Пособия / Techical English Basics. Основы технического английского

Grammar Exercises

I. Проанализируйте формы модальных глаголов ‘must, have to, should’.

II. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную формы.

1. I must get there before eight.

2.You will have to come again.

3.She must wash up all the glasses.

4.We have to change our shoes.

III. Поставьте разделительные вопросы к следующим предложениям.

1. We must write to her at once.

2.The man has to return the documents.

3.You don’t have to paint the doors green.

4.I must help Mary to cook dinner.

5.They have to prepare it for Sunday.

IV. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в соответствующем времени. (Повторение системы времен).

1. We (go) to the theatre last night.

2.He usually (write) in green ink.

3.She (play) the piano when our guests (arrive) last night.

4.Where you (go) for your holidays last year?

5.My mother (come) to stay with us next weekend.

6.We (meet) only yesterday and already (decide) to get married.

7.Violets (bloom) in the spring.

V. Проанализируйте правила перевода прямой речи в косвенную.

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Besides verb changes there are changes of the pronouns and the time advervials.

e.g. John: ‘I’m tired.’

· John said that he was tired.

1. The postman: ‘There aren’t any letters.’

2.Dick: ‘I have a new car.’

3.Sally: ‘Nobody wants to help me.’

4.Helen: ‘The radio doesn’t work.’

5.John: ‘I will be in Paris in July.’

6.David: ‘I can’t swim.’

7.Alice: ‘My parents are travelling.’

UNIT 14

Grammar: 1. Conditionals

2. Ing-forms: Gerund and Present Participle

Text: ‘Smoking’

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Smoking

We entered the 21st century with such maladies as heart and vascular system diseases, environmental diseases, cancer, AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). The risk factors that cause these diseases are poor environment (especially after Chernobyl disaster), constant stress and bad habits. All these diseases have a huge impact on the quality of life, darken our prospects for future. Alcohol, drugs, smoking, AIDS have also become the reality of our life.

Smoking is very dangerous. Most young people smoke because their friends pressure them to do so. They may be copying their parents who smoke, or other adults they respect. In the past 30 years attitudes about smoking have changed. Smoking is now banned in many places so that other people don’t have to breathe in smokers’ shocking tobacco smoke.

Smoking becomes addictive very quickly, and it’s one of the hardest habits to break. A chemical called nicotine is a substance that causes addiction. It can contribute to heart disease. Cigarette smoke also contains tar – a major factor for causing cancer. If you’ve ever watched an adult try to give up smoking, you know how hard it can be. It’s easier, healthier and cheaper never to start.

Facts about smoking:

·The smell of smoke on your breath and clothes will put people off.

·Someone who smokes 15 cigarettes a day can forget six to nine years of their life.

·You’re burning a great deal of money.

·Your skin will wrinkle faster and deeper than of a non-smoker.

·Females who smoke heavily may wrinkle like a woman 20 years older in age.

Words and expressions to be remembered:

malady disease to cause to witness to suffer impact to breathe to break a habit addiction to wrinkle

Vocabulary and Comprehension Exercises

I. Answer the following questions.

1. What are the maladies that we entered the 21st century with?

2.What are the risk factors that cause these diseases?

3.Why do most young people smoke?

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4.Is smoking allowed nowadays in many places?

5.Why is smoking one of the hardest habits to break?

6.What substance in a cigarette causes addiction?

Drills

Составьте предложения, следуя образцам.

Drill 1. Tom is on holiday now. I expect he is sitting on the beach. · If I were on holiday, I would be sitting on the beach too.

Drill 2. I think I’ll have to ask someone else to help me. · I’m afraid so. I would help you if I could.

Drill 3. I was sitting in the park. I was writing a letter. · I was sitting in the park writing a letter.

1. The woman was driving along. She was listening to her car radio.

2.He came into the room. He was carrying a suitcase.

3.She was sitting in an armchair. She was reading a book.

4.I got home. I was feeling very tired.

5.The old man was walking along the street. He was talking to himself.

Drill 4. Jim was playing tennis. He hurt his arm.

·Jim hurt his arm playing tennis.

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1. Ann was watching television. She fell asleep.

2.The man slipped. He was getting off the bus.

3.Dick burnt himself. He was cooking his dinner.

4.He broke a cup. He was doing the washing-up.

5.She lost her keys. She was getting out of her car.

Drill 5. He reads a lot.

· He likes reading.

1. We play a lot. 5. You sleep a lot.

2.She dances a lot. 6. He drives a lot.

3.I swim a lot. 7. I sail a lot.

4.They sing a lot.

Drill 6. He left school and went to university.

· After leaving school he went to university. 1. He studied for three years but failed his exams.

2.He worked in an office for a while and then emigrated to Aus-

tralia.

3.He tried several jobs and then he became a farmer.

4.He made a lot of money and decided to go home for a holiday.

5.He arrived in England and married an old girlfriend.

6.He met his old friends and didn’t want to go back again.

7.He sold his farm and bought a business in England.

Grammar Exercises

I. Составьте предложения, следуя образцу. e.g. get to work late again

·If the bus is late, I’ll get to work late again.lose my job

·If I get to work late again, I’ll lose my job.

