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Concord Law School is the first institution to offer a Juris Doctor (JD) degree earned wholly online via state-of-the-art technology. With the latest Internet-adaptive technologies, the Concord program offers excellent course instruction combined with maximum flexibility, specifically designed to fit into today's busy lifestyles. Most people cannot afford the time and resources required to make higher education their only priority. Concord understands this and provides the perfect platform to make higher education accessible for individuals with the ability and motivation to succeed.

Concord provides a rigorous and comprehensive legal education with a personalized curriculum and study program leading to a Juris Doctor (JD) degree or an Executive JDSM. Instruction is both highly theoretical and highly practical, emphasizing a critical understanding of how law functions in society as well as a practical knowledge of how lawyers function within the legal system.

Since opening in the fall of 1998, Concord has pioneered the delivery of high quality legal education on the Internet. The school serves working professionals, family caretakers, and others whose circumstances may prevent them from pursuing a legal education at a fixed facility law school. The typical student is in his or her midcareer with an undergraduate GPA of 3.0. More than 1,800 students are currently enrolled at Concord, including alumni of such prestigious universities as Columbia, Harvard, Yale, MIT, the University of California at Berkeley, Duke, and the University of Chicago. More than one third of the students already hold advanced degrees. Students hail from all U.S. states and 13 other countries and 78 percent reside outside of California.

Concord's diverse student body includes: educators, small business owners, CEOs, physicians, bankers, pilots, police officers, retired and active military officers, city planners, nurses, compliance analysts, dentists, consultants, accountants, sales representatives, engineers, real estate developers, stay-at-home parents, family caregivers, and others whose family and/or work obligations have made Concord Law School the right choice for them.

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The legal education at Concord is rigorous and dynamic. The curriculum corresponds to that in most leading U.S. law schools. Unlike most of its fixed facility counterparts, however, Concord utilizes the latest Internet technologies to communicate its material and facilitate the learning process.

Casebooks and other textbooks are those regularly used at fixed facility campuses nationwide. Classroom instruction is replicated through an innovative combination of video lectures from nationally renowned legal scholars, professor-led discussion groups delivered over the Internet and intensive individual feedback from professor to student. Students work through assignments similar to those required in a traditional law school setting with the convenience of submitting them online. Concord's technology facilitates the availability of a wide array of testing materials appropriate for those who later seek admission to the bar.

The Law School curriculum is available to Concord students over the Internet 24 hours a day, seven days a week from any part of the globe. Students set their own pace and speed within a structured learning system developed by legal education experts.

Concord Law School is the first law school to make extensive use of distance learning techniques and tools, including the Internet. Concord students learn the same skills and substance as those attending a traditional law school, but they use modern tools to access the education. Students study where and when they wish, without the rigid location demands and class schedules imposed by fixed-facility schools.

Concord's Deans, faculty and visiting lecturers have merged a traditional curriculum with the advantages of Internet-based education to produce a program that offers maximum flexibility while accomplishing the goals of a high quality legal education.

What is a typical day like at Concord? Students may attend a video lecture or professor-led chat room, read caselaw offline, meet with fellow students in a discussion group, or take quizzes and submit essays for grading online. Students are guided through the curriculum, but are free to custom-tailor their law studies to fit their busy lifestyles.

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The degree programs at Concord are part-time programs designed to accommodate the schedules of working adults. Students in the Juris Doctor program must complete 92 semester units in four years. Each academic year at Concord Law School consists of 48-51 consecutive weeks and is in accordance with the rules of the California Committee of Bar Examiners. On average, students in the JD program can expect to study 20 hours per week.

Text 15. Stanford University

(Stanford Law School)

Stanford Law School is part of one of the world's leading research institutions, providing rich opportunities for interdisciplinary cooperation. Stanford University is a private, coeducational university adjacent to Palo Alto, California, 35 miles south of San Francisco. Current enrollment at the university is approximately 14,500 students, of whom about 8,000 are graduate students.

The law school has teaching and research ties with the Schools of Business, Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, and Medicine; with multiple departments in the School of Humanities & Sciences; and with the Hoover Institution, the Institute for International Studies, and the Institute for Environmental Studies. The school is also a coventurer in the Stanford Center on Conflict and Negotiation.

