книги / English for Aerospace Engineering

proper cabin environment etc. Clean Sky’s Systems Integrated Technology Demonstrator (ITD) also places a particular focus on improving the efficiency of energy use onboard while ensuring the required safety standards.

Strong coordinated action by aircraft systems providers is required to develop the best combination of concepts that will enable the entry into service of more efficient, affordable and sustainable aircraft in synergy with the airframers.

Systems ITD demonstrators are on the path to develop more electrical systems architectures, improve energy management and outline optimised and efficient trajectories which have a direct impact on CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, perceived noise and air quality, in line with Clean Sky 2’s objectives.

Some of the fields being explored include innovation in the use of more electric actuation and local hydraulic power supply, higher electrical systems voltage combining power and data, optimised power consumption, reimagining weight distribution and increasing the “power density”. Systems are also developing enablers for other innovations, for example “bleed less” power generation, a necessary step to better integrate novel engines in new aircraft configurations. Mastering engine power offtakes and hybridisation, without limiting the engine operability, is of paramount importance for the next aircraft development, requiring smaller core size and an increased amount of power extraction.

https://www.clean aviation.eu/clean sky 2/programme overview and structure/ clean sky 2 structure/systems itd

ACTIVE WORDS

safety [ˈseɪftɪ] — безопасность guarantee [ɡær(ə)nˈ ː] — гарантия crew [kruː] — экипаж

entry [ˈentrɪ] — вход

affordable [əˈfɔːdəbəl] — по средствам, допустимый sustainable [səˈsteɪnəb(ə)l] — устойчивый, жизнеспособный architecture [ˈɑːkɪtektʃə] — архитектура, структура, строение trajectory [trəˈdʒekt(ə)rɪ] — траектория

perceive [pəˈsiːv] — воспринимать, понимать explore [ɪkˈsplɔː] — исследовать, изучать, reimagining — смена представления density [ˈdensɪtɪ] — плотность

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electric actuation — электропривод enabler — инструмент реализации

“bleed less” — меньший

novel [ˈnɒv(ə)l] — новый, оригинальный

paramount [ˈpærəmæʊnt] — первостепенный, важнейший, высший extraction [ɪkˈstrækʃ(ə)n] — извлечение, выемка, добывание

III.Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (T) or false (F).

1.Systems play a central role in energy management.

2.They guarantee optimal aircraft operability only on the ground, allowing the crew to perform efficient mission management.

3.Strong coordinated action by aircraft systems users is required to develop the best combination of concepts.

4.Engineers are on the path to develop more electrical systems architectures, improve energy management and outline optimised and efficient trajectories, fuel consumption.

5.Systems aren’t developing enablers for other innovations, for example “bleed less” power generation.

6.Mastering engine power offtakes and hybridisation, with limiting the engine operability, is of paramount importance for the next aircraft development.

IV. Find English equivalents in the text.

Эксплуатация самолетов, оптимизация полетов, безопасность воздуш ного транспорта, оптимальная работоспособность, на земле и в полете, экипаж, управлять полетом, надлежащая среда в кабине, демонстратор интегрированных технологий, эффективность использования энергии, стан дарты безопасности, авиационные системы, архитектура электрических систем, управление энергопотреблением, выбросы CO2, расход топлива, электрические приводы, оптимизированное энергопотребление, увеличение «плотности мощности», инструменты для других инноваций, конфигурации самолетов, отбор мощности двигателя, гибридизация, работоспособность, меньший размер ядра, увеличение отбираемой мощности.

V.Complete the following sentences. Choose the ending according to the text.

1)Systems play a central role in

2)They guarantee optimal aircraft operability on the ground and in flight,

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3)Strong coordinated action by aircraft systems providers is required

4)Systems ITD demonstrators are on the path to

5)Systems are also developing enablers

6)Mastering engine power offtakes and hybridisation, without limiting the engine operability,

a)is of paramount importance for the next aircraft development.

b)aircraft operation, flight optimisation and air transport safety.

c)to develop the best combination of concepts.

d)develop more electrical systems architectures, improve energy management and outline efficient trajectories, fuel consumption.

e)allowing the crew to perform efficient mission management.

f)for other innovations, for example “bleed less” power generation.