1. → not find another job

2.→ lose my flat

3.→ move back to my parents’ house

4.→ get very bored

5.→ go swimming every day

6.→ look very good

7.→ meet interesting people

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8.→ go to lots of parties

9.→ have a wonderful time

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, следуя образцу.

1. She is nice and slim, so she looks marvellous in tight jeans.

2.He has plenty of money, so he spends the winters abroad.

3.He works overtime, so he earns a lot of money.

4.His garden gets a lot of sun, so he can grow peaches.

5.He can ski, so he goes skiing at Christmas.

6.He runs round the park every morning, so he keeps very fit.

7.He travels first class, so he enjoys travelling.

III.Заполнитепропуски,употребивглаголывсоответствующих формах. Следуйте образцу.

1. If dogs ... talk, they ... some interesting stories. (can; tell)

2.If I ... the answer, I ... you. (know; tell)

3.If my cat ... open the fridge, it ... all my food. (can; eat)

4.If you ... read people’s thoughts, what ... you ...? (can; do)

5.If the programmes ... better, I ... more TV. (be; watch)

6.If I ... you to marry me, what ... you ...? (ask; say)

IV. Заполните пропуски, употребив глаголы в соответствующих формах. Следуйте образцу.

e.g. If you ... me, I would have helped you. (ask)

· If you had asked me, I would have helped you.

1. If I ... here yesterday, I would have come to see you. (be)

2.If you ... a map with you, you wouldn’t have got lost. (take)

3.We would have won the game if we ... so badly. (not play)

4.You ... badly if you hadn’t drunk all that coffee. (not sleep)

5.If you ... on holiday with us, you ... a wonderful time. (come;

have)

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V. Прочитайте предложения и закончите предложения. e.g. If it hadn’t been hot, my mother wouldn’t have opened the door.

It was hot, so my mother opened the door. A cat came in and ate her supper, so she went to the shop to buy food. In the shop she saw an advertisement for a secretary. So she got a new job, and met my father. I’m glad it was a hot day!

VI. Образуйте причастие настоящего времени и употребите его в функции определения. П ереведите фразы на русский язык.

VII. Перепишите предложения, заменяя придаточные предложения на причастный оборот. Следуйте образцу.

e.g. She looked down at her son who was sleeping on the sofa. · She looked down at her son sleeping on the sofa.

1. The windows that face the garden were open.

2.He couldn’t fall asleep because of the noise that was coming from the street.

3.She got on the train that was going to London.

4.What can you do about a dog which is barking all night?

5.There’s someone who is knocking at the door.

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VIII. Перепишите предложения, употребляя причастия в настоящем времени.

e.g. We smiled and drove away. · Smiling, we drove away.

1. She lifted the telephone, she answered, ‘Yes?’

2.I didn’t hear what he said and asked him to repeat it.

3.I was short of money, I couldn’t afford to buy it.

4.She got worried and thought we had had an accident.

5.After we looked at the map, we tried to find the right street.

UNIT 15

Grammar: 1. Passive Voice

An Amazing Crime

The Millennium Dome robbers wanted to go down in history as the gang who committed the biggest and most ambitious robbery of the Millennium – and they nearly did. They never thought the police would catch them because they planned the crime and the speedboat getaway very carefully.

The attempted diamond robbery at the Millennium Dome in London was an amazing crime. The British government built the Millennium Dome to celebrate the year 2000. One of the most popular exhibitions in the Dome was a fabulous diamond collection worth Ј350 million which included the magnificent Millennium Star diamond. The gang of five men tried to steal the diamonds. But unfortunately for the robbers, hundreds of police officers dressed as tourists and cleaners were waiting for them in the Dome when they attacked.

The huge police operation organised by Scotland Yard was called Operation Magician and over 200 police officers took part in it. The police knew the gang were planning a big crime but they didn’t know exactly what. So they followed the men for many months before the robbery.

One day, they saw one of the gang visiting the Dome with his friends. He filmed the diamond exhibition with a camcorder. The police now

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knew what the robbers planned to do. Another time, they saw the men sailing a speedboat up and down the Thames. They guessed how the robbers planned to escape.

At their trial, the jury found the arrested men guilty of robbery with violence. The two gang leaders received 18-year prison sentences, and the other members of the gang received 15-year prison sentences.

British people like daring crime stories and the Dome robbers are already famous. It seems likely these men will go down in history as the robbers who attempted one of the most daring crimes ever.

Words and expressions to be remembered:

Vocabulary and Comprehension Exercises

I. Answer the questions.

1. What did the Millenium Dome robbers want?

2.Why did the British government build the Millennium Dome?

3.What was one of the most popular exhibitions in the Dome?

4.What did the gang of five men try to do?

5.How did the police know what the robbers planned to do?

6.What sentences did the robbers receive at the trial?

7.Why will the robbers go down in history?

II. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Грабители выставочного зала ‘Миллениум Доум’ хотели войти в историю.

2.Они никогда не думали, что полиция их поймает, так как они тщательно спланировали преступление.

3.Британское правительство построило выставочный зал ‘Миллениум Доум’, чтобы отметить 2000 год.

4.Попытка кражи алмазов из выставочного зала ‘Миллениум Доум’ в Лондоне была необычным преступлением.

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