Each year, the Law School Office of Admissions responds to more than 20,000 application requests, prepares approximately 5000 applications for review, and enrolls a first-year class of 170-180 students. Associate Dean Deal and the Admissions Committee carefully and thoughtfully review every application submitted during the application period.

In selecting students for the JD program, two criteria dominate the decision-making process: the individual applicant's intellectual ability and aptitude, and the overall diversity of the class admitted. The first criterion, aptitude, properly recognizes that the lawyer's work calls particularly for the exercise of analytic and other intellectual abilities – facility with words, concepts and perceptions of personal

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relationships. The second criterion, diversity, contemplates that diversity will improve the quality of education at the Law School by enabling the exchange of differing views in and out of class, and will improve the School's training of lawyers who take the lead in representing diverse groups and interests in a wide variety of contexts, in the private and public sectors.

Kathleen Sullivan, the former Dean, remarked at her appointment, "Who could resist a world class law school in paradise?" With beautiful surroundings, a small student body, and a very low student to faculty ratio, the school has an intimate and collegial environment. The academic program is flexible and includes a diverse array of courses and clinics. Students also publish top legal journals, such as the Stanford Law Review.

As many as 5,000 students apply for admission each year. Selection is intense: most students are ranked in the top 5% of their graduating class, scored in the top 5% on the LSAT, and have considerable additional other accomplishments. Stanford may place more weight on experience beyond academic numbers than almost any other law school. In 2005, Stanford Law School's acceptance rate was 7.8%, higher only than that of Yale Law School.

The Law School has a distinguished history of producing leaders in the judiciary and academia, in addition to corporate law, government, and the public interest. Upon graduation, about 60% of students join law firms and 30% accept clerkships, most with federal judges. Despite its small size, recently, Stanford has produced the third most professors of law in the country and the fourth most clerks to the Supreme Court.

Stanford has an exceptional faculty, distinguished not only for its scholarship, but also for its commitment to teaching and curricular innovation. The school's unusually low student/faculty ratio creates an intimate environment. This collegial atmosphere fosters students' intellectual and professional development both in and out of the classroom. Students also have many opportunities to work closely with faculty members as research assistants on scholarly projects; indeed, the faculty actively encourages interested students to develop their

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own scholarship for future academic careers. The relationships formed between Stanford faculty and students often last a lifetime.

Instruction at Stanford takes place primarily in small classes and seminars and through individual directed research. It also takes innovative forms: Stanford was a pioneer in the development of clinical teaching through simulation and individualized feedback. Today a diverse range of legal clinics offer students the opportunity to work with actual clients under the close supervision of faculty and practitioners. Through clinics, students can learn important legal skills while serving disadvantaged people, community groups, public interest organizations, and the public at large.

The faculty is continually engaged in developing new teaching methods to complement curricular innovations. Case studies, similar to those of business schools, challenge students to consider the interaction of legal and nonlegal factors involved, for example, in resolving a complex environmental problem or structuring a business deal. Interdisciplinary research projects allow faculty and students from the law school and other parts of the university, joined by practitioners and policymakers, to engage in applied research in fields such as technology policy and international law.

Stanford Law School is small, with about 550 students and a faculty of about 40 permanent members, augmented by visiting faculty and lecturers. The faculty and student body are diverse in backgrounds, outlooks, and aspirations – something we regard as essential to a first-rate legal education.

No less essential is our commitment to being a community that emphasizes mutual respect, civility, and the open exchange of ideas. The school's atmosphere is characterized by energetic intellectual engagement in curricular and extracurricular activities, while maintaining a spirit of warmth and congeniality. This is a vibrant academic community that takes seriously the challenges of professional education and legal scholarship.