VI. Read the text and complete it with the necessary words.

The following innovations are addressed in the following domains:

Cockpit environment, mission management and aircraft (1) _____

platform and networks;

Electrical wing systems (sensors, actuators for flight control and

(2)_____ protection);

Full electrical (3) _____ (electrical power (4) _____, distribution and conversion) and power electronics;

Cabin and Cargo systems (including environmental control system, water

(5)_____ and ecological fire suppression);

Landing (6) ______ systems (using Electro Mechanical Actuators, Electro Hydraulic Actuators for extension/retraction, (7) ______, breaking)

Systems (8) _______ modeling and eco design

VII. Complete the sentences.

Systems play a central role in (эксплуатации самолетов), (оптимизации полетов) and air transport (безопасности). They (гарантируют) optimal aircraft (работоспособность) on the (земле) and in (полете), allowing the (экипажу) to perform efficient (управление) using the (передовые) flight management, (системы связи и контроля). Some innovations include the use of more

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(электрических приводов) and local (гидравлического питания), higher electrical systems (напряжения). Systems are also developing (инструменты) for other innovations, for example “bleed less” (выработка электроэнергии). Mastering engine (отбор мощности) and (гибридизация), without limiting the (работоспособность двигателя), is of (первостепенное) importance for the next aircraft (разработки).

Progress Check

I. Choose the appropriate translation of the words.

II.What words and phrases do not fit the chain?

1)fighter planes, civil aviation, military aviation

2)general aviation, combat aircraft, reconnaissance aircraft

3)cockpit, winglet, cargo

4)drag, velocity, lift

5)combustor, elevator, nozzle

6)bypass fan, turboprop, array

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7)oxidation, tungsten, rhenium

8)systems ITD demonstrators, electrical wing systems, landing gear systems

III. Read the text and complete it with the necessary words.

There are two main parts to a turboprop (1) _____ system: the core engine and the propeller. The core is very similar to a basic turbojet except that instead of expanding all the hot (2) ______ through the (3) ______ to produce (4) ______, most of the energy of the exhaust is used to turn the (5) ______. There may be an additional turbine stage present, which is connected to a (6) ______. The drive shaft is connected to a (7) ______. The exhaust velocity of a turboprop is low and contributes little thrust because most of the energy of the (8) ______ exhaust has gone into turning the drive shaft.

IV. Choose the correct option.

1.The part of a plane, which contains the passengers, crew and cargo.

a)the fuselage

b)the tail

c)the cabin

2.The front part of the fuselage.

a)jet engines

b)the nose

c)the cockpit

3.The rear part of the fuselage.

a)the baggage hold

b)the landing gear

c)the tail

4.The part of the fuselage behind the nose where the pilots fly the aircraft from.

a)jet engines

b)the nose

c)the cockpit

5.The section of the plane where the passengers travel in.

a)the fuselage

b)the cabin

c)the cockpit

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6.The section under the cabin where the passengers’ suitcases, bags and other things are carried.

a)the landing gear

b)jet engines

c)the baggage hold

7.The wheels which an aircraft uses when travelling on the ground.

a)the landing gear

b)the cockpit

c)the baggage hold

8.The things which power the aircraft so it can move and fly.

a)jet engines

b)the nose

c)the cockpit

9.Weight is a force that is always directed…

a)toward the center of the earth

b)to the center of the earth

c)from the center of the earth

10.The resistance force.

a)drag

b)thrust

c)lift

11.The part of the engine which sucks in large quantities of air.

a)mixer

b)nozzle

c)fan

12.The part of the engine which squeezes the air that enters it into progressively smaller areas.

a)compressor

b)combustor

c)turbine

13.It is the exhaust duct of the engine.

a)turbine

b)mixer

c)nozzle

14.The part of the engine which combines the high temperature air coming from the engine core with the lower temperature air that was bypassed in the fan.

a)compressor

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b)combustor

c)mixer

15.It is linked by a shaft to turn the blades in the compressor and to spin the intake fan at the front.

a)combustor

b)turbine

c)nozzle

16.A propulsion is …

a)alloy

b)machine

c)device

17.A modern turbine blade alloy is …

a)complex

b)hard

c)easy

18.Ceramic composites employ

a)chromium

b)silicon

c)tungsten

19.Systems guarantee aircraft

a)Integrated Technology

b)operability

c)hydraulic power supply

20.According to measurements of aircraft fuel usage per seat, modern aircraft are approximately 80 % more fuel … than aircraft of the 1960s.

a)efficient

b)optimal

c)economical

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MODULE 2. AEROSPACE

Unit 1. Aerospace industry

I. Read the following words paying attention to the pronunciation:

Aerospace [ˈeərəspeɪs], vehicular [vɪˈɪkjʊlə], atmosphere [ˈætməsfɪə], aeronautics [eərəˈnɔːtɪks], sailplane [ˈseɪlpleɪn], aerial [ˈeərɪəl], missile [ˈmɪsaɪl], competitiveness [kəmˈpetɪtɪvnəs].

