- •Chest Imaging
- •Foreword
- •Preface
- •Educational Support and Funding
- •Acknowledgments
- •Contents
- •Fundamentals > Chest Primer Presentation
- •Chest X-Ray Interpretation Self-Study Instructions
- •Using the RoboChest Website
- •Decision Tree Algorithms to Help Solidify Concepts
- •References
- •Comprehensive Review of Search Patterns
- •Search Pattern Mnemonic
- •Interpretive Approach to CXR
- •Applying the Mnemonic to the Search Pattern
- •Chest Primer Presentation
- •References
- •Introduction and Terminology
- •Chest Imaging Terminology
- •Mach Effect on CXR
- •Trachea and Lungs on CXR
- •Mediastinal Anatomy on CXR
- •The Hilum (Plural: Hila)
- •Pulmonary Arteries and Veins
- •Normal Lung Markings
- •Vessel Size
- •Quiz Yourself: Mediastinum Lines, Edges
- •Shoulder Anatomy
- •Reference
- •Abnormal Lung Parenchyma
- •Mass
- •Mass Considerations
- •Size
- •Mass Characteristics
- •Malignancy
- •Case 4.1
- •Metastatic
- •Case 4.2
- •Bronchial Carcinoid
- •Radiological Signs
- •Case 4.3
- •Granulomatous Disease
- •Infectious Granulomatous Disease
- •Case 4.4
- •Non-infectious Granulomatous Disease
- •Benign Neoplasm
- •Hamartoma
- •Case 4.6
- •Congenital Abnormality
- •Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
- •Case 4.7
- •Consolidation
- •Consolidative Radiological Findings/Distribution
- •Consolidative Model
- •Blood (Hemorrhage)
- •Case 4.8
- •Pus (Exudate)
- •Case 4.9
- •Case 4.10
- •Water (Transudate)
- •Pulmonary Edema
- •Case 4.11
- •Case 4.12
- •Protein (Secretions)
- •Case 4.13 (see Figs. 4.38 and 4.39)
- •Cells (Malignancy)
- •Interstitial
- •Radiological Signs
- •Linear Form: Lines
- •Case 4.14
- •Nodular Form: Dots
- •Case 4.15
- •Reticulo-Nodular Form
- •Pneumoconiosis
- •Case 4.16
- •Case 4.17
- •Destructive Fibrotic Lung
- •Case 4.18
- •Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
- •Case 4.19
- •Vascular Pattern
- •Normal Pulmonary Vascular Anatomic Review
- •Radiological Signs in the Vascular Pattern
- •Mechanism
- •Vascular Examples
- •Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)
- •Case 4.20
- •Pulmonary Venous Congestion
- •Pulmonary Venous Congestion: Edema
- •Emphysema
- •Airway (Bronchial) Patterns
- •Complete Obstruction
- •Lobar Atelectasis (Collapse)
- •Signs
- •Lobar Atelectasis Patterns
- •Complete Obstruction: Case Study
- •Partial Obstruction
- •Radiological Signs
- •Bronchial Wall Thickening
- •Bronchial Wall Thickening Causes
- •Bronchial Wall Thickening Model
- •Bronchiolar
- •Case 4.21
- •References
- •Pleural Effusion
- •Case 5.1
- •Technique and Positioning Revisited
- •Case 5.2
- •Comparison of Effusions over Time
- •Loculated Fluid/Pseudotumor
- •Case 5.3
- •Case 5.4
- •Thickening
- •Pneumothorax
- •Fluid and Air
- •Analogous Model
- •References
- •Anterior Mediastinal Mass
- •Case 6.1
- •Middle Mediastinal Mass
- •Posterior Mediastinal Mass
- •Case 6.2
- •Mediastinal Enlargement
- •Case 6.3
- •Reference
- •Case 7.1
- •Lines and Tubes
- •References
- •Appendix
- •Appendix 1: Glossary and Abbreviations
- •Appendix 2: Sources and Additional References
- •Text Sources
- •Image Sources
- •Additional References
- •Chest Imaging References
- •Chest Imaging Online References
- •Index
142 |
Appendix |
Appendix 2: Sources and Additional References
Text Sources
Unless otherwise noted, the material within was compiled by Dr. Les Folio or borrowed from material he delivered in his lectures at Uniformed Services University.
The following sources were consulted and have been cited in the pages of this book. ARDS secondary to hepatorenal syndrome. In: MedPix. Retrieved on September 15, 2008
from http://rad.usuhs.edu/medpix/master.php3?mode=print_case&pt_id=5117&showall=yes. Broussard E. Pulmonary artery hypertension – shunt vascularity. In: MedPix.
2003. Retrieved on September 15, 2008 from http://rad.usuhs.edu/medpix/radpix.h tml?mode=single&recnum=4854&table=&srchstr=&search.
Dubois D. Miliary nodular INTERSTITIAL pattern (lung). In: Medpix. 2000. Retrieved on September 15, 2008 from http://rad.usuhs.edu/medpix/master.php3?m ode=single&recnum=841&table=card&srchstr=interstitial&search=interstitial#top.
Folio LR. A mnemonic approach to the evaluation of chest x-ray films. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1995;95(11):648.
Folio L, Feigin DS, Singleton B, Arner D. Chest imaging diagnostic assistant. Poster presented at Association of University Radiologists. Austin, TX 2006.
Folio L, Feigin D, Smirniotopoulos J, Singleton B. Chest imaging portal: educational phase. RSNA InfoRad. Chicago, IL 2006.
MacMahon H, Austin JHM, Gamsu G, Herold CJ, Jett JR, Naidich DP, Patz Jr EF, Swensen SJ. Guidelines for management of small pulmonary nodules detected on CT scans: a statement from the Fleischner Society. Radiology. 2005; 237:395–400.
National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. What is pulmonary arterial hypertension? Retrieved on 9/15/08, from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/ pah/pah_what.html.
Shaffer K. Role of radiology for imaging and biopsy of solitary pulmonary nodules. Chest. 1999;116:519–22. Retrieved on October 14, 2008 from http://www. chestjournal.org/cgi/reprint/116/suppl_3/519S.pdf.
Shogan P, Muncy T, McCarthy K, Folio L. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Mil Med Int J AMSUS. 2008;173(10):vii, viii.
Slotto J, Folio L. Cystic fibrosis chest x-ray findings: a teaching analog. Mil Med Int J AMSUS. 2008;173(7):xii, xiii.
Trask S. Hydropneumothorax. In: MedPix. 2007. Retrieved on October 16, 2008 from http://rad.usuhs.edu/medpix/medpix_home.html?mode=single&recnum=755 8&table=card&srchstr=hydropneumothorax&search=hydropneumothorax#top.
Warnock A, Gibson M, Folio L. Chondroblastoma with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst. Mil Med Int J AMSUS. 2008;173(2):xiii–xiv.
Wikipedia. Pneumoconiosis. Retrieved on August 15, 2008 from http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumoconiosis.