry on Sunday. It is also against the law to flush the toilet after 10 p.m. if you live in an apartment.
In Singapore, it is illegal to chew gum or drop litter. You can’t smoke in public places.
In Saudi Arabia, women can’t drive cars.
In England, you mustn’t stick a stamp on an envelope upside down if it has the Queen’s picture on it. It is illegal to leave bags unattended.
Every man must grow a beard in Brainerd, Minnesota.
Between the hours of 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. in France, 70 per cent of music on the radio has to be by French artists.
In Kentucky, USA, you mustn’t marry the same man more than three times.
If you have more than one child in China, you have to pay a fine. In Denmark, you can’t start your car when someone is lying
undernearth it.
In Italy, men mustn’t wear skirts.
You have to get a licence to paint your house in Sweden.
In Florida, USA, you mustn’t sing in a public place while you are wearing a swimsuit.
In Toronto, Canada, you can’t drag a dead horse down Yonge Street on Sunday.
And if you are in Hawaii and you are laughing at these strange laws, don’t! In Hawaii, you mustn’t laugh after 10 p.m.
Words and expressions to be remembered:
illegal a shoe lace to flush the toilet upside down to get a licence a swimsuit to drag
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Text 2. Race to the South Pole
On 1 June, 1910, Captain Scott left London to begin his Antarctic expedition. On his way, he received a telegram from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen: ‘Am going South.’ So the race to the South Pole was on!
During the polar summer of 1910-1911, both teams organised food depots in preparation for their expeditions the following year.
Amundsen was the first to leave, on 15 October, 1911. He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. Because of this he made rapid progress. Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems. First, his two motor sledges broke down, and then the ponies began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. After a while, Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves.
Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December and put a Norwegian flag there. Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four companions on 17 January. They were devastated when they saw the Norwegian flag.
Their return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration. Scott and his companions didn’t survive the return journey. Scott’s diary was found beside his body.
16 or 17 March
Things are getting worse. Two days ago, at noon, poor Titus Oates said he couldn’t continue because of his leg. He asked us to leave him in his sleeping bag. We could not do that. We completed our afternoon march. At night he was worse, and we knew that the end was near. Oates’ last thoughts were of his Mother. Hope never left him before the end. There was a wild snowstorm. He said ‘I am just going outside. I may be sometime.’ He went out into the snowstorm, and we have not seen him since. We knew that poor Oates was walking away to die. It was an act of a brave man. We all hope to meet the end with this kind of courage – and surely death is not far away. We talk all the time of completing the trip. But I don’t think any of us believes it in his heart.
The news of Scott’s death shocked the world. He had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the remarkable courage shown by Captain Scott and his men made them into heroes.
Words and expressions to be remembered:
polar a food depot to pull to push a sledge rapid
to break down |
to be devastated |
to survive a diary |
at noon |
courage to fail |
to win the race |
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Vocabulary and Comprehension Exercises
I. (Text 1) Answer the following questions.
1. What must you wear when you go out in Thailand?
2.Where can’t women drive cars?
3.Where mustn’t you stick a stamp upside down on an envelope?
4.Where can’t you walk down the street with your laces undone?
5.What can’t men wear in Italy?
6.Where do men have to grow beards?
7.When can’t you laugh at these laws in Hawaii?
II. (Text 2) Answer the following questions.
1. When did Scott and Amundsen start their journeys?
2.Who travelled more quickly?
3.Did Scott and his companions survive the return journey?
4.Where was Scott’s diary found?
5.Why was it difficult for Oates to continue the journey?
6.What did Oates do?
7.Did he come back?
8.What news shocked the world?
III. (Text 1) Translate the sentences into English..
1. В Таиланде на вас должна быть рубашка, если вы ведете машину.
2.В Швейцарии вы не должны мыть машину, косить лужайку или вывешивать сушить одежду в воскресенье.
3.В Сингапуре законом запрещается жевать жвачку или бросать мусор. Вы не должны курить в общественных местах.
4.В Кентукки, США, вам запрещается выходить замуж за одного и того же человека больше трех раз.
5.В Италии мужчинам запрещается носить юбки.
IV. (Text 2) Translate the sentences into English.
1. В 1910 году 1 июня капитан Скотт уехал из Лондона, чтобы отправиться в экспедицию в Антарктиду.
2.Началась гонка на Южный полюс.
3.Амундсен отправился первым, 15 октября 1911.
4.Он двигался быстро.
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5.Скотт и его люди должны были толкать сани сами.
6.Скотт достиг Южного полюса вместе со своими четырьмя товарищами 17 января.
7.Новость о гибели Скотта потрясла мир.
Drills
Дайте ответы на вопросы, следуя образцам.
Drill 1. he – leave
· Must he leave now? – No, he needn’t leave now.
1. I – come 5. he – hurry 9. they – talk
2.they – play 6. they – go 10. I – calculate
3.you – read 7. you – pay 11. he – be present
4.she – answer 8. she – decide 12. they – change the clothes
Drill 2. The coat is probably very expensive. · The coat must be very expensive.
1. This is probably the book Charles wants.
2.She’s probably very tired after the journey.
3.It’s probably very nice to be in London now.
4.That is probably the best theatre here.
5.Your friend is probably over 20.
6.Your passport is probably at home.
7.He’s probably an Italian.
Drill 3. When must you come home? (a quarter to nine) · I must come home at a quarter to nine.
1. When must I go to school? (5 minutes past 3)
2.When must Bob telephone you? (at a quarter past 6)
3.When must mother drive to Brisbane? (10 minutes past 5)
4.When must your parents be there? (16.30)
5.When must Margaret type the letter? (14.20)
6.When must you and your brother play tennis? (11.25)
7.When must the bus be there? (14.35)
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Drill 4. I’ve got an awful headache. (take an aspirin) · I must take an aspirin.
1. My watch is broken. (take it to be repaired)
2.My car is very dirty. (wash it)
3.I’ve got a terrible cold and a cough. (go to the doctor’s)
4.I’ve got an awful toothache. (go to the dentist’s)
5.I smoke too many cigarettes. (stop smoking)
6.I’ve got a pile of unpaid bills. (pay them)
7.I’ve written three important letters. (post them immediately)
Drill 5. Do we have to read this article for today? (No, for tomorrow) · No, we have to read it for tomorrow.
1. Do you have to go shopping in the afternoon? (No, right now)
2.Do they have to work in the lab now? (No, from one till two)
3.Do you have to take this medicine once a day? (No, three times
a day)
4.Does she have to meet her little sister after school? (No, after the theatre)
5.Does Peter have to ring you up in the morning? (No, in the
evening)
6.Do we have to come here at seven? (No, at eight)
7.Do they have to start the experiment now? (No, tomorrow morning)
Drill 6. Mrs. Brown is not well. (see a doctor) · She should see a doctor.
1. Mary is so selfish. (help her relatives)
2.Mr. Brown isn’t punctual. (come on time)
3.Your friend is very rude. (be more polite)
4.Jane is so extravagant. (spend less on clothes)
5.Grandfather is so forgetful. (write down telephone messages)
6.The boys are idle too often. (study more)
7.Your friend works too much. (have a rest)
Drill 7. Steve drives too fast.
·He shouldn’t drive so fast.
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