It also happens that the school is located on a magnificent campus in the heart of the San Francisco Bay Area, a spectacular part of

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the United States that offers an ideal, Mediterranean climate of dry, warm summers and wet but temperate winters. The university's 8,180 acres stretch between the rolling foothills of the Santa Cruz mountains and the bustling cities of Palo Alto and Menlo Park. Less than an hour away to the north, the urban sophistication and breathtaking beauty of San Francisco give students an opportunity to enjoy a wide range of cultural and recreational activities. Just a few miles to the south, San Jose and neighboring Silicon Valley – the birthplace of the high-technology industry – boast a vitality and entrepreneurialism that has been largely spawned by the university's faculty and graduates. Half an hour to the west are pristine beaches of the Pacific Ocean, and a few hours to the east rugged peaks of the Sierra–Lake Tahoe for skiing and other winter sports and Yosemite National Park for hiking and camping.

The Stanford Community Law Clinic provides community-based legal assistance to low-income clients on issues such as workers' rights, housing, and government benefits. Founded by Stanford Law School in 2002, the clinic offers an opportunity for students to handle all aspects of client matters, from initial interview through trial, hearing, or other resolution. In addition to direct individual representation, students are encouraged to participate in and develop projects aimed at systemic remedies. Such projects have involved drafting recommendations for Labor Commissioner claims processing, analyzing housing code enforcement in East Palo Alto, and streamlining the presentation of cases in small claims court. Clinical attorneys based at the Community Law Clinic provide close supervision to students on cases and related projects. Through an accompanying seminar, participants study essential aspects of lawyering, examine ethical issues arising in their cases, and reflect on larger concerns regarding the justice system, particularly as applied to low-income members of society. Throughout the semester, the seminar focuses on strategies for solving the challenges faced by underrepresented community members.

Students may also volunteer to participate in a number of pro bono programs run by the Stanford Community Law Clinic. In 2003-04 students provided legal assistance to low-income clients on guardianship and

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consumer issues through monthly legal advice sessions. The clinic plans to expand its pro bono opportunities in 2004-05 to include additional areas.

The Public Interest Program at Stanford Law School provides a rich resource for students who are interested in or already committed to advancing the public good and achieving social justice through the law.

Stanford Law School offers an array of classes and clinics that provide students with a solid foundation of theoretical knowledge and practical skills. It also supports students pursuing careers in the public interest and public sector, through its pro bono program, externships, mentorships, career services, speaker series, and opportunities for financial assistance.

The Public Interest Program houses public service and career services programs, and coordinates events ranging from skills training to public interest symposia to career panels. It also oversees a variety of public interest funding programs that tangibly support public interest and public sector students and alumni.

The groundwork provided through classes and clinics, and the opportunities created by the Public Interest Program enable our graduates to achieve the careers and advance the causes that first inspired them to earn a law degree.

Stanford Law School is housed at the center of the university campus in Crown Quadrangle, a four building complex built specifically for legal education. The complex houses Robert Crown Law Library; a classroom building, FIR Hall; a moot courtroom; offices and meeting rooms for faculty and for student organizations; a student lounge and snack bar; and Kresge Auditorium.

Crown Quadrangle has been thoroughly renovated over the past three years, providing students and faculty with a state-of-the-art learning and teaching environment. In the classroom building, the redesign included the installation of tiered floors, ergonomic seats, special lighting, and innovative instructional technology equipment. Computer projectors, whiteboards, and audio-visual equipment now enhance presentation capabilities for faculty and students in all rooms, and student desks provide power and wireless network connections, supporting all

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wireless devices. Faculty members are able to employ this new technology to image in guest lecturers via video simulcast and call in field experts for commentary via a voice-over-Internet protocol telephone, illuminating the legal world a way that had not been previously possible.

Crothers Hall, an on-campus law student residence, is one block away, as is the Mark Taper Law Student Center, a recreation and meeting facility.

After the first year, students hone their appellate advocacy skills in the Kirkwood Moot Court Competition. Many students are also engaged in legal services and outreach programs. Student-run conferences and events fill the academic year and provide leadership opportunities for students while making a significant contribution to the broader community. Recent events include, the Shaking the Foundations conference on progressive lawyering; a commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education featuring a speech by Jack Greenberg, a member of the team of lawyers who argued the combined desegregation cases before the U.S. Supreme Court; a presentation on combating terrorism in a democratic state by Soli Sorabjee, Attorney General of India; a keynote address by former U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno at the Stanford Law Review Symposium on Punishment; and the annual auction sponsored by the Stanford Public Interest Law Foundation, which raises thousands of dollars to benefit nonprofit organizations and provides funding to students who work in public interest jobs over the summer.

The Robert Crown Law Library offers wireless connectivity for laptops, and an abundance of computer terminals to access the myriad databases and online resources available to Stanford law students, including Lexis and Westlaw.

The library also holds 500,000 books, 360,000 microform and audiovisual items, and more than 8,000 current serial subscriptions. Relationships with libraries around the world enable the Stanford law library to offer premier level inter-library loan service as well. The recently remodeled spacious reading room provides a popular, comfortable, and well-lighted place to study, and librarians are eager to help guide stu-

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dents in their research. In addition, the library offers conference rooms outfitted with the latest technology, including flat-panel displays.

Law students are welcome to use the many other research libraries here at Stanford, including Green Library and libraries specializing in art and architecture, business, education, engineering, mathematics, medicine, music, and more.

Text 16. Loyola Marymount University

(Loyola Law School)

Loyola Law School Los Angeles opened its doors in 1920. Located in downtown Los Angeles-a legal, financial and media capitalLoyola Law School is home to prominent faculty, dedicated students and cutting-edge programs. The first ABA-accredited law school in California with a pro bono requirement for graduation, Loyola Law is committed to legal ethics and the public interest, and has produced top attorneys for nearly a century.

Degrees Offered: Juris Doctor (JD); Juris Doctor/Master of Business Administration (JD/MBA); Masters of Law in Taxation (LLM); Masters of Law in American Law & International Legal Practice (International LLM)Loyola Law is the first ABA-accredited law school in California with a mandatory pro bono requirement. Loyola students donate over 40,000 hours of pro bono work per year to non-profit organizations.

The mission of Loyola Law School is legal education within the context of Loyola Marymount University and its goals as a Catholic Institution in the Jesuit and Marymount traditions. In carrying out this mission, it is the particular responsibility of Loyola Law School to:

Achieve and maintain excellence in the instruction of law and promote legal scholarship and research in the context of academic freedom;

Seek to educate men and women who will be leaders of both the legal profession and society, demonstrating in their practice of law and public service the highest standards of personal integrity, professional ethics and a deep concern for social justice;

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Act at all times as an institution in a manner consistent with those values.

The Law School should be distinguished by its concern for social justice. It should continue its efforts to provide opportunities for legal education to the poor, the underprivileged, women and minorities. Loyola Law School has a long-standing commitment to affirmative action and adheres to and supports all legal requirements for non-discrimination and equal opportunity in all of its programs. As a Jesuit-related institution, the Law School recognizes its moral and ethical obligation to provide opportunities for a quality legal education to qualified applicants of diverse backgrounds, interests and professional objectives.

Loyola Law School prepares students to practice law effectively in any jurisdiction in the United States. Yet, a quality legal education does far more than simply prepare a student to file a lawsuit or draft a contract. Loyola's program is designed to teach the student to think and reason critically. The program tries to instill in its students a respect and appreciation for the law as a discipline influenced by philosophical, historical and political forces. The faculty, therefore, reviews the curriculum continuously, revising and developing it not only to meet the changing needs of contemporary law practice, but also to protect and enhance Loyola's intellectual climate and promote the ideals set forth in the Law School's Mission Statement.

Loyola's curriculum has tremendous breadth and depth. From Constitutional Law to Entertainment Law, from Legal Philosophy to Trial Practice, students at Loyola enjoy exciting and stimulating course offerings. Most importantly, the size of both its full time and adjunct faculties enables Loyola to offer a large and varied array of courses. All students must complete 87 units in preparation for graduation from Loyola Law School.

Loyola demonstrates its commitment to social justice through our five public interest organizations-the Western Law Center for Disability Rights provides free legal services to people with disabilities; the Disability Mediation Center mediates cases involving federal and state discrimination laws; the Center for Conflict Resolution provides mediation, con-

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