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geographic area»1. From this, Rodrigues characterized as «a good providential» the Portuguese emigration at the end of the decade of 1920, as it promoted the necessary imports of Portuguese products on the other side of the South Atlantic 2 . More, Bettencourt considered that if Portugal left «to feed the progress of its [Brazilian] population with the infusions of living blood»3 sent to to him annually, Brazil was at risk of lose her Portuguese traces (desaporteguesar)4 . Moreover, the Italian and Portuguese emigration towards Brazil, was considered by the former minister as essential – because Latins – to the development of Brazilian agriculture, which was in manifested expansion5. Bettencourt Rodrigues understood, moreover, that it was in the trade with Brazil that was the real Portuguese enterprise: it was necessary the so desired trade agreement between both nations that reconciling the respective Luso-brazilian interests in concerning import and export; however, it was the highlight between the two emigrating currents: the Italians tended to settle in the Brazilian farms

«of extensive culture», in the interior, working as settlers, and the Portuguese in

Rio de Janeiro and Santos occupying the trade and some coming to be «wealthy capitalists»6. His reading was preferential, despite the reality being known for him and mentioning that Portuguese won the day of work as journeyman 7 .

However, the author assure that few was the Portuguese’s immigrants who coming to Brazil compared to the Italian, Spanish or even Japanese emigration8.

But while he had at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Bettencourt Rodrigues was concerned with the incrementation of Latin relations in its general; not only the with Luso-brasileirism without, however, he loss of sight: «(…) In fact, what are the nations of Europe that among themselves present, such as Portugal with Brazil, such as Spain with the Spanish Republics of America, so flagrant, so intimate, so ineludible affinities? The same origin, the same blood, the same language, the same religion, the same traditions and customs, and as a result of all these conjugated factors, the same noble idealism (...)» 9 ; recognized, the Author, his Utopia to unite all Latins in a political institution, however, he did not let his expectation10.

1Idem, Ibidem.

2Idem, Ibidem, p. 242.

3Idem, Ibidem, p. 243.

4Idem, Ibidem.

5Idem, Ibidem, p. 244.

6Idem, Ibidem, p. 245.

7Idem, Ibidem, p. 246.

8Idem, Ibidem.

9Idem, Ibidem, p. 90.

10Idem, Ibidem.

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We should accentuate that the concept of border between Portugal and Brazil, in the thought of Bettencourt Rodrigues would be crossed by an economic alliance1, in to minister’s line, «the two nations, instead of competitors competitors and rivals, would eventually form one and only front, before foreign markets, to defend the similar products in their respective zones»2. However, while in the government, Bettencourt Rodrigues waited for the moment when he could deal with the matter personally with the foreign minister from overseas, without any opportunity if he had given3; the subject has been shown to be elusive because it is inopportune to the tasks of the Military Dictatorship.

In other words, while he was the in Foreign Affairs, Bettencourt Rodrigues was concerned with the creation of university courses aimed at exchanging knowledge between Latin countries; in conclusion, a manifest cultural approach. Emphasize, the Author approved the creation in the School of Arts and Humanities of the University Lisbon of a Chair of Hispano-American studies4, after the School Director do Director – Queiroz Veloso (1860-1952) – have given their positive opinion; the Chair was inaugurated through «a series of lessons» administered by the Argentine Minister in Lisbon, Roberto Levillier (1881-1969)5. In this way, Bettencourt Rodrigues elongated what he had done at at the Sorbonne, years before – in March 19116 –, With the creation of a Chair of History and Brazilian Literature7; already in Lisbon, the Chair of HispanicAmerican studies started to complete the program of the School of Arts and Humanities that then had a congenital Chair as that created in Paris, as well as of another of Spanish Literature8.

He intended, in his speech at Avenida Palace – where the minister of Argentina offered a lunch to the Foreign Affairs and Education Ministers of Portugal – in a gesture of appreciation to the Foreign Ministers of Latin America thanks to the Chairs Instituted in the respective faculty, «that, in the name of reciprocity, were created in Brazil and in the Spanish Republic of America, several centers of Portuguese culture»9, in his view an important step towards achieving the approximation between the Portuguese-speaking and Spanishspeaking peoples10. Bettencourt Rodrigues took advantage of the opportunity to

1Idem, Ibidem, p. 268-273.

2Idem, Ibidem, p. 270.

3Idem, Ibidem, pp. 272-273.

4Idem, Ibidem, p. 92.

5Idem, Ibidem.

6CARVALHO, Ibidem, p. 109.

7Idem, Ibidem.

8Idem, Ibidem, p. 140.

9BETTENCOURT-RODRIGUES, Ibidem, p. 96.

10Idem, Ibidem.

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have lunch with the Argentine Minister in Lisbon, with the Ambassador of

Spain, and with «almost all representatives of the South American nations»1 to affirm among brothers that the lunch was a family reunion2. But he risked to clarify that at that moment he didn’t only wish to speak of Brazil «that is, on the other side of the Atlantic a new and great Portugal, and that, in the heart of the Portuguese from overseas, for the very affection we dedicate to him, as the son of which the motherland so much prides herself» 3 ; but also to address the Spanish Republics of America. It revolted history; it was said to be proud to have been Portugal to recognise, first, the independence of these nations «without this gesture having distressed the noble sentiments of the Gentlemanlike Spain»4 - the Minister pointed the blade to the Iberian neighbor about Ibero-American destinations. But Rodrigues’s speech continues: it was a matter of remembering that the Rio da Prata was discovered by a Portuguese who baptized it5; he also said that «the first foreign diplomat accredited to the Government of Buenos Aires» was João Manuel Figueiredo, in short, another

Portuguese6. He then proclaimed Portugal as a worker of the recognition of the Spanish Republics in Europe, recalling that it was Silvestre Pinheiro Ferreira (1769-1846) – Portuguese politician – who projected for the same time in the formation between Portugal and the Americo-Latins nations «new Born for

International Life», a «confederation of the Independence of nations, destined to guarantee their freedom and full autonomy»7; Bettencourt Rodrigues complains, complains, by this way, the narrowing of the ties between the Portuguese’s and the Spanish Republics as a pretense of more than a century8. Moreover, the tone was set to certify to the Argentine Minister that, since he arrived in Lisbon with the draft diplomatic action, the creation of the Spanish-American Chair of studies had become «one of the favorite subjects of [his] conversations»9.

It should be stressed that at the end of his Ministry – in the early days of November 1928 – was inaugurated the Plaza of Chile in Lisbon10, «Nation, our traditional friend»11, in the words of Rodrigues. The objective of Bettencourt Rodrigues was to radiate the Pan-lusitanism for the American context, reaching

1Idem, Ibidem, p. 92.

2Idem, Ibidem, p. 95.

3Idem, Ibidem.

4Idem, Ibidem.

5Idem, Ibidem, pp. 95-96.

6Idem, Ibidem, p. 96.

7Idem, Ibidem.

8Idem, Ibidem.

9Idem, Ibidem, p. 97.

10Idem, Ibidem, pp. 97-98.

11Idem, Ibidem, p. 98.

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the attentions of the Giant of Latin America – Brazil, from where an manifest narrowing in dealing with the Portuguese’s was sought –, it is certain that recourse to historical memory appeared to the former Minister as indispensable to the reaffirmation of Portugal in the Americans-Latin’s relations; it was in the past the front of the country before the Spanish reals, since the approximations of Spain to Italy of Benito Mussolini and Latin America left the doubt in Bettencourt Rodrigues about the isolation of Portugal in the Latin of Europe and beyond Ocean1. In a desolate tone, when the news came of the visit of the King of Spain – D. Afonso XIII – Italy, at the time the work A Luso-Brazilian confederation was handed over to the publisher, this earned him the postscriptum; if Bettencourt Rodrigues verified, in the words of Mussolini that he took Italian and Spanish as the builders of Latin America in the beginning of the decade of 1920, he was keen if it would not have «arrived at the time of, in union with Brazil and, hitting the space with Spain and Italy, with these nations walked into a Latin union», where they competed for their geographical situation «in the far West European», despite what was left of the Portuguese Empire in the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean, aiming at the placement of

Portugal «as a colonial Power» behind England and France2. He left the warning warning about the climate of government instability experienced in the country:

«But beware! That a spark, coming from the outside, by our negligence, does not put the house on fire, while we are discussing how we shall put the house in order...»3; throwing its intentions for three years later.

Conclusion

From this, the luso-brasileirism as a historical concept, represented the sculpture of an imperturbable heritage, revived to the memory of a missing Empire; involves a unambiguously relationship connected with a colonial past – having already been used before the independence of Brazil, following the design of an Portuguese’s empire that would correspond to the union of the two kingdoms-reconciling in itself, the bearer of Civilization (Portugal) and the maximum splendor of this civilization (Brazil), which Eldorado Portuguese. Therefore, the frontier sought between Portuguese and Brazilians, was equivalent, in the idealism of our Author to a Society of Right and Relationship established between two nations4 that would open their borders mutually and for

1Idem, Ibidem, pp. 256-257.

2Idem, Ibidem, p. 256.

3Idem, Ibidem, p. 257.

4 BETTENCNOURT-RODRIGUES, Vinte e Oito Mezes no Ministerio dos Negocios Estrangeiros, pp. 275-277.

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for common benefit. It intends to mean that Bettencourt Rodrigues jumped his doctrine of international relations according to a logic in which the approximation by necessity intrinsic to the development of two States resulted without any clauses of obligatoriness of Permanence in this confederative atmosphere: by maintaining both nations their sovereignty in a complete way, each of the Confederate States would have the right to secession «that is, the right to, when it suits him, to disconnect from the Covenant which for some time brought them together»1; political philosophy that comprised an entire freedom of circulations through the overthrow of political, cultural and economiccommercial boundaries, raising another frontier: the ethnic-racial frontier in front of the foreigner, that is, the one who did not integrate the political Lusobrazilian bloc and, ultimately, the Latin bloc.

Sources

1.BETTENCOURT-RODRIGUES, A Patria e o Povo Portuguez, Livraria Classica Editora, Lisboa, 1912.

2.BETTENCOURT-RODRIGUES, Uma Confederação Luso-brasileira,

Livraria Clássica Editora, Lisboa, 1923.

3.BETTENCOURT-RODRIGUES, Vinte e Oito Mezes no Ministerio dos Negocios Estrangeiros (De 12 de Julho de 1926 a 9 de Novembro de 1928), Livraria Classica Editora, Lisboa, 1929.

4.O Estado de S. Paulo, 7 de Abril de 1913.

5.O Occidente – Revista Ilustrada de Portugal e do Extrangeiro, 1 de

Outubro de 1892, 15.º ano, XV Volume, N.º 496.

Bibliography

1. BEIRED, José Luis Bendicho, Hispanismo e latinismo no debate intelectual ibero-americano, Varia Historia, Belo Horizonte, Vol. 30, N.º

54, Set./Dez. 2014, pp. 631-654.

2. CARVALHO, Soraia Milene, A Sociedade das Nações: Europa, Portugal e Agricultura, School of Arts and Humanities, 2019.

3. CASTRO, Zília Osório de; SILVA, Júlio Rodrigues; SARMENTO, Cristina Montalvão (eds.), Tratados do Atlântico Sul – Portugal-Brasil, 1825-2000, Colecção Biblioteca Diplomática do MNE – Série A,

Europress, Lisboa, 2006.

1 Idem, Ibidem.

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4.CRUZ, Duarte Ivo, Estratégia Portuguesa na Conferência de Paz (19181919) – As Actas da Delegação Portuguesa, Fundação Luso-Americana, Lisboa, 2009.

5.LEAL, Ernesto Castro – «A ideia de Confederação Luso-Brasileira nas primeiras décadas do século XX». In Revista Estudos Filosóficos nº 3. São João d’el-rei: 2009, p. 244. [Consultado em: 2016/10/21] Disponível em: http://www.seer.ufsj.edu.br/index.php/estudosfilosoficos/article/view/2381.

6.MIRANDA, Luciana Lilian, “Brasil, Visão do que fomos, do que somos e do que devemos ser”: A causa luso-brasileira em João de Barros, 19121922, Tese de Doutoramento em História, Orientação Prof. Dr. Fernando Rosas; Prof. Dr. António Reis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da UNL, Lisboa, 2014.

7.SNYDER, Louis L., Macro-Nationalisms – A History of the PanMovements, Greenwood Press, London, 1984.

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СПИСОК АВТОРОВ

Байер Кристиан – преподаватель Арктического университета Норвегии, кафедра языка и культуры, г. Тромсе, Норвегия

Барч Анна – PhD в области литературы, научный сотрудник Тринити Колледжа, г. Дублин, Ирландия

Бенвинда Фредерику – исследователь Центра истории Школы искусств и гуманитарных наук Лиссабонского университета, г. Лиссабон, Португалия

Виноградов Андрей Иванович – доктор философских наук, директор Социально-гуманитарного института ФГБОУ ВО «Мурманский арктический государственный университет», г. Мурманск, Россия

Войтеховский Юрий Леонидович – профессор, доктор геолого-

минералогических наук, заведующий кафедрой минералогии, кристаллографии и петрографии ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский горный университет», г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия

Карвалью Сорайя Милен Маркеш – аспирант в области новой и новейшей истории, Школа искусств и гуманитарных наук Лиссабонского университета, г. Лиссабон, Португалия

Мети Ян Селмер – доцент Центра практического знания, Северный университет г. Буде, Норвегия

Нуниш Тереза – PhD in History, доцент Школы искусств и гуманитарных наук Лиссабонского университета, г. Лиссабон, Португалия

Сауткин Александр Александрович – кандидат философских наук, доцент кафедры философии, социальных наук и права социального обеспечения ФГБОУ ВО «Мурманский арктический государственный университет» г. Мурманск, Россия

Сергеев Андрей Михайлович – доктор философских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой философии, социальных наук и права социального обеспечения ФГБОУ ВО «Мурманский арктический государственный университет (Мурманск, Россия).

Филиппова Елена Владимировна – магистрант кафедры философии,

социальных наук и права социального обеспечения ФГБОУ ВО «Мурманский арктический государственный университет», г. Мурманск, Россия

Циркунов Игорь Борисович – кандидат экономических наук, доцент, директор Мурманского книжного издательства, г. Мурманск, Россия

Цылев Виктор Рюрикович – кандидат философских наук, доцент кафедры философии, социальных наук и права социального обеспечения ФГБОУ ВО «Мурманский арктический государственный университет», г. Мурманск, Россия

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THE LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Barcz Anna – PhD in literary studies, Fellowship Researcher at Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

Benvinda Frederico – Researcher at the Centre for History of the Lisbon School of Arts and Humanities of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

Beyer Christian – lecturer at the Arctic University of Norway, Department of Language and Culture, Tromsø, Norway

Carvalho Soraia Milene Marques – Master’s in History. PhD student in History,

Speciality in Contemporary History in School of Arts and Humanities, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

Filippova Elena Vladimirovna – Master student of the Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Social Security Law of Murmansk Arctic State University, Murmansk, Russia

Methi Jan Selmer – Associate Professor at the Center for Practical Knowledge, Nord University, Bodø, Norway

Nunes Teresa – PhD in History by University of Lisbon, Assistant Professor at School of Arts and Humanities, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

Sautkin Alexander Alexandrovich – Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Social Security Law of Murmansk Arctic State University, Murmansk, Russia

Sergeev Andrey Mikhailovich – Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Head of the Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Social Security Law, Murmansk Arctic State University, Murmansk, Russia

Tsylev Victor Ryurikovich – Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Social Security Law of Murmansk Arctic State University, Murmansk, Russia

Tsyrkunov Igor Borisovich – Candidate of Economics, Director of the Murmansk Publishing House, Murmansk, Russia

Vinogradov Andrey Ivanovich – Doctor of Philosophy, Director of Social and Humanities Institute of Murmansk Arctic State University, Murmansk, Russia

Voytekhovsky Yuriy Leonidovich – Professor, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Head of the Department of Mineralogy, Crystallography and Petrography of St. Petersburg Mining University, St. Petersburg, Russia

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Коллектив авторов

ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКСИС КАК ВЫЗОВЫ ДЛЯ ГРАНИЦЕВЕДЕНИЯ: СОБЫТИЯ И ЗНАНИЯ НА ГРАНИЦЕ

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