II. Read the text and complete it with the necessary words.

Aerospace industry, assemblage of manufacturing concerns that deal with vehicular flight within and beyond Earth’s atmosphere. The (1) ______ aerospace is derived from the words aeronautics and spaceflight.

The aerospace industry is engaged in the research, development, and

(2) ______ of flight vehicles, including unpowered gliders and sailplanes, uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), lighter than air craft, heavier than air craft, missiles (rocket and missile system), space launch vehicles, and (3) ______

(crewed and uncrewed). Also included among its concerns are major flight vehicle

(4) ______ such as propulsion and avionics (aviation electronics) and key support systems necessary for the testing, operation, and maintenance of flight vehicles. In addition, the industry is engaged in the fabrication of nonaerospace products and systems that make use of aerospace technology.

Technological progress is the basis for competitiveness and advancement in the aerospace industry. The industry is, as a result, a world leader in advancing science and (5) ______. Aerospace systems have a very high value per unit weight and are among the most complex, as measured by the number of components in finished products.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/aerospace industry#ref225628

ACTIVE WORDS

assemblage [əˈsemblɪdʒ] — сборка, скопление, соединение, совокупность aerospace [ˈeərəspeɪs] — космонавтика, авиационно космический

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vehicular [vɪˈɪkjʊlə] — относящийся к средствам передвижения, перевозочный aeronautics [eərəˈnɔːtɪks] — аэронавтика

missile [ˈmɪsaɪl] — ракетный, реактивный, ракета, реактивный снаряд avionic — относящийся к авионике

competitiveness [kəmˈpetɪtɪvnəs] — конкурентоспособность

III.Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (T) or false (F).

1)Aerospace industry concerns that deal with vehicular flight only beyond Earth’s atmosphere.

2)The term aerospace is derived from the words atmosphere and spaceflight.

3)The aerospace industry is engaged in the research, development, and manufacture of planes.

4)Flight vehicles are unpowered gliders, sailplanes, uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), lighter than air craft, heavier than air craft, missiles, space launch vehicles, and spacecraft.

5)Aerospace industry concerns are major flight vehicle systems.

6)Flight vehicle subsystems are propulsion, avionics, and support systems for the testing, operation, and maintenance of flight vehicles.

7)The industry is engaged in the fabrication of nonaerospace products and systems.

8)Technological progress is the basis for competitiveness and advancement in the aerospace industry.

9)The industry is a world leader in nonaerospace product manufacturing.

IV. What words and phrases do not fit the chain?

aerospace, aeronautics, aviation

industry, research, development

sailplanes, lighter than air craft, heavier than air craft

rocket, avionics, missile system

space launch vehicles, spacecraft, support systems

flight vehicle, propulsion, aviation electronics

operation, maintenance, system

fabrication, advancement, manufacturing

competitiveness, advancement, aerospace industry

science, technology, components

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V.Complete the following sentences. Choose the ending according to the text.

1)Aerospace industry concerns that deal with

2)The term aerospace is derived from the words

3)The aerospace industry is engaged in the research, and manufacture of

4)Flight vehicles include

5)Major flight vehicle subsystems are

6)The industry is engaged in the fabrication of

7)Technological progress is the basis for

a)aeronautics and spaceflight.

b)competitiveness and advancement in the aerospace industry.

c)flight vehicles.

d)lighter than air craft, heavier than air craft, missiles, space launch vehicles, and spacecraft.

e)nonaerospace products.

f)propulsion, avionics and key support systems.

g)vehicular flight within and beyond Earth’s atmosphere.

VI. Find English equivalents in the text.

Аэрокосмическая промышленность, совокупность производственных предприятий, транспортные средства, атмосфера Земли, термин, космический полет, исследование, разработка, производство, летательные аппараты, планеры, аппарат тяжелее воздуха, ракеты, ракетные системы, космические ракеты носители, космические корабли, с экипажем и без экипажа, двигательная установка, авиационная электроника, неавиационная продукция, конкурентоспособность, прогресс.

VII. Choose the appropriate definition